Chapter VII.—Of the Reasons Assigned by the Apostle for Bidding Women to Be Veiled.

Turn we next to the examination of the reasons themselves which lead the apostle to teach that the female ought to be veiled, (to see) whether the self-same (reasons) apply to virgins likewise; so that hence also the community of the name between virgins and not-virgins may be established, while the self-same causes which necessitate the veil are found to exist in each case.

If “the man is head of the woman,”25    1 Cor. xi. 3 sqq. of course (he is) of the virgin too, from whom comes the woman who has married; unless the virgin is a third generic class, some monstrosity with a head of its own.  If “it is shameful for a woman to be shaven or shorn,” of course it is so for a virgin.  (Hence let the world, the rival of God, see to it, if it asserts that close-cut hair is graceful to a virgin in like manner as that flowing hair is to a boy.)  To her, then, to whom it is equally unbecoming to be shaven or shorn, it is equally becoming to be covered.  If “the woman is the glory of the man,” how much more the virgin, who is a glory withal to herself!  If “the woman is of the man,” and “for the sake of the man,” that rib of Adam26    Gen. ii. 23. was first a virgin.  If “the woman ought to have power upon the head,”27    1 Cor. xi. 10. all the more justly ought the virgin, to whom pertains the essence of the cause (assigned for this assertion).  For if (it is) on account of the angels—those, to wit, whom we read of as having fallen from God and heaven on account of concupiscence after females—who can presume that it was bodies already defiled, and relics of human lust, which such angels yearned after, so as not rather to have been inflamed for virgins, whose bloom pleads an excuse for human lust likewise?  For thus does Scripture withal suggest:  “And it came to pass,” it says, “when men had begun to grow more numerous upon the earth, there were withal daughters born them; but the sons of God, having descried the daughters of men, that they were fair, took to themselves wives of all whom they elected.”28    Gen. vi. 1, 2.  For here the Greek name of women does seem to have the sense “wives,” inasmuch as mention is made of marriage.  When, then, it says “the daughters of men,” it manifestly purports virgins, who would be still reckoned as belonging to their parents—for wedded women are called their husbands’—whereas it could have said “the wives of men:”  in like manner not naming the angels adulterers, but husbands, while they take unwedded “daughters of men,” who it has above said were “born,” thus also signifying their virginity:  first, “born;” but here, wedded to angels.  Anything else I know not that they were except “born” and subsequently wedded.  So perilous a face, then, ought to be shaded, which has cast stumbling-stones even so far as heaven:  that, when standing in the presence of God, at whose bar it stands accused of the driving of the angels from their (native) confines, it may blush before the other angels as well; and may repress that former evil liberty of its head,—(a liberty) now to be exhibited not even before human eyes.  But even if they were females already contaminated whom those angels had desired, so much the more “on account of the angels” would it have been the duty of virgins to be veiled, as it would have been the more possible for virgins to have been the cause of the angels’ sinning.  If, moreover, the apostle further adds the prejudgment of “nature,” that redundancy of locks is an honour to a woman, because hair serves for a covering,29    1 Cor. xi. 14, 15. of course it is most of all to a virgin that this is a distinction; for their very adornment properly consists in this, that, by being massed together upon the crown, it wholly covers the very citadel of the head with an encirclement of hair.

CAPUT VII.

Convertamus ad ipsas jam rationes recensendas, per quas Apostolus docet velari foeminam oportere, an eaedem etiam virginibus competant: ut ex hoc quoque vocabuli communio inter virgines et non virgines constet, dum eaedem velaminis caussae in utraque parte deprehenduntur. Si caput mulieris vir est, utique et virginis, de qua sit mulier illa quae nupsit: nisi si virgo, tertium genus est monstruosum aliquod sui capitis. Si mulieri turpe est radi sive tonderi (I Cor. XI, 5), utique et virgini. Proinde viderit saeculum aemulum Dei, si ita virgini caesum 0898C capillum decori mentitur , quemadmodum et puero permissum. Ergo cui aeque non convenit radi sive tonderi, aeque convenit operiri. Si gloria 0899A viri est mulier, quanto magis virgo, quae et gloria sibi est! Si mulier ex viro et propter virum, costa illa Adae virgo primum fuit. Si mulier potestatem habere super caput debet, vel eo justius virgo, ad quam pertinet quod in caussa est. Si enim propter angelos (I Cor. XI, 8, 10), scilicet quos legimus a Deo et coelo excidisse ob concupiscentiam foeminarum; quis praesumere potest tales angelos, maculata jam corpora et humanae libidinis reliquias desiderasse, ut non ad virgines potius exarserint, quarum flos etiam humanam libidinem excusat? Nam et Scriptura sic suggerit: Et factum est, inquit, cum coepissent homines plures fieri super terram, et filiae natae sunt cis; conspicati autem filii Dei filias hominum, quod pulchrae essent, acceperunt sibi uxores ex omnibus 0899B quas elegerunt. Hic enim nomen mulierum graecum uxores sapit, quia de nuptiis mentio est. Cum ergo filias hominum dicit, manifeste virgines portendit, quae adhuc apud parentes deputarentur. Nam nuptae, maritorum nuncupantur, cum potuerit dixisse uxores hominum, aeque non adulteros nominans angelos, sed maritos, dum innuptas sumunt filias hominum, quas natas supra dixit, sic quoque virgines significavit supra natas. At hic angelis nuptas aliud eas nescio quam natas, et dehinc nuptas. Debet ergo adumbrari facies tam periculosa, quae usque ad coelum scandala jaculata est, ut cum Deo assistens, cui rea est angelorum exterminatorum, caeteris quoque angelis erubescat, et malam illam aliquando libertatem capitis sui comprimat, jam nec hominum oculis 0899C offerendam. Sed et si contaminatas jam foeminas angeli illi appetissent, tanto magis propter angelos velari debuissent, quanto magis propter virgines angeli deliquisse potuissent. Si autem et naturae praejudicium adjicit Apostolus, quod honor sit mulieris redundantia capillorum, quia coma pro operimento 0900A est; utique hoc maxime virginis insigne est, quarum et ornatus ipse proprie sic est, ut cumulata in verticem, ipsam capitis arcem ambitu crinium contegat.