Homily VIII.

Matt. II. 2.

“And when they were come into the house, they saw the young Child with Mary His mother.”328   [The entire verse is given in Field’s Greek text; the Homily covers verses 11–15.—R.]

How then saith Luke, that He was lying in the manger? Because at the birth indeed she presently laid Him there (for, as was not unlikely, in that large assemblage for the taxing, they could find no house; which Luke also signifies, by saying, “Because there was no room, she laid Him” there); but afterwards she took Him up, and held Him on her knees. For no sooner was she arrived at Bethlehem than she brought her pangs to an end,329   ὠδνα λυσεν. Comp. Acts. ii. 24.that thou mayest thence also learn the whole dispensation, and that these things were not done at random, or by chance, but that they all were in course of accomplishment, according to some Divine foreknowledge, and prophetic order.

But what was it that induced them to worship? For neither was the Virgin conspicuous, nor the house distinguished, nor was any other of the things which they saw apt to amaze or attract them. Yet they not only worship, but also “open their treasures,” and “offer gifts;” and gifts, not as to a man, but as to God. For the frankincense and the myrrh were a symbol of this. What then was their inducement? That which wrought upon them to set out from home and to come so long a journey; and this was both the star, and the illumination wrought of God in their mind, guiding them by little and little to the more perfect knowledge. For, surely, had it not been so, all that was in sight being ordinary, they would not have shown so great honor. Therefore none of the outward circumstances was great in that instance, but it was a manger, and a shed, and a mother in poor estate; to set before thine eyes, naked and bare, those wise men’s love of wisdom,330   φιλοσοφαν .and to prove to thee, that not as mere man they approached Him, but as a God, and Benefactor. Wherefore neither were they offended by ought of what they saw outwardly, but even worshipped, and brought gifts; gifts not only free from Judaical grossness, in that they sacrificed not sheep and calves, but also coming nigh to the self-devotion of the Church, for it was knowledge and obedience and love that they offered unto Him.

“And being warned of God in a dream that they should not return unto Herod, they departed into their own country another way.”331   Matt. ii. 12.

See from this also their faith, how they were not offended, but are docile, and considerate; neither are they troubled, nor reason with themselves, saying, “And yet, if this Child be great, and hath any might, what need of flight, and of a clandestine retreat? and wherefore can it be, that when we have come openly and with boldness, and have stood against so great a people, and against a king’s madness, the angel sends us out of the city as runaways and fugitives?” But none of these things did they either say or think. For this most especially belongs to faith, not to seek an account of what is enjoined, but merely to obey the commandments laid upon us.

2. “And when they were departed, behold, an angel appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise, and take the young Child and His mother, and flee into Egypt.”332   Matt. ii. 13.

There is something here worth inquiring into, both touching the magi, and touching the Child; for if even they were not troubled, but received all with faith, it is worthy of examination on our part, why they and the young Child are not preserved, continuing there, but they as fugitives go into Persia, He with His mother into Egypt. But what? should He have fallen into the hands of Herod, and having fallen, not have been cut off? Nay, He would not have been thought to have taken flesh upon Him; the greatness of the Economy would not have been believed.

For if, while these things are taking place, and many circumstances are being ordered mysteriously after the manner of men, some have dared to say that His assumption of our flesh333   [τ σαρκς.]is a fable; in what degree of impiety would they not have been wrecked had He done all in a manner becoming His Godhead, and according to His own power?

As to the wise men, He sends them off quickly, at once both commissioning them as teachers to the land of the Persians, and at the same time intercepting the madness of the king, that he might learn that he was attempting things impossible, and might quench his wrath, and desist from this his vain labor. For not alone openly to subdue His enemies, but also to deceive them with ease, is worthy of His power. Thus, for example, He deceived the Egyptians also in the case of the Jews, and having power to transfer their wealth openly into the hands of the Hebrews, He bids them do this secretly and with craft; and this surely, not less than the other miracles, made Him an object of terror to His enemies. At least, they of Ascalon, and all the rest, when they had taken the ark, and being smitten, did after that devise their countrymen not to fight, nor to set themselves against Him, with the other miracles brought this also forward, saying, “Wherefore harden ye your hearts, as Egypt and Pharaoh hardened? when He had mocked them, did He not after that send forth His people, and they departed?”334   1 Sam. vi. 6, LXX. Now this they said, as accounting this fresh one not inferior to those other signs that had been done openly, towards the demonstration of His power, and of His greatness. And the like ensued on this occasion too; a thing sufficient to astonish the tyrant. For consider what it was natural for Herod to feel, and how his very breath would be stopped, deceived as he was by the wise men, and thus laughed to scorn. For what, if he did not become better? It is not His fault, who marvellously ordered all this, but it is the excess of Herod’s madness, not yielding even to those things which had virtue335   [το δυναμνοι.]to have persuaded him, and deterred him from his wickedness, but going on still further, to receive a yet sharper punishment for folly so great.

3. But wherefore, it may be said, is the young Child sent into Egypt? In the first place, the evangelist himself hath mentioned the cause, saying, “That it might be fulfilled, Out of Egypt have I called my Son.” And at the same time beginnings of fair hopes were thenceforth proclaimed before to the world. That is, since Babylon and Egypt, most in the whole earth, were burnt up with the flame of ungodliness, He, signifying from the first that He means to correct and amend both, and inducing men hereby to expect His bounties in regard of the whole world likewise, sent to the one the wise men, the other He Himself visited with His mother.

And besides what I have said, there is another lesson also, which we are hereby taught, tending not slightly to true self-command in us. Of what kind then is it? To look from the beginning for temptations and plots. See, for instance, how this was the case even at once from His swaddling clothes. Thus you see at His birth, first a tyrant raging, then flight ensuing, and departure beyond the border; and for no crime His mother is exiled into the land of the barbarians: that thou, hearing these things (supposing thee thought worthy to minister to any spiritual matter, and then to see thyself suffering incurable ills, and enduring countless dangers), shouldest not be greatly troubled, nor say, “What can this be? yet surely I ought to be crowned and celebrated, and be glorious and illustrious for fulfilling the Lord’s commandment:” but that having this example, thou mightest bear all things nobly, knowing that this especially is the order of all things spiritual, to have everywhere temptations in the same lot with them. See at least how this is the case not only with regard to the mother of the young Child, but also of those barbarians; since they for their part retire secretly in the condition of fugitives; and she again, who had never passed over the threshold of her house, is commanded to undergo so long a journey of affliction, on account of this wonderful birth, and her spiritual travail.

