Moses commanded Joshua son of Nun to choose mighty men and go out and fight 77.1196 Amalek, signified that Jesus Christ would be subject to the commandments of the Mosaic law. For I have not come, he says, to abolish the law, but to fulfill it. And choosing from all of Israel, and from every nation, mighty men; I mean the holy apostles and their successors; he will fight against the devil, the king of wickedness and sin, and will conquer him. He appointed the battle to be made on the next day; indicating the later time of the incarnation after the fullness of the time of the law. And Moses goes up to the top of the mountain, that he may look upon the battle. For initiation according to the law also leads up to a proportionate height of knowledge; from where the Jews might be able to look upon the strategies concerning Christ; and when Moses raised his hands, Israel prevailed; but when he let them down, Amalek prevailed. For hands stretched out into the air form the shape of the cross, and every cross-bearer conquers; just as, in turn, everyone who does not bear the cross, but forsakes the faith in Christ, is fought against. But the hands of Moses were heavy, and with difficulty were they raised into the aforementioned figure. Because even those of the law with difficulty come to bear the cross of Christ. And taking, it says, a stone, they placed it under him, and he sat on it; and Aaron and Hur supported his hands, one on this side, and one on that side. For Christ is the precious and chosen stone, on whom those from Israel who believe lean and rest. The same Christ is also understood as Aaron and Hur, as high priest and judge; for Aaron was high priest, and Hur judge. This Christ, understood through both, supports the faithful from Israel, for faith through the cross, and for victory, and does not allow them to be weighed down and dragged down. Moses, instructed by God, ordered the people to wash their clothes, and to abstain from women, and thus to present themselves to God at the foot of Mount Sinai. For one must wash away the shame of wickedness and put on the beauty of virtue, and be pure of bodily pleasure and defilement. Commanding this, the law, of which Moses is a type, presents to Christ the God those who obey, instructing and ordering them, and leading them to perfection. But God came down not to the people, but to the mountain. For the people of the Hebrews are groveling and earthly, but the people of the Christians are high-minded, and lofty in contemplation, and raised above earthly things. To whom God also physically visited and associated, having become man. And there was fire around the mountain, for fear for the dense people, who did not have a spirit of adoption, but of bondage to fear, being led by force and not being pious willingly; but for the purification of the new; for fire is also purifying. And the smoke signified the hiddenness of the divine nature. For he made, it says, darkness his hiding place. Or also otherwise, the smoke as a symbol of the mist which is poured over the mind of the Jews, 77.1197 not allowing it to be illuminated by the rays of truth. But the fire as an image of the light which illumines the mind of those who believe in Christ. And the sounds of the trumpet, going forth, became stronger; for when Christ came among us, the things proclaimed about him in the law became clearer and more knowable. For hear these things, it says, all you nations. But Moses spoke, it says, and God answered him with a voice. For he, like a schoolmaster, sought the law by which they were to be improved; but God gave the law. And the Son is the voice of the Father, as the Word. For the law is from him, even if it was spoken to Moses through angels. And when God commanded, Moses goes up to the top of the mountain; for Christ called the faithful people, the one set above
