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of yours cries to me from the ground. He immediately rebuked him and brought punishment upon him, not so much for the murder as for the shamelessness; for God does not hate the sinner so much as the one who is shameless. Indeed, He does not accept Cain when he comes to repentance, because he was not the first to speak of his sin. For what does he say? My sin is greater than that I should be forgiven; instead of, I have sinned greatly; I am not worthy to live. What then does God say to him? You shall be groaning and trembling upon the earth; and he pronounced a terrible and harsh punishment for him. I will not kill you, He says, so that the truth may not be consigned to oblivion, but I will make you a law to be read by all, so that misfortune may become the mother of philosophy. And Cain went about, a living law, a moving pillar, silent, yet sending forth a voice clearer than a trumpet. Let no one do such things, it says, lest he suffer such things. He received punishment for his shamelessness, and not having spoken, but being rebuked, he was condemned for the sin. For if he had confessed on his own, he would have been the first to wipe away the sin. βʹ. But that you may learn that these things are so, learn how someone else, by being the first to speak, resolved his sin. Let us come to David, the prophet and king; or rather, I gladly call him so from his prophecy; for his kingdom was for Palestine, but his prophecy for the ends of the inhabited world; and his kingdom was dissolved in a short time, but his prophecy bears immortal words. It is more preferable for the sun to be extinguished than for the words of David to be consigned to oblivion. This man fell into adultery and murder; For he saw, it says, a beautiful woman bathing, and he desired her; then he put what he had decided into action. And the prophet was in adultery, the pearl in the mire. But he did not yet know that he had sinned; so stupefied was he by passion. For when the charioteer is drunk, the chariot also is carried along disorderly; and what the charioteer and chariot are, this the soul and body are; if the soul is darkened, the body also wallows in mire; for as long as the charioteer stands firm, the chariot is also driven well; but when he himself grows weak, and cannot get control of the reins, the chariot itself is seen in more terrible circumstances. So also in the case of man; as long as the soul is sober and watchful, the body itself is in purity; but when the soul is darkened, the body itself wallows in mire and pleasure. What then of David? He committed adultery; but he did not know it, nor was he rebuked by anyone, and this in extreme old age, so that you may learn that, if you are lazy, neither does old age benefit you, nor again, if you are diligent, can youth harm you. For virtue is not a matter of age, but an achievement of the will; since Daniel was twelve years old, and he judged; but the elders, old in days, both enacted a drama of adultery, and neither did their old age benefit them, nor did youth harm him. And that you may learn that matters of continence are judged not by age, but by will, David, being in his old age, and then falling into adultery, committed murder, and was so disposed as not to know that he had sinned; for the charioteer, the mind, was drunk from intemperance. What then does God do? He sends Nathan the prophet to him; the prophet comes to the prophet; for so it also happens with physicians; when a physician falls ill, he is in need of another physician. The same thing here also; a prophet was the one who had sinned, and a prophet was the one bringing the medicines. Therefore Nathan comes to him, and does not immediately rebuke him from the doorway and 49.287 say: Lawless and most accursed one, adulterer and murderer, you received so many honors from God, and you have trampled upon His commandments? Nathan said nothing of the sort, so that he might not make him more shameless; for sins that are made public provoke the sinner to shamelessness. Therefore he comes to him and weaves a drama of judgment; and what does he say? O king, I have a case for you. There was a rich man and there was a poor man;