And behold a wonder again. Palestine plots, and Egypt receives and preserves Him that is the object of the plots. For, as it appears, not only in the instance of the sons of the patriarch336   i.e., of Jacob.did types take place, but also in our Lord’s own case. In many instances, we are sure, His doings at that time were prophetic declarations of what was to happen afterwards; as, for example, in the matter of the ass and the colt.337   The received mystical interpretation of our Lord’s final entry into Jerusalem represented the ass as the type of the Jewish converts, and the colt, of the Gentile Church. See hereafter, Hom. LXVI., and comp. Origen on St. Matt. t. 16, 15; St. Amb. in Luc. lib. 9, 4–14; St. Just. Mart. Dial. cum. Tryph. c. 53. The interpretation to which St. Chrysostom points of the flight into Egypt, is probably the same with that of St. Hilary on this place. “Joseph is admonished by the angel to take the young child into Egypt: Egypt full of idols, and given to the worship of all kinds of portents for gods. Accordingly, after the persecution by the Jews, and the assent of that profane multitude to His murder, Christ passes over to the nations, sold as they were to the vainest superstitions. He leaves Jewry, and is carried into the world which knows Him not: while Bethlehem, i.e., Judæa, overflows with the blood of martyrs. As to Herod’s rage and his murdering the infants, it is the type of the Jewish people raging against the Christians, under the notion that by the slaughter of the blessed martyrs they may blot out Christ’s name from the faith and profession of all men.” p.613, ed. Ben. Paris, 1693.

4. Now the angel having thus appeared, talks not with Mary, but with Joseph; and what saith he? “Arise, and take the young Child and His mother.” Here, he saith not any more, “thy wife,” but “His mother.” For after that the birth had taken place, and the suspicion was done away, and the husband appeased, thenceforth the angel talks openly, calling neither child nor wife his, but “take the young Child and His mother, and flee into Egypt;” and he mentions the cause of the flight: “For Herod,” saith he, “will seek the young Child’s life.”

Joseph, when he had heard these things, was not offended, nether did he say, “The thing is hard to understand: Didst thou not say just now, that He should save His people?’ and now He saves not even Himself: but we must fly, and go far from home, and be a long time away: the facts are contrary to the promise.” Nay, none of these things doth he say (for the man was faithful): neither is he curious about the time of his return; and this though the angel had put it indefinitely thus: “Be thou there until I tell thee.” But nevertheless, not even at this did he shudder, but submits and obeys, undergoing all the trials with joy.

And this because God, who is full of love to man, did with these hardships mingle things pleasant also; which indeed is His way with regard to all the saints, making neither their dangers nor their refreshment continual, but weaving the life of all righteous men, out of both the one and the other. This very thing He did here also: for consider, Joseph saw the Virgin with child; this cast him into agitation and the utmost trouble, for he was suspecting the damsel of adultery. But straightway the angel was at hand to do away his suspicion, and remove his fears; and seeing the young child born, he reaped the greatest joy. Again, this joy no trifling danger succeeds, the city being troubled, and the king in his madness seeking after Him that was born. But this trouble was again succeeded by another joy; the star, and the adoration of the wise men. Again, after this pleasure, fear and danger; “For Herod,” saith he, “is seeking the young Child’s life,” and He must needs fly and withdraw Himself as any mortal might: the working of miracles not being seasonable as yet. For if from His earliest infancy He had shown forth wonders, He would not have been accounted a Man.

Because of this, let me add, neither is a temple framed at once; but a regular conception takes place, and a time of nine months, and pangs, and a delivery, and giving suck, and silence for so long a space, and He awaits the age proper to manhood; that by all means acceptance might be won for the mystery of His Economy.

“But wherefore then,” one may say, “were even these signs wrought at the beginning?” For His mother’s sake; for the sake of Joseph and of Simeon, who was presently to depart; for the sake of the shepherds and of the wise men; for the sake of the Jews. Since they, had they been willing to mind diligently what was taking place, would from this event also have reaped no small advantage in regard of what was to come.

But if the prophets do not mention what relates to the wise men, be not troubled; for they neither foretold all things, nor were they silent touching all. For as without any warning to see those things coming to pass, would naturally occasion much astonishment and trouble; so also to have been informed of all would dispose the hearer to sleep, and would have left nothing for the evangelists to add.

5. And if the Jews should raise a question touching the prophecy, and say, that the words, “Out of Egypt have I called my Son,” were uttered concerning themselves; we would tell them, This is a law of prophecy, that in many cases much that is spoken of one set of persons is fulfilled in another; of which kind is that which is said touching Simeon and Levi, “I will divide them,” saith He, “in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.”338   Gen. xlix. 7. And yet not in themselves did this come to pass, but in their descendants; and Noah’s saying again about Canaan, came to pass in the Gibeonites, Canaan’s descendants.339   Gen. ix. 25; Josh. ix. 27; 2 Chron. viii. 7–9. And that concerning Jacob one may see to have so come to pass; for those blessings which say, “Be lord over thy brother, and let thy father’s sons worship thee,”340   Gen. xxvii. 19.had no accomplishment in himself (how could they, he being in fear and trembling, and worshipping his brother over and over again?341   Gen. xxxiii. 3.), but in his offspring they had. The very same may be said in this case also. For which may be called the truer son of God, he that worships a calf, and is joined to Baalpeor342   [The reference is to Numb. xxv. 3. But as usual, the LXX. form of the name is cited: βεελφεγρ .—R.]and sacrifices his sons to devils? or He that is a Son by nature, and honors Him that begat Him? So that, except this man had come, the prophecy would not have received, its due fulfillment. It is worth observing, too, that the evangelist intimates the same by the phrase, “that it might be fulfilled;” implying that it would not have been fulfilled, unless He had come.

And this makes the Virgin also in no common degree glorious and distinguished; that the very thing which was the whole people’s special endowment in the way of praise, she also might thenceforth have for her own. I mean, that whereas they were proud of their coming up from Egypt, and used to boast of it (which indeed the prophet also was hinting at, when he said, “Have I not brought up the strangers from Cappadocia, and the Assyrians from the pit”343   Amos ix. 7. “The Philistines from Caphtor, and the Syrians from Kir,” Heb. [The LXX. has το λλοφλυ (here rendered “the strangers”) the usual term for designating “the Philistines.” Comp. 1 and 2 Samuel, passim (in LXX.).—R.]), He makes this pre-eminence belong to the Virgin likewise.

Rather, however, both the people and the patriarch, going down thither, and coming up thence, were together completing the type of this His return. Thus, as they went down to avoid death by famine, so He death by conspiracy. But whereas they on their arrival were for the time delivered from the famine, this man, when He had gone down, sanctified the whole land, by setting His foot thereon.

At least it is observable how, in the midst of His humiliations, the tokens of His Godhead are disclosed. Thus, first of all, the angel saying, “Flee into Egypt,” did not promise to journey with them, either in their descent or return; intimating that they have a great fellow-traveller, the Child that had been born; such an one as actually changed all things immediately on His appearing, and wrought so that His enemies should minister in many ways to this Economy. Thus magi and barbarians, leaving the superstition of their fathers, are come to worship: thus Augustus ministers to the birth at Bethlehem by the decree for the taxing; Egypt receives and preserves Him, driven from His home, and plotted against, and obtains a sort of first impulse towards her union unto Him; so that when in after-time she should hear Him preached by the apostles, she might have this at least to glory of, as having received Him first. And yet this privilege did belong unto Palestine alone; but the second proved more fervent than the first.