Μωσῆς Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Ναυῆ ἐπιλέξασθαι ἄνδρας δυνατοὺς καὶ ἐξελθεῖν καὶ παρατά 77.1196 ξασθαι Ἀμαλὴκ, ὑπεσήμαινεν ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ὁ Χριστὸς ὑποταγήσεται ταῖς ἐντολαῖς τοῦ Μωσαϊκοῦ νόμου. Οὐκ ἦλθον γὰρ, φησὶ, καταλῦσαι τὸν νόμον, ἀλλὰ πληρῶσαι. Καὶ ἐπιλεξάμενος ἐκ παντὸς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ἐκ παντὸς ἔθνους, ἄνδρας δυνατούς· φημὶ δὴ τοὺς ἱεροὺς ἀποστόλους καὶ τοὺς διαδόχους αὐτῶν· παρατάξεται τῷ διαβόλῳ τῷ βασιλεῖ τῆς κακίας καὶ ἁμαρτίας, καὶ καταπολεμήσει αὐτόν. Εἰσαύριον δὲ τὴν παράταξιν διωρίσατο ποιήσασθαι· δηλῶν τὸν μετέπειτα καιρὸν τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεως τὸν μετὰ τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ νομικοῦ χρόνου. Ἄνεισι δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν κορυφὴν τοῦ βουνοῦ Μωσῆς, ἵν' ἔχῃ καθορᾷν τὴν μάχην. Ἀναβιβάζει γὰρ καὶ ἡ κατὰ νόμον μυσταγωγία πρὸς ὕψος σύμμετρον γνώσεως· ὅθεν ἂν Ἰουδαῖοι δύναιντο καθορᾷν τὰ τῶν περὶ Χριστὸν στρατηγήματα· καὶ ἀνατείναντος μὲν Μωσέως τὰς χεῖρας κατίσχυεν Ἰσραήλ· καθιέντος δὲ κατίσχυεν Ἀμαλήκ. Χεῖρες μὲν γὰρ ἀποτάδην εἰς ἀέρα δεικνύμεναι, τὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ σχῆμα γράφουσι, πᾶς δὲ σταυροφόρος νικᾷ· καθάπερ αὖ πᾶς μὴ τὸν σταυρὸν φέρων, ἀλλὰ τὴν κατὰ Χριστὸν πίστιν προέμενος, πολεμεῖται. Βαρεῖαι δὲ αἱ χεῖρες Μωσέως, καὶ μόλις ἐπαιρόμεναι πρὸς τὸν εἰρημένον τύπον. Ὅτι καὶ οἱ τοῦ νόμου μόλις ἥκουσιν εἰς τὸ φορέσαι τὸν σταυρὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Καὶ λαβόντες, φησὶ, λίθον ὑπέθηκαν ὑπ' αὐτὸν, καὶ ἐκάθητο ἐπ' αὐτοῦ· καὶ Ἀαρὼν καὶ Ὢρ, ἐστήριζον τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ, ἐντεῦθεν εἷς, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν εἷς. Λίθος μὲν γὰρ τίμιος καὶ ἐκλεκτὸς ὁ Χριστὸς, ἐφ' ὃν ἐρειδόμενοι ἀναπαύονται, οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ πιστεύοντες. Ὁ αὐτὸς δὲ Χριστὸς νοεῖται καὶ Ἀαρὼν καὶ Ὢρ, ὡς ἀρχιερεὺς καὶ κριτής· Ἀαρὼν μὲν γὰρ ἀρχιερεὺς, κριτὴς δὲ Ὤρ. Ὃς Χριστὸς δι' ἀμφοτέρων νοούμενος, ὑπερείδει τοὺς ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ πιστοὺς, εἰς τὴν διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ καὶ πίστιν, καὶ νίκην, καὶ οὐκ ἐᾷ βαρεῖσθαι καὶ κατασπᾶσθαι. Ἐνηχηθεὶς θεόθεν ὁ Μωσῆς προσέταξε τῷ λαῷ πλῦναι τὰ ἱμάτια ἑαυτῶν, καὶ ἀποσχέσθαι γυναικὸς, καὶ οὕτως ὑπὸ τὸ ὄρος Σινᾶ παραστῆναι τῷ Θεῷ. Χρὴ γὰρ ἀποπλύνασθαι τὸ αἶσχος τῆς κακίας καὶ ἐνδύσασθαι τὸ κάλλος τῆς ἀρετῆς, καὶ καθαρεύειν σωματικῆς ἡδονῆς καὶ μολυσμοῦ. Τοῦτο δὲ προστάττων ὁ νόμος, οὗ τύπος ὁ Μωσῆς, παρίστησι Χριστῷ τῷ Θεῷ τοὺς πειθομένους παιδαγωγῶν καὶ ῥυθμίζων, καὶ προσάγων τῇ τελειότητι. Κατέβη δὲ ὁ Θεὸς οὐ πρὸς τὸν λαὸν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ ὄρος. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ τῶν Ἑβραίων λαὸς χαμαίζηλος καὶ γεώδης, ὁ δὲ τῶν Χριστιανῶν, ὑψίνους, καὶ τῇ θεωρίᾳ μετέωρος, καὶ τῶν γηίνων ὑπερῃρμένος. Οἷς καὶ σωματικῶς ὁ Θεὸς ἐπεδήμησε καὶ συνανεστράφη ἐνανθρωπήσας. Πῦρ δὲ περὶ τὸ ὄρος, εἰς φόβον μὲν τοῦ παχέος λαοῦ, ᾧ οὐκ ἦν πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας, ἀλλὰ δουλείας εἰς φόβον, βιαίως ἠγμένῳ καὶ οὐκ ἐθελουσίως εὐσεβοῦντι· εἰς κάθαρσιν δὲ τοῦ νέου· ἔστι γὰρ καὶ πῦρ καθαρτήριον. Ὁ δὲ καπνὸς τὸ ἀπόκρυφον ᾐνίττετο τῆς θείας φύσεως. Ἔθετο γὰρ, φησὶ, σκότος ἀποκρυφὴν αὐτοῦ. Ἢ καὶ ἄλλως, ὁ μὲν καπνὸς εἰς σύμβολον τῆς ἀχλύος, ἣ κατακέχυται τῆς διανοίας τῶν Ἰουδαίων, 77.1197 μὴ συγχωροῦσα ἐντρανίζειν ταῖς τῆς ἀληθείας αὐγαῖς. Τὸ δὲ πῦρ εἰς εἰκόνα τοῦ φωτὸς ὃ καταλάμπει τὸν νοῦν τῶν εἰς Χριστὸν πιστευόντων. Προβαίνουσαι δὲ αἱ φωναὶ τῆς σάλπιγγος ἐγίνοντο ἰσχυρότεραι· ἐπιδημήσαντος γὰρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡμῖν, τρανότερα καὶ γνωριμώτερα γεγόνασι τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ τῷ νόμῳ διαγορευόμενα. Ἀκούσατε γὰρ ταῦτα, φησὶ, πάντα τὰ ἔθνη. Ἀλλ' Ὁ μὲν Μωσῆς ἐλάλει, φησὶν, ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ἀπεκρίνετο αὐτῷ φωνῇ. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ οἷον παιδαγωγὸς ἐζήτει τὸν νόμον ᾧ βελτιωθῆναι μέλλοιεν· ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ἐνομοθέτει. Φωνὴ δὲ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὁ Υἱὸς, ὡς Λόγος. Ἐξ αὐτοῦ γὰρ ὁ νόμος, εἰ καὶ δι' ἀγγέλων τῷ Μωσεῖ λελάληται. Κελεύσαντος δὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἄνεισι Μωσῆς εἰς τὴν κορυφὴν τοῦ ὄρους· καλέσαντος γὰρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὸν πιστὸν λαὸν, τὸν ὑπερκείμενον