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σου βοᾷ πρὸς μὲ ἐκ τῆς γῆς. Ἤλεγξεν εὐθέως καὶ τὴν τιμωρίαν αὐτῷ ἐπήγαγεν, οὐ τοσοῦτον διὰ τὸν φόνον, ὅσον διὰ τὴν ἀναίδειαν· οὐ γὰρ τοσοῦτον μισεῖ ὁ Θεὸς τὸν ἁμαρτάνοντα, ὅσον τὸν ἀναισχυντοῦντα. Ἀμέλει τὸν Κάϊν εἰς μετάνοιαν ἐλθόντα οὐ δέχεται, ἐπειδὴ μὴ πρῶτος εἶπε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Τί γάρ φησι; Μείζων ἡ ἁμαρτία μου τοῦ ἀφεθῆναί με· ἀντὶ τοῦ, Μέγα ἥμαρτον· οὐκ εἰμὶ ἄξιος ζῆσαι. Τί οὖν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Θεός; Στένων καὶ τρέμων ἔσῃ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· καὶ τιμωρίαν αὐτῷ ἀπέφηνε δεινὴν καὶ χαλεπήν. Οὐκ ἀναιρῶ σε, φησὶν, ἵνα μὴ λήθῃ παραδοθῇ ἡ ἀλή49.286 θεια, ἀλλὰ ποιῶ σε νόμον ὑπὸ πάντων ἀναγινωσκόμενον, ἵνα ἡ συμφορὰ μήτηρ φιλοσοφίας γένηται. Καὶ περιῄει ὁ Κάϊν, νόμος ἔμψυχος, στήλη κινουμένη, σιωπῶσα, καὶ σάλπιγγος λαμπροτέραν ἀφιεῖσα τὴν φωνήν. Μή τις ποιήσῃ, φησὶ, τοιαῦτα, ἵνα μὴ πάθῃ τοιαῦτα. Ἔλαβε τὴν τιμωρίαν διὰ τὴν ἀναισχυντίαν, καὶ μὴ εἰρηκὼς, ἐλεγχθεὶς δὲ, κατεκρίθη διὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Εἰ γὰρ ἑαυτῷ ὡμολόγησε, κἂν ἐξαλείψας ἦν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν πρῶτος. βʹ. Ἵνα δὲ μάθῃς, ὅτι ταῦτα τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν τρόπον, μάθε πῶς ἄλλος τις πρῶτος εἰπὼν ἔλυσε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Ἔλθωμεν ἐπὶ τὸν ∆αυῒδ, τὸν προφήτην καὶ βασιλέα· μᾶλλον δὲ αὐτὸν ἡδέως ἀπὸ τῆς προφητείας καλῶ· ἡ μὲν γὰρ βασιλεία εἰς Παλαιστίνην, ἡ δὲ προφητεία εἰς τὰ πέρατα τῆς οἰκουμένης· καὶ ἡ μὲν βασιλεία μικρῷ κατελύθη τῷ χρόνῳ, ἡ δὲ προφητεία ἀθάνατα φέρει τὰ ῥήματα. Αἱρετώτερόν ἐστι τὸν ἥλιον σβεσθῆναι, ἢ τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ ∆αυῒδ λήθῃ παραδοθῆναι. Οὗτος περιέπεσε μοιχείᾳ καὶ φόνῳ· Εἶδε γὰρ, φησὶ, γυναῖκα καλὴν λουομένην, καὶ ἠράσθη αὐτῆς· εἶτα τὰ δόξαντα αὐτῷ εἰς ἔργον ἐξήγαγε. Καὶ ἦν ὁ προφήτης ἐν μοιχείᾳ, ὁ μαργαρίτης ἐν βορβόρῳ. Ἀλλ' οὔπω ᾔδει ὅτι ἥμαρτεν· οὕτως ἦν κεκαρωμένος τῷ πάθει. Τοῦ γὰρ ἡνιόχου μεθύοντος καὶ τὸ ἅρμα ἀτάκτως φέρεται· ὅπερ δὲ ἡνίοχος καὶ ἅρμα, τοῦτο ψυχὴ καὶ σῶμα· ἐὰν ἡ ψυχὴ σκοτωθῇ, καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἐν βορβόρῳ κυλίεται· ἕως γὰρ ἕστηκεν ὁ ἡνίοχος, καὶ τὸ ἅρμα καλῶς ἐλαύνεται· ὅταν μέντοι αὐτὸς ἀτονῇ, καὶ οὐ δύναται περικρατὴς γενέσθαι τῶν ἡνιῶν, καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ ἅρμα ἐν δεινοτέροις ὁρᾶται. Οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου· ἕως ἂν μὲν νήφῃ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ γρηγορῇ, καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ σῶμα ἐν ἁγνείᾳ ἐστίν· ἐπὰν δὲ ἡ ψυχὴ σκοτωθῇ, καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ σῶμα ἐν βορβόρῳ καὶ ἡδονῇ κυλίεται. Τί οὖν ὁ ∆αυΐδ; Ἐμοίχευσεν· ἀλλ' οὐκ ᾔδει, οὔτε ἠλέγχετο ὑπό τινος, καὶ τοῦτο ἐν ἐσχάτῃ πολιᾷ, ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι, ἐὰν ᾖς ῥᾴθυμος, οὔτε ἡ πολιά σε ὠφελεῖ, οὔτε πάλιν, ἐὰν σπουδαῖος ᾖς, ἡ νεότης παραβλάψαι σε δύναται. Οὐ γὰρ τῆς ἡλικίας ὁ τρόπος, ἀλλὰ τῆς γνώμης τὸ κατόρθωμα· ἐπειδὴ καὶ ∆ανιὴλ δώδεκα ἐτῶν ἦν, καὶ ἔκρινεν· οἱ δὲ πρεσβύτεροι, παλαιοὶ ἐν ἡμέραις, καὶ δρᾶμα μοιχείας ἔπραξαν, καὶ οὔτε ἐκείνους ἡ πολιὰ ὠφέλησεν, οὔτε τοῦτον ἡ νεότης παρέβλαψε. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι οὐκ ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ γνώμῃ τὰ πράγματα τῆς σωφροσύνης κρίνεται, ὁ ∆αυῒδ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πολιᾷ ὢν, καὶ τότε εἰς μοιχείαν ἐμπεσὼν, φόνον εἰργάσατο, καὶ διέκειτο οὕτως ὥστε μὴ εἰδέναι αὐτὸν ὅτι ἥμαρτεν· ὁ γὰρ ἡνίοχος νοῦς ἦν μεθυσθεὶς ἀπὸ ἀκρασίας. Τί οὖν ὁ Θεός; Πέμπει πρὸς αὐτὸν Νάθαν τὸν προφήτην· ὁ προφήτης ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸν προφήτην· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἰατρῶν γίνεται· ὅταν ἰατρὸς ἀσθενήσῃ, ἄλλου ἰατροῦ ἐν χρείᾳ γίνεται. Τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ἐνταῦθα· προφήτης ἦν ὁ ἡμαρτηκὼς, καὶ προφήτης ἦν ὁ τὰ φάρμακα ἐπικομιζόμενος. Ἔρχεται οὖν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Νάθαν, καὶ οὐκ εὐθὺς ἀπὸ θυρῶν ἐλέγχει αὐτὸν καὶ 49.287 λέγει· Παράνομε καὶ ἐναγέστατε, μοιχὲ καὶ φονεῦ, τοσαύτας τιμὰς ἐδέξω παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ σὺ τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ κατεπάτησας; Οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον εἶπεν ὁ Νάθαν, ἵνα μὴ ἀναισχυντότερον αὐτὸν ἀπεργάσηται· δημοσιευόμενα γὰρ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα εἰς ἀναισχυντίαν προκαλεῖται τὸν ἡμαρτηκότα. Ἔρχεται οὖν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ δρᾶμα δίκης ὑφαίνει· καὶ τί φησι; Βασιλεῦ, δίκη μοί ἐστι πρὸς σέ. Ἦν τις πλούσιος καὶ ἦν τις πένης·