6. And now, shouldest thou come unto the desert of Egypt, thou wilt see this desert become better than any paradise, and ten thousand choirs of angels in human forms, and nations of martyrs, and companies of virgins, and all the devil’s tyranny put down, while Christ’s kingdom shines forth in its brightness. And the mother of poets, and wise men, and magicians,344   [σοφν κα μγων. The translator has rendered μγοι sometimes by “wise men,” and sometimes by τ μν κενων, i.e., those things taught by the heathen philosophers of Egypt.—R.]were but inventions of sottish old women, but the real philosophy, and worthy of heaven, is this, which was declared unto them by the fishermen. And for this very cause, together with their so great exactness in doctrine, they exhibit also by their life that extreme seriousness. For when they have stripped themselves of all that they have, and are crucified to the whole world, they urge their course on again yet farther, using the labor of their body for the nourishment of them that be in need. For neither, because they fast and watch, do they think it meet to be idle by day; but their nights they spend in the holy hymns and in vigils, and their days in prayers, and at the same time in laboring with their own hands imitating the zeal of the apostle.345   Acts xx. 34; 1 Thess. ii. 9. For if he when the whole world was looking unto him for the sake of nourishing them that were in need, both occupied a workshop, and practised a craft, and being thus employed did not so much as sleep by night; how much more, say they, is it meet that we, who have taken up our abode in the wilderness, and have nothing to do with the turmoils in the cities, should use the leisure of our quiet for spiritual labors!

Let us then be ashamed all of us, both they that are rich, and they that are poor, when those having nothing at all but a body only and hands, force their way on and strive eagerly to find thence a supply for the poor; while we, having endless stores within, touch not even our superfluities for these objects. What kind of plea shall we have then, I pray thee? and what sort of excuse?

Yet further consider, how of old these Egyptians were both avaricious, and gluttonous, together with their other vices. For there were the flesh-pots346   Ex. xvi. 3.which the Jews remember; there, the great tyranny of the belly. Nevertheless, having a willing mind, they changed: and having caught fire from Christ, they set off at once on their voyage towards heaven; and though more ardent than the rest of mankind, and more headstrong, both in anger, and in bodily pleasures, they imitate the incorporeal powers in meekness, and in the rest of that freedom from passions which pertains unto self-denial.

7. Now if any man hath been in the country, he knows what I say. But if he have never entered those tabernacles, let him call to mind him who even until now is in the mouths of all men,—him whom, after the apostles, Egypt brought forth,—the blessed and great Antony; and let him put it to himself, “This man, too, was born in the same country with Pharaoh; nevertheless he was not thereby damaged, but both had a divine vision vouchsafed him, and showed forth such a life as the laws of Christ require.” And this any man shall know perfectly, when he hath read the book that contains the history of that man’s life;347   In the works of St. Athanasius.in which also he will perceive much prophecy. I allude to his prediction about those infected with the errors of Arius, and his statement of the mischief that would arise from them; God even then having shown them to him, and sketched out before his eyes all that was coming. A thing which most especially (among the rest) serves to demonstrate the truth, that no person, belonging to the heresies without, hath such a man to mention. But, not to depend on us for this information, look earnestly into what is written in that book, and ye will learn all exactly, and thence be instructed in much self-denial.

And this advice I give, that we not merely peruse what is written there, but that we also emulate it, and make neither place, nor education, nor forefathers’ wickedness an excuse. For if we will take heed to ourselves, none of these things shall be an hindrance to us, since even Abraham had an ungodly father,348   Josh. xxiv. 2.but he inherited not his wickedness; and Hezekiah, Ahaz: yet nevertheless he became dear to God. And Joseph too when in the midst of Egypt, adorned himself with the crowns of temperance; and the Three Children no less in the midst of Babylon, and of the palace, when a table like those at Sybaris was set before them, showed the highest self-denial; and Moses also in Egypt, and Paul in the whole world; but nothing was to any one of these an hindrance in the race of virtue.

Let us then, bearing in mind all these things, put out of the way these our superfluous pleas and excuses, and apply ourselves to those toils which the cause of virtue requires. For thus shall we both attract to ourselves more favor from God, and persuade Him to assist us in our struggles, and we shall obtain the eternal blessings; unto which God grant that we may all attain, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and victory for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Ηʹ. Καὶ εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν, εἶδον τὸ παι δίον μετὰ Μαρίας τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ: καὶ πε σόντες προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ: καὶ ἀνοίξαντες τοὺς θησαυροὺς αὐτῶν προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ δῶ ρα, χρυσὸν, καὶ λίβανον, καὶ σμύρναν. αʹ. Πῶς οὖν φησιν ὁ Λουκᾶς, ὅτι ἐπὶ τῆς φάτνης κείμενον ἦν; Ὅτι τεκοῦσα μὲν εὐθέως αὐτὸ κατέκλινεν ἐκεῖ: ἅτε γὰρ πολλῶν συνιόντων διὰ τὴν ἀπογραφὴν, οὐκ ἦν οἰκίαν εὑρεῖν: ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Λουκᾶς ἐπισημαίνεται λέγων, ὅτι διὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι τόπον, ἀνέκλινεν αὐτόν. Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀνείλετο, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν γονάτων εἶχεν. Ὁμοῦ τε γὰρ ἐπέβη τῆς Βηθλεὲμ, καὶ τὰς ὠδῖνας ἔλυσεν: ἵνα μάθῃς κἀντεῦθεν τὴν οἰκονομίαν πᾶσαν, ἃ καὶ ὅτι οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ ὡς ἔτυχε ταῦτα ἐγίνετο, ἀλλὰ κατὰ πρόνοιάν τινα θείαν καὶ προφητείας ἀκολουθίαν ταῦτα πάντα ἐπληροῦτο. Ἀλλὰ τί τὸ πεῖσαν αὐτοὺς προσκυνῆσαι; Οὔτε γὰρ ἡ Παρθένος ἐπίσημος ἦν, οὔτε ἡ οἰκία περιφανὴς, οὔτε ἄλλο τι τῶν ὁρωμένων ἱκανὸν ἐκπλῆξαι καὶ ἐπισπάσασθαι. Οἱ δὲ οὐ μόνον προσκυνοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀνοίξαντες τοὺς θησαυροὺς αὐτῶν, δῶρα προσάγουσι, καὶ δῶρα, οὐχ ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ, ἀλλ' ὡς Θεῷ. Ὁ γὰρ λιβανωτὸς καὶ ἡ σμύρνα τούτου σύμβολον ἦν. Τί οὖν τὸ πεῖσαν αὐτούς; Τὸ παρασκευάσαν οἴκοθεν ἀναστῆναι καὶ τοσαύτην ἐλθεῖν ὁδόν: τοῦτο δὲ ἦν ὅ τε ἀστὴρ, καὶ ἡ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ γενομένη τῇ διανοίᾳ αὐτῶν ἔλλαμψις, κατὰ μικρὸν αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὴν τελειοτέραν ὁδηγοῦσα γνῶσιν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν, εἰ μὴ τοῦτο ἦν, τῶν φαινομένων εὐτελῶν ὄντων ἁπάντων, τοσαύτην ἐπεδείξαντο τιμήν. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲν τῶν αἰσθητῶν μέγα ἐκεῖ, ἀλλὰ φάτνη, καὶ καλύβη, καὶ μήτηρ πτωχή: ἵνα γυμνὴν τῶν μάγων ἴδῃς τὴν φιλοσοφίαν, καὶ μάθῃς ὅτι οὐχ ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ ψιλῷ, ἀλλ' ὡς Θεῷ προσῄεσαν καὶ εὐεργέτῃ. Διόπερ οὐδενὶ τῶν ὁρωμένων ἔξωθεν ἐσκανδαλίζοντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ προσεκύνουν καὶ δῶρα προσῆγον, τῆς μὲν Ἰουδαϊκῆς ἀπηλλαγμένα παχύτητος: οὐδὲ γὰρ πρόβατα καὶ μόσχους ἔθυσαν: τῆς δὲ ἐκκλησιαστικῆς ἐγγὺς ὄντα φιλοσοφίας: ἐπίγνωσιν γὰρ καὶ ὑπακοὴν καὶ ἀγάπην αὐτῷ προσῆγον. Χρηματισθέντες δὲ κατ' ὄναρ, μὴ ἀνακάμψαι πρὸς Ἡρώδην, δι' ἄλλης ὁδοῦ ἀνεχώρησαν εἰς τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν. Θέα κἀντεῦθεν τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν, πῶς οὐκ ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν, ἀλλ' εἰσὶν εὐήνιοι καὶ εὐγνώμονες, καὶ οὐ θορυβοῦνται, οὐδὲ διαλογίζονται πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς λέγοντες: Καὶ μὴν εἰ μέγα τὸ παιδίον ἐστὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ἔχει τινὰ ἰσχὺν, τίς χρεία φυγῆς καὶ λαθραίας ἀναχωρήσεως; καὶ τί δήποτε φανερῶς ἐλθόντας ἡμᾶς καὶ μετὰ παῤῥησίας, καὶ πρὸς δῆμον τοσοῦτον καὶ πρὸς βασιλέως μανίαν στάντας, ὡς δραπέτας καὶ φυγάδας ἐκπέμπει ὁ ἄγγελος τῆς πόλεως; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων οὔτε εἶπον, οὔτε ἐνενόησαν. Τοῦτο γὰρ μάλιστα πίστεως, τὸ μὴ ζητεῖν εὐθύνας τῶν προστεταγμένων, ἀλλὰ πείθεσθαι τοῖς ἐπιταττομένοις μόνον. Ἀναχωρησάντων δὲ αὐτῶν, ἰδοὺ ἄγγελος Κυρίου φαίνεται τῷ Ἰωσὴφ κατ' ὄναρ, λέγων: Ἐγερθεὶς παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ, καὶ φεῦγε εἰς Αἴγυπτον. Ἄξιον ἐνταῦθα διαπορῆσαι καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν μάγων, καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ παιδίου. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἐκεῖνοι μὴ ἐθορυβήθησαν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πίστεως πάντα ἐδέξαντο, ἡμᾶς ἄξιον ζητῆσαι, διατί μὴ παρόντες σώζονται ἐκεῖνοι καὶ τὸ παιδίον, ἀλλ' οἱ μὲν εἰς Περσίδα, τὸ δὲ εἰς Αἴγυπτον φυγαδεύεται μετὰ τῆς μητρός; Ἀλλὰ τί; ἔδει αὐτὸν ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τοῦ Ἡρώδου, καὶ ἐμπεσόντα μὴ κατακόπτεσθαι; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἐνομίσθη σάρκα ἀνειληφέναι: οὐκ ἂν ἐπιστεύθη τῆς οἰκονομίας τὸ μέγεθος. Εἰ γὰρ τούτων γινομένων, καὶ πολλῶν ἀνθρωπίνως οἰκονομουμένων, ἐτόλμησάν τινες εἰπεῖν ὅτι μῦθος ἡ τῆς σαρκὸς ἀνάληψις, ποῦ οὐκ ἂν ἐξέπεσον ἀσεβείας, εἰ πάντα θεοπρεπῶς καὶ κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ δύναμιν ἔπραττε; Τοὺς δὲ μάγους ἐκπέμπει ταχέως, ὁμοῦ μὲν διδασκάλους ἀποστέλλων τῇ Περσῶν χώρᾳ, ὁμοῦ δὲ ἐκκόπτων τοῦ τυράννου τὴν μανίαν, ἵνα μάθῃ ὅτι ἀνηνύτοις ἐπιχειρεῖ πράγμασι, καὶ τὸν θυμὸν σβέσῃ, καὶ τῆς ματαιοπονίας ἑαυτὸν ἀπαγάγῃ ταύτης. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τὸ μετὰ παῤῥησίας περιγίνεσθαι τῶν ἐχθρῶν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ μετ' εὐκολίας αὐτοὺς ἀπατᾷν, τῆς αὐτοῦ δυνάμεως ἄξιον. Οὕτω γοῦν καὶ τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους ἐπὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἠπάτησε, καὶ δυνάμενος φανερῶς τὸν ἐκείνων πλοῦτον εἰς τὰς τῶν Ἑβραίων μεταστῆσαι χεῖρας, λάθρα καὶ μετὰ ἀπάτης τοῦτο κελεύει ποιεῖν ὅπερ οὐκ ἔλαττον τῶν ἄλλων σημείων φοβερὸν αὐτὸν παρὰ τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἐποίησεν. βʹ. Οἱ γοῦν Ἀσκαλωνῖται καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ πάντες, ἡνίκα τὴν κιβωτὸν ἔλαβον, καὶ πληγέντες λοιπὸν παρῄνουν τοῖς οἰκείοις μὴ πολεμεῖν, μηδὲ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἵστασθαι, μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων θαυμάτων καὶ τοῦτο εἰς μέσον ἦγον λέγοντες: Ἵνα τί βαρύνετε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν, καθὼς ἐβάρυνεν Αἴγυπτος καὶ Φαραώ; οὐχ ὅτε ἐνέπαιξεν αὐτοῖς, τότε ἐξαπέστειλε τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπῆλθον; Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγον, τῶν ἄλλων σημείων τῶν φανερῶς γενομένων οὐκ ἔλαττον καὶ τοῦτο νομίζοντες εἶναι, εἰς τὴν τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς μεγαλωσύνης ἀπόδειξιν. Ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα γέγονεν, ἱκανὸν ἐκπλῆξαι τὸν τύραννον. Ἐννόησον γὰρ οἷα πάσχειν εἰκὸς ἦν τὸν Ἡρώδην, καὶ πῶς ἀποπνίγεσθαι, ἀπατηθέντα παρὰ τῶν μάγων καὶ οὕτω καταγελασθέντα. Τί γὰρ, εἰ μὴ γέγονε βελτίων; Οὐ τοῦ ταῦτα οἰκονομήσαντος ἔγκλημα, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐκείνου μανίας ἡ ὑπερβολὴ, μηδὲ τοῖς δυναμένοις αὐτὸν παραμυθήσασθαι καὶ ἀποστῆσαι τῆς πονηρίας εἴκοντος, ἀλλ' ἐπεξιόντος περαιτέρω, ἵνα καὶ χαλεπωτέραν δέξηται δίκην τῆς τοιαύτης ἀνοίας. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκέν φησιν, Εἰς Αἴγυπτον τὸ παιδίον πέμπεται; Μάλιστα μὲν καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς τὴν αἰτίαν εἴρηκεν: Ἵνα πληρωθῇ γὰρ, φησὶν, Ὅτι ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἐκάλεσα τὸν υἱόν μου: ἅμα δὲ καὶ χρηστῶν προοίμια λοιπὸν ἐλπίδων τῇ οἰκουμένῃ προανεφωνεῖτο. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ Βαβυλὼν καὶ Αἴγυπτος μάλιστα τῆς γῆς ἁπάσης τῇ φλογὶ τῆς ἀσεβείας ἦσαν ἐκκεκαυμέναι, ἐκ προοιμίων δεικνὺς ὅτι ἀμφοτέρας διορθώσεται καὶ βελτίους ποιήσει, καὶ πείθων διὰ τούτων καὶ περὶ τῆς ὅλης οἰκουμένης τὰ χρηστὰ προσδοκᾷν, τῇ μὲν τοὺς μάγους ἀπέστειλε, τῇ δὲ αὐτὸς ἐπέβη μετὰ τῆς μητρός. Πρὸς δὲ τοῖς εἰρημένοις καὶ ἕτερον ἐντεῦθεν παιδευόμεθα, οὐ μικρὸν εἰς φιλοσοφίαν ἡμῖν συντεῖνον. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Τὸ ἐκ προοιμίων πειρασμοὺς προσδοκᾷν καὶ ἐπιβουλάς. Ὅρα γοῦν ἀπὸ τῶν σπαργάνων εὐθέως τοῦτο γινόμενον. Καὶ γὰρ τεχθέντος αὐτοῦ, καὶ τύραννος μαίνεται, καὶ φυγὴ καὶ μετάστασις γίνεται πρὸς τὴν ὑπερορίαν, καὶ οὐδὲν ἀδικήσασα ἡ μήτηρ εἰς τὴν τῶν βαρβάρων φυγαδεύεται χώραν: ἵνα σὺ ταῦτα ἀκούων, ὅταν καταξιωθῇς διακονήσασθαί τινι πνευματικῷ πράγματι, εἶτα ἴδῃς σαυτὸν πάσχοντα τὰ ἀνήκεστα καὶ μυρίους ὑπομένοντα κινδύνους, μὴ διαταραχθῇς, μηδὲ εἴπῃς: Τί ποτε τοῦτό ἐστι; καὶ μὴν στεφανοῦσθαί με ἔδει καὶ ἀνακηρύττεσθαι, καὶ λαμπρὸν εἶναι καὶ περιφανῆ, πρόσταγμα πληροῦντα δεσποτικόν: ἀλλ' ἔχων τοῦτο τὸ ὑπόδειγμα, φέρῃς πάντα γενναίως, εἰδὼς ὅτι μάλιστα αὕτη τῶν πνευματικῶν ἡ ἀκολουθία ἐστὶ, τὸ πανταχοῦ πειρασμοὺς συγκεκληρωμένους ἔχειν. Ὅρα γοῦν οὐκ ἐπὶ τῆς μητρὸς καὶ τοῦ παιδίου τοῦτο γινόμενον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν βαρβάρων ἐκείνων. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι λάθρα ἀναχωροῦσιν ἐν τάξει φυγάδων: καὶ αὕτη πάλιν, οὐδέποτε τὴν οἰκίαν ὑπερβᾶσα, μακρὰν οὕτω ταλαιπωρίας ὁδὸν ὑπομένειν κελεύεται, διὰ τὸν θαυμαστὸν τοῦτον τόκον καὶ τὰς πνευματικὰς ὠδῖνας. Καὶ θέα τὸ παράδοξον πάλιν. Παλαιστίνη μὲν ἐπιβουλεύει, Αἴγυπτος δὲ ὑποδέχεται καὶ διασώζει τὸν ἐπιβουλευόμενον. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ μόνον ἐπὶ τῶν παίδων τοῦ πατριάρχου τύποι συνέβαινον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ Δεσπότου. Πολλὰ γοῦν διὰ τῶν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ γινομένων τότε προανεκηρύττετο τῶν ὕστερον συμβαίνειν μελλόντων: ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ὄνου καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ πώλου γέγονε. Φανεὶς τοίνυν ὁ ἄγγελος, οὐχὶ τῇ Μαρίᾳ, ἀλλὰ τῷ Ἰωσὴφ διαλέγεται: καὶ τί φησιν; Ἐγερθεὶς παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ. Ἐνταῦθα οὐκέτι λέγει, Τὴν γυναῖκά σου, ἀλλὰ, Τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ τόκος ἐξέβη, καὶ ἡ ὑποψία ἐλύθη, καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἐπιστώθη, μετὰ παῤῥησίας λοιπὸν διαλέγεται ὁ ἄγγελος, οὔτε παιδίον, οὔτε γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καλῶν: ἀλλὰ, Παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ: καὶ φεῦγε εἰς Αἴγυπτον: καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν λέγει τῆς φυγῆς: Μέλλει γὰρ ὁ Ἡρώδης, φησὶ, ζητεῖν τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ παιδίου. γʹ. Ταῦτα ἀκούσας ὁ Ἰωσὴφ οὐκ ἐσκανδαλίσθη, οὐδὲ εἶπεν: Αἴνιγμα τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστιν: οὐ πρώην ἔλεγες, ὅτι σώσει τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ; καὶ νῦν οὐδὲ ἑαυτὸν σώζει, ἀλλὰ φυγῆς ἡμῖν χρεία, καὶ ἀποδημίας, καὶ μακρᾶς μεταστάσεως: ἐναντία τῇ ὑποσχέσει τὰ γινόμενα. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων λέγει: πιστὸς γὰρ ἦν ὁ ἀνήρ: οὐδὲ περιεργάζεται τῆς ἐπανόδου τὸν χρόνον, καὶ ταῦτα τοῦ ἀγγέλου ἀδιορίστως αὐτὸν τεθεικότος: Ἕως γὰρ ἂν εἴπω σοι, ἴσθι ἐκεῖ. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲ πρὸς τοῦτο ἐνάρκησεν, ἀλλ' ὑπακούει καὶ πείθεται, πάντας μετὰ χαρᾶς τοὺς πειρασμοὺς ὑπομένων. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ φιλάνθρωπος Θεὸς τοῖς ἐπιπόνοις τούτοις καὶ ἡδέα ἀνέμιξεν: ὅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν ἁγίων ποιεῖ, οὔτε τοὺς κινδύνους, οὔτε τὰς ἀνέσεις συνεχεῖς τιθεὶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τούτων καὶ δι' ἐκείνων ὑφαίνων τὸν τῶν δικαίων βίον. Ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα πεποίηκε: σκόπει γάρ. Εἶδε κύουσαν τὴν Παρθένον: εἰς ταραχὴν αὐτὸν ἐνέβαλε τοῦτο, καὶ τὸν ἔσχατον θόρυβον: ἐπὶ μοιχείᾳ γὰρ τὴν κόρην ὑπώπτευεν: ἀλλ' εὐθέως ἐπέστη ὁ ἄγγελος, τήν τε ὑποψίαν λύων, καὶ τὸν φόβον ἀναιρῶν τοῦτον: καὶ τὸ παιδίον τεχθὲν ὁρῶν, χαρὰν ἐκαρπώσατο μεγίστην. Πάλιν τὴν χαρὰν ταύτην κίνδυνος οὐ μικρὸς διαδέχεται, τῆς πόλεως ταραττομένης, καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως μαινομένου, καὶ τὸν τεχθέντα ἐπιζητοῦντος. Ἀλλὰ τὸν θόρυβον τοῦτον ἑτέρα πάλιν διεδέξατο χαρά: ὁ ἀστὴρ, καὶ ἡ τῶν μάγων προσκύνησις. Πάλιν μετὰ τὴν ἡδονὴν ταύτην φόβος καὶ κίνδυνος: Ζητεῖ γὰρ, φησὶν, Ἡρώδης τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ παιδίου: καὶ δεῖ φυγεῖν καὶ μεθίστασθαι ἀνθρωπίνως. Θαυματουργεῖν γὰρ τέως οὐκ ἔδει. Εἰ γὰρ ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας θαύματα ἐπεδείξατο, οὐδ' ἂν ἐνομίσθη ἄνθρωπος εἶναι. Διά τοι τοῦτο οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς ναὸς πλάττεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ κύησις γίνεται, καὶ ἐννεαμηνιαῖος χρόνος, καὶ ὠδῖνες, καὶ τόκος, καὶ γαλακτοτροφία, καὶ διὰ παντὸς ἡσυχία τοῦ χρόνου, καὶ ἀναμένει τὴν ἀνδράσι πρέπουσαν ἡλικίαν: ἵνα διὰ πάντων εὐπαράδεκτον γένηται τῆς οἰκονομίας τὸ μυστήριον. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν καὶ ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα ἐγένετο, φησὶν, ἐξ ἀρχῆς; Διὰ τὴν μητέρα, διὰ τὸν Ἰωσὴφ, διὰ τὸν Συμεὼν μέλλοντα ἀπιέναι λοιπὸν, διὰ τοὺς ποιμένας, διὰ τοὺς μάγους, διὰ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους. Εἰ γὰρ ἐβούλοντο προσέχειν μετὰ ἀκριβείας τοῖς γινομένοις, οὐ μικρὰ καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἂν πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα ἐκαρπώσαντο. Εἰ δὲ μὴ λέγουσιν οἱ Προφῆται τὰ περὶ τῶν μάγων, μὴ θορυβηθῇς: οὔτε γὰρ πάντα προεῖπον, οὔτε πάντα ἐσιώπησαν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ μηδὲν ἀκούσαντας ἰδεῖν παραγινόμενα τὰ πράγματα, πολλὴν ἐποίει τὴν ἔκπληξιν καὶ τὸν θόρυβον: οὕτω καὶ τὸ πάντα μαθεῖν καθεύδειν παρεσκεύαζε τὸν ἀκροατὴν, καὶ τοῖς εὐαγγελισταῖς οὐδὲν ἠφίει πλέον. Εἰ δὲ περὶ τῆς προφητείας ἀμφιβάλλοιεν Ἰουδαῖοι λέγοντες, τὸ, Ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἐκάλεσα τὸν υἱόν μου, ἐπ' αὐτῶν εἰρῆσθαι: εἴποιμεν ἂν πρὸς αὐτοὺς, ὅτι καὶ οὗτος προφητείας νόμος, τὸ πολλὰ πολλάκις λέγεσθαι μὲν ἐπ' ἄλλων, πληροῦσθαι δὲ ἐφ' ἑτέρων, οἷον τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ Συμεὼν καὶ Λευῒ εἰρημένον ἐστί: Διαμεριῶ γὰρ αὐτοὺς, φησὶν, ἐν Ἰακὼβ, καὶ διασπερῶ αὐτοὺς ἐν Ἰσραήλ. Καίτοιγε οὐκ ἐπ' αὐτῶν τοῦτο γέγονεν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῶν ἐγγόνων: καὶ τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ Χαναὰν δὲ παρὰ τοῦ Νῶε λεχθὲν, εἰς τοὺς Γαβαωνίτας τοὺς ἐγγόνους τοῦ Χαναὰν ἐξέβη. Καὶ τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰακὼβ οὕτως ἴδοι τις ἂν συμβάν: αἱ γὰρ εὐλογίαι ἐκεῖναι αἱ λέγουσαι, Γίνου Κύριος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, καὶ προσκυνησάτωσάν σε οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρός σου, οὐκ ἐπ' αὐτοῦ τέλος ἔσχον, (πῶς γὰρ, τοῦ δεδοικότος καὶ τρέμοντος, καὶ μυριάκις αὐτὸν προσκυνοῦντος;) ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῶν ἐγγόνων τῶν αὐτοῦ. Ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα εἴποι τις ἄν. Τίς γὰρ ἀληθέστερος Υἱὸς Θεοῦ λεχθείη; ὁ μόσχον προσκυνῶν, καὶ τῷ Βεελφεγὼρ τελούμενος, καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς θύων τοῖς δαιμονίοις, ἢ ὁ φύσει Υἱὸς, καὶ τὸν γεγεννηκότα τιμῶν; Ὥστε εἰ μὴ παρεγένετο οὗτος, οὐκ ἂν ἡ προφητεία τέλος ἔλαβε τὸ προσῆκον. δʹ. Ὅρα γοῦν πῶς αὐτὸ καὶ ὁ Εὐαγγελιστὴς αἰνίττεται λέγων, Ἵνα πληρωθῇ, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐκ ἂν ἐπληρώθη, εἰ μὴ παραγέγονεν. Οὐχ ὡς ἔτυχε δὲ καὶ τὴν Παρθένον λαμπρὰν τοῦτο ποιεῖ καὶ περιφανῆ. Ὅπερ γὰρ εἶχεν ὁ δῆμος ἅπας ἐν ἐγκωμίου τάξει, τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὴ λοιπὸν ἔχειν ἠδύνατο. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ μέγα ἐφρόνουν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀνελθεῖν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, καὶ ἐκόμπαζον. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Προφήτης αἰνιττόμενος ἔλεγεν: Οὐχὶ τοὺς ἀλλοφύλους ἀνήγαγον ἐκ Καππαδοκίας, καὶ τοὺς Ἀσσυρίους ἐκ βόθρου; Ποιεῖ καὶ τῆς Παρθένου τὸ προτέρημα τοῦτο. Μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ὁ λαὸς καὶ ὁ πατριάρχης καταβάντες ἐκεῖ καὶ ἀναβάντες ἐκεῖθεν, τὸν τῆς ἀνόδου ταύτης τύπον ἐπλήρουν. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι θάνατον φεύγοντες τὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ λιμοῦ, κατῄεσαν: καὶ οὗτος θάνατον τὸν ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι μὲν κατελθόντες, τοῦ λιμοῦ τότε ἀπηλλάγησαν: οὗτος δὲ καταβὰς, τὴν χώραν πᾶσαν διὰ τῆς ἐπιβάσεως ἡγίασε. Σκόπει γοῦν πῶς μεταξὺ τῶν ταπεινῶν καὶ τὰ τῆς θεότητος ἐκκαλύπτεται. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ ἄγγελος εἰπὼν, Φεῦγε εἰς Αἴγυπτον, οὐκ ἐπηγγείλατο αὐτοῖς συνοδοιπορεῖν, οὔτε κατιοῦσιν, οὔτε ἀνιοῦσιν, αἰνιττόμενος ὅτι μέγαν ἔχουσι συνοδοιπόρον, τὸ τεχθὲν παιδίον: ὃς καὶ τὰ πράγματα πάντα μετέβαλεν ὁμοῦ φανεὶς, καὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς παρεσκεύασε πολλὰ πρὸς τὴν οἰκονομίαν διακονήσασθαι ταύτην. Καὶ γὰρ μάγοι καὶ βάρβαροι τὴν πατρῴαν δεισιδαιμονίαν ἀφέντες, ἔρχονται προσκυνήσοντες: καὶ ὁ Αὔγουστος ὑπηρετεῖται τῷ ἐν Βηθλεὲμ τόκῳ, διὰ τοῦ προστάγματος τῆς ἀπογραφῆς: ἡ Αἴγυπτος διασώζει δεξαμένη φεύγοντα καὶ ἐπιβουλευόμενον, καὶ λαμβάνει τινὰ τῆς πρὸς αὐτὸν οἰκειώσεως ἀφορμήν: ἵν' ὅταν μέλλῃ κηρυττόμενον αὐτὸν ἀκούειν παρὰ τῶν Ἀποστόλων, καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ καλλωπίζηται, ἅτε αὐτὸν δεξαμένη πρώτη. Καὶ μὴν τῆς Παλαιστίνης ἦν τὸ προτέρημα τοῦτο μόνης: ἀλλ' αὕτη θερμοτέρα ἐκείνης γέγονε. Καὶ νῦν ἐλθὼν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον τῆς Αἰγύπτου, παραδείσου παντὸς βελτίω τὴν ἔρημον ταύτην ὄψει γεγενημένην, καὶ χοροὺς ἀγγέλων μυρίους ἐν ἀνθρωπίνοις σχήμασι, καὶ δήμους μαρτύρων, καὶ συλλόγους παρθένων: καὶ πᾶσαν μὲν τοῦ διαβόλου τὴν τυραννίδα καταλελυμένην, τὴν δὲ τοῦ Χριστοῦ βασιλείαν διαλάμπουσαν. Καὶ τὴν ποιητῶν καὶ σοφῶν καὶ μάγων μητέρα, καὶ τὴν πᾶν εἶδος μαγγανείας εὑροῦσαν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις διαδοῦσαν, ταύτην ὄψει νῦν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁλιεῦσι καλλωπιζομένην, καὶ ἐκείνων μὲν καταφρονοῦσαν ἁπάντων, τὸν δὲ τελώνην καὶ σκηνοποιὸν πανταχοῦ περιφέρουσαν, καὶ τὸν σταυρὸν προβαλλομένην. Καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι μόνον τὰ ἀγαθὰ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἐρήμοις μᾶλλον ἢ ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι. Καὶ γὰρ ἔστιν ἰδεῖν πανταχοῦ τῆς χώρας ἐκείνης τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὸ στρατόπεδον, καὶ τὴν βασιλικὴν ἀγέλην, καὶ τὴν τῶν ἄνω δυνάμεων πολιτείαν: καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ ἐπ' ἀνδράσι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν γυναικείᾳ φύσει κρατοῦντα εὕροι τις ἄν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐκεῖναι οὐχ ἧττον ἀνδρῶν φιλοσοφοῦσιν, οὐκ ἀσπίδα λαμβάνουσαι καὶ ἀναβαίνουσαι ἵππον, καθάπερ οἱ σεμνοὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων κελεύουσι νομοθέται καὶ φιλόσοφοι, ἀλλ' ἑτέραν πολὺ χαλεπωτέραν ἀναδεχόμεναι μάχην. Κοινὸς γὰρ αὐταῖς καὶ ἀνδράσιν ὁ πόλεμος πρὸς τὸν διάβολον καὶ τὰς ἐξουσίας: καὶ οὐδαμοῦ τὸ τῆς φύσεως ἁπαλὸν ἐμπόδιον γίνεται ταῖς τοιαύταις συμβολαῖς: οὐ γὰρ σωμάτων φύσει, ἀλλὰ ψυχῆς προαιρέσει ταῦτα κρίνεται τὰ παλαίσματα. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ γυναῖκες ἀνδρῶν μᾶλλον ἠγωνίσαντο πολλάκις, καὶ φαιδρότερα τρόπαια ἔστησαν. Οὐχ οὕτως ἐστὶ λαμπρὸς ὁ οὐρανὸς τῷ ποικίλῳ τῶν ἄστρων χορῷ, ὡς ἡ ἔρημος Αἰγύπτου, τὰς σκηνὰς πανταχόθεν ἡμῖν δεικνύουσα τῶν μοναχῶν. εʹ. Εἴ τις τὴν παλαιὰν Αἴγυπτον ἐκείνην, τὴν θεομάχον καὶ μαινομένην, τὴν τῶν αἰλούρων δούλην, τὴν κρόμμυα δεδοικυῖαν καὶ τρέμουσαν οἶδεν, οὗτος εἴσεται καλῶς τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὴν ἰσχύν. Μᾶλλον δὲ οὐ χρεία ἡμῖν παλαιῶν διηγημάτων: ἔτι γὰρ καὶ νῦν τῆς ἀνοήτου ἐκείνης λείψανα μένει πρὸς ἀπόδειξιν τῆς προτέρας μανίας. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὗτοι οἱ τὸ παλαιὸν πάντες πρὸς τοσαύτην ἀποῤῥαγέντες μανίαν, περὶ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῶν ὑπὲρ οὐρανὸν φιλοσοφοῦσι πραγμάτων, καὶ καταγελῶσι τῶν πατρῴων ἐθῶν, καὶ τοὺς προγόνους ταλανίζουσι, καὶ τῶν φιλοσόφων οὐδένα ποιοῦνται λόγον. Ἔμαθον γὰρ διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων αὐτῶν, ὅτι τὰ μὲν ἐκείνων γραϊδίων μεθυόντων ἐστὶν εὑρέματα, ἡ δὲ ὄντως φιλοσοφία καὶ τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀξία αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ διὰ τῶν ἁλιέων αὐτοῖς καταγγελθεῖσα. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο μετὰ τῆς τοσαύτης ἀκριβείας τῶν δογμάτων, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου πολλὴν ἐνδείκνυνται σπουδήν. Τὰ γὰρ ὄντα ἀποδυσάμενοι πάντα, καὶ τῷ κόσμῳ σταυρωθέντες παντὶ, καὶ περαιτέρω πάλιν ἐλαύνουσι, τῇ τοῦ σώματος ἐργασίᾳ πρὸς τὴν τῶν δεομένων ἀποχρώμενοι τροφήν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπειδὴ νηστεύουσι καὶ ἀγρυπνοῦσιν, ἀργεῖν μεθ' ἡμέραν ἀξιοῦσιν: ἀλλὰ τὰς μὲν νύκτας τοῖς ἱεροῖς ὕμνοις καὶ ταῖς παννυχίσι, τὰς δὲ ἡμέρας εἰς εὐχάς τε ὁμοῦ καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν χειρῶν ἐργασίαν καταναλίσκουσι, τὸν ἀποστολικὸν μιμούμενοι ζῆλον. Εἰ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος, τῆς οἰκουμένης πρὸς αὐτὸν βλεπούσης, ἵνα τοὺς δεομένους διατρέφῃ, καὶ ἐργαστήριον κατέλαβε, καὶ τέχνην μετεχείρισε, καὶ οὐδὲ τὰς νύκτας ἐκάθευδε τοῦτο ποιῶν: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς, φησὶ, τοὺς ἔρημον κατειληφότας, καὶ οὐδὲν κοινὸν πρὸς τοὺς ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι θορύβους ἔχοντας, τῇ τῆς ἡσυχίας σχολῇ εἰς ἐργασίαν πνευματικὴν καταχρήσασθαι δίκαιον. Αἰσχυνώμεθα τοίνυν ἅπαντες, καὶ οἱ πλουτοῦντες καὶ οἱ πενόμενοι, ὅταν ἐκεῖνοι μὲν μηδὲν ὅλως ἔχοντες, ἀλλ' ἢ σῶμα μόνον καὶ χεῖρας, βιάζωνται καὶ φιλονεικῶσι πρόσοδον τοῖς δεομένοις ἐντεῦθεν εὑρεῖν: ἡμεῖς δὲ, μυρίων ἔνδον ἀποκειμένων, μηδὲ τῶν περιττῶν εἰς ταῦτα ἁπτώμεθα. Ποίαν οὖν ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν, εἰπέ μοι; τίνα δὲ συγγνώμην; Καίτοιγε ἐννόησον, πῶς τὸ παλαιὸν ἦσαν οὗτοι καὶ φιλοχρήματοι, καὶ γαστρίμαργοι, μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων κακῶν. Ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἦσαν οἱ λέβητες τῶν κρεῶν, ὧν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι μέμνηνται: ἐκεῖ ἡ πολλὴ τῆς γαστρὸς τυραννίς: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐπειδὴ ἐβουλήθησαν, μετεβάλοντο, καὶ τὸ πῦρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ δεξάμενοι, πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀθρόον μεθωρμίσαντο: καὶ θερμότεροι τῶν ἄλλων ὄντες, καὶ πρὸς ὀργὴν καὶ πρὸς ἡδονὴν σωμάτων προπετέστεροι, τὰς ἀσωμάτους δυνάμεις τῇ ἐπιεικείᾳ καὶ τῇ λοιπῇ τῆς φιλοσοφίας ἀπαθείᾳ μιμοῦνται. Καὶ εἴ τις ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ γέγονεν, οἶδεν ἃ λέγω. Εἰ δέ τις οὐδέποτε ἐπέβη τῶν σκηνῶν ἐκείνων, ἐννοείτω τὸν μέχρι νῦν ἐν τοῖς ἁπάντων στόμασιν ὄντα, ὃν μετὰ τοὺς Ἀποστόλους ἡ Αἴγυπτος ἤνεγκε, τὸν μακάριον καὶ μέγαν Ἀντώνιον, καὶ λογιζέσθω ὅτι καὶ οὗτος ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ χώρᾳ γέγονεν, ἐν ᾗ καὶ Φαραώ: ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲν παρεβλάβη, ἀλλὰ καὶ θείας ὄψεως κατηξιώθη, καὶ τοιοῦτον ἐπεδείξατο βίον, οἷον οἱ τοῦ Χριστοῦ νόμοι ζητοῦσι. Καὶ τοῦτο εἴσεταί τις μετὰ ἀκριβείας, ἐντυχὼν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῷ τὴν ἱστορίαν ἔχοντι τῆς ἐκείνου ζωῆς, ἐν ᾧ καὶ πολλὴν ὄψεται τὴν προφητείαν. Καὶ γὰρ περὶ τῶν τὰ Ἀρείου νοσούντων προανεφώνησέ τε καὶ εἶπε τὴν ἐξ ἐκείνων μέλλουσαν γίνεσθαι βλάβην, τοῦ Θεοῦ δείξαντος αὐτῷ τότε, καὶ πρὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τὰ μέλλοντα ὑπογράψαντος ἅπαντα: ὃ δὴ μάλιστα μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων τῆς ἀληθείας ἐστὶν ἀπόδειξις, τὸ μηδένα τῶν ἔξωθεν αἱρέσεων ἄνδρα τοιοῦτον ἔχειν. Ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ παρ' ἡμῶν ταῦτα ἀκούσητε, τοῖς γράμμασιν ἐγκύψαντες τοῖς τοῦ βιβλίου, πάντα μαθήσεσθε μετὰ ἀκριβείας, καὶ πολλὴν παιδευθήσεσθε τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ἐκεῖθεν. Τοῦτο δὲ παρακαλῶ, οὐχ ἵνα ἐπέλθωμεν τὰ γεγραμμένα μόνον, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ ζηλώσωμεν, καὶ μήτε χώραν, μήτε ἀνατροφὴν, μήτε προγόνων πονηρίαν προβαλλώμεθα. Ἂν γὰρ θέλωμεν ἑαυτοῖς προσέχειν, οὐδὲν τούτων ἡμῖν ἔσται κώλυμα. Ἐπεὶ καὶ Ἀβραὰμ ἀσεβῆ πατέρα ἔσχεν, ἀλλ' οὐ διεδέξατο τὴν παρανομίαν: καὶ ὁ Ἐζεκίας τὸν Ἄχαζ, ἀλλ' ὅμως οὗτος φίλος τῷ Θεῷ ἐγένετο: καὶ ὁ Ἰωσὴφ δὲ ἐν μέσῃ τότε Αἰγύπτῳ τοὺς τῆς σωφροσύνης ἀνεδήσατο στεφάνους: καὶ οἱ παῖδες δὲ οἱ τρεῖς ἐν Βαβυλῶνι μέσῃ, καὶ ἐν οἰκίᾳ μέσῃ, Συβαριτικῆς παρακειμένης τραπέζης, τὴν ἄκραν ἐπεδείξαντο φιλοσοφίαν: καὶ Μωϋσῆς δὲ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῇ οἰκουμένῃ: καὶ οὐδὲν οὐδενὶ τούτων ἐγένετο κώλυμα πρὸς τὸν τῆς ἀρετῆς δρόμον. Ταῦτ' οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς πάντα ἐννοοῦντες, τὰς μὲν περιττὰς ταύτας σκήψεις καὶ προφάσεις ἐκ μέσου ποιησώμεθα, τῶν δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱδρώτων ἁψώμεθα. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τὸν Θεὸν ἐπὶ μείζονα ἐπισπασόμεθα εὔνοιαν, καὶ πείσομεν συνεφάψασθαι τῶν ἀγώνων ἡμῖν, καὶ τῶν αἰωνίων ἀπολαύσομεν ἀγαθῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.