of the people of the Jews, and servant of God, he ascends to the highest knowledge of God; but the people are prevented from approaching, lest they die. For to the worldly and carnal the higher contemplation is dangerous, but also to the impure priests; For let them be sanctified, he says, lest the Lord depart from them; that is, destroy, or even withdraw because of their impurity. But when Moses descended and testified to the people; for the law speaks to the Jews condescendingly and, as it were, earthly and bodily; Aaron also ascends with him, at God's command. For the Mosaic law, as holy, first approaches God, but afterward also the evangelical, as most holy, and they are joined together according to God, that is, according to spiritual contemplation; for they are in harmony at least in what is spiritually contemplated. But the rest of the priestly class is prevented from ascending to the summit of the mountain. For to those who still perform worship in shadows it is not given by God, to be led up to the height of doctrines, but it is reserved for the worshipers of God in spirit and in truth. For to you, he says, it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given. Moses, leaving the plain, and coming to the foot of the mountain, ascended it, and passing through the cloud, saw and experienced the brightness of God. Allegorically, the plain is the virtuous life; for it is easy for everyone. The foothills of the mountain are practical virtue, and accessible to the more courageous, through which we are led by the hand to the height of contemplation. The mountain is the conspicuous and summit of contemplative virtue, which is accessible to the perfect and to them alone. But not even having arrived there, was he able to obtain what was desired; for the cloud was an impediment, that is, the thickness of the flesh. And having passed through and, as it were, gone beyond by inclinations toward God, he both saw the glory of God, having learned unspeakable words, and experienced his face being made radiant, so as to need a veil, before the people. For the words written by him have for a veil the corpo 77.1200 ral knowledge; but for brightness, the things that refer to Christ. The passage through the sea on dry land, the striking of the waters with a rod, the pillar of the cloud and of the fire, and all such things the Jews understand bodily. But when the veil is taken away, being unable to look intently at the brightness of the truth, they fall down; unless one might be an Aaron, consecrated by the anointing of baptism, and dedicated to the worship of God. The law has given the Sabbath, that your beast of burden, he says, and your child may rest. Both of these allude to the body. For this is the beast of burden of the practical mind, forced to carry for it the actions, and it is the child of the contemplative mind, rationally serving its commands. And for this mind and for that, the Sabbath is the end of the good things worked by them according to both practice and contemplation, providing a fitting rest for each. A mystical Sabbath is a perfect inactivity of the passions, accomplished through practical philosophy. A Sabbath is freedom of a rational soul that has cast off even its natural activity toward sensible things, through natural contemplation in the spirit. A Sabbath of Sabbaths is the spiritual tranquility of a soul that has drawn in its mind even from all the more divine principles in existing things, and bound it wholly to God alone in loving ecstasy, and made it completely immovable from Him through mystical theology. He who gathered wood on the Sabbath, God commanded to be stoned. For since wood is food for perceptible fire, and sin is food for eternal fire; one who has come into the cessation of evil works, through divine baptism or repentance, and in this state the sins
τοῦ λαοῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ θεράποντα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἄνεισιν οὗτος ἐπὶ τὴν ὑψηλοτάτην θεογνωσίαν· ὁ δὲ λαὸς εἴργεται ἐγγίζειν, ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνῃ. Τοῖς γὰρ κοσμικοῖς καὶ φιλοσάρκοις ἐπικίνδυνος ἡ ὑψηλοτέρα θεωρία, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἀνάγνοις ἱερεῦσιν· Ἁγιασθήτωσαν γὰρ, φησὶ, μήποτε ἀπαλλάξῃ ἀπ' αὐτῶν ὁ Κύριος· τοῦτ' ἔστιν, ἀνέλῃ, ἢ καὶ ἀπαναχωρήσῃ διὰ τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν αὐτῶν. Καταβάντος δὲ Μωσέως καὶ διαμαρτυραμένου τῷ λαῷ· συγκαταβατικῶς γὰρ καὶ οἱονεὶ γεωδῶς καὶ σωματικῶς ὁ νόμος Ἰουδαίοις διαλέγεται· συνάνεισιν αὐτῷ καὶ Ἀαρὼν, τοῦ Θεοῦ κελεύσαντος. Ἐγγίζει γὰρ τῷ Θεῷ πρότερος ὁ Μωσαϊκὸς νόμος ὡς ἅγιος, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελικὸς, ὡς ἱερώτατος, καὶ συζεύγνυνται κατὰ Θεὸν, ἤτοι κατὰ τὴν πνευματικὴν θεωρίαν· συνᾴδουσι γὰρ κατά γε τὸ πνευματικῶς θεωρούμενον. Κωλύεται δὲ τὸ λοιπὸν ἱερατικὸν γένος ἀνελθεῖν εἰς τὴν κορυφὴν τοῦ ὄρους. Τοῖς γὰρ ἔτι τὴν ἐν σκιαῖς τελοῦσι λατρείαν οὐ δίδοται παρὰ Θεοῦ, τὸ πρὸς ὕψος ἀνάγεσθαι δογμάτων, τετήρηται δὲ τοῖς ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ λατρευταῖς τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ὑμῖν γὰρ, φησὶ, δέδοται γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἐκείνοις δὲ οὐ δέδοται. Ὁ Μωσῆς ἀφεὶς τὴν πεδιάδα, καὶ περὶ τοὺς πρό ποδας τοῦ ὄρους γενόμενος, ἀνῆλθεν εἰς αὐτὸ, καὶ διασχὼν τὴν νεφέλην, λαμπρότητα Θεοῦ εἶδε καὶ ἔπαθε. Πεδιὰς ἀναγωγικῶς ὁ ἐνάρετος βίος· παντὶ γὰρ ῥᾴδιος. Πρόποδες δὲ τοῦ ὄρους ἡ πρακτικὴ ἀρετὴ, καὶ τοῖς ἀνδρειοτέροις εὐεπιχείρητος, δι' ἧς ἐπὶ τὸ τῆς θεωρίας ὕψος χειραγωγούμεθα. Ὄρος δὲ τὸ περίοπτον καὶ κορυφαῖον τῆς θεωρητικῆς ἀρετῆς, ὃ τοῖς τελείοις καὶ μόνοις βάσιμον. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα γενόμενος, ἴσχυσε τοῦ ποθουμένου τυχεῖν· ἐνεπόδιζε γὰρ ἡ νεφέλη, τοῦτ' ἔστι, τὸ πάχος τῆς σαρκός. Καὶ διασχὼν καὶ οἷον ὑπερβὰς ταῖς πρὸς Θεὸν νεύσεσιν, εἶδέ τε δόξαν Θεοῦ, λόγους ἀποῤῥήτους μαθὼν, καὶ πέπονθε λαμπρυνθεὶς τὸ πρόσωπον, ὡς ἐπικαλύμματος δεῖσθαι, πρὸς τὸν λαόν. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ συγγραφέντες αὐτῷ λόγοι κάλυμμα μὲν ἔχουσι τὴν σωμα 77.1200 τικὴν γνῶσιν· λαμπρότητα δὲ, τὰ εἰς Χριστὸν ἀναγόμενα. Τὴν διὰ ξηρᾶς ἐν θαλάσσῃ διόδον, τὴν διὰ ῥάβδου τῶν ὑδάτων πληγὴν, τὸν στύλον τῆς νεφέλης καὶ τοῦ πυρὸς, καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἅπαντα σωματικῶς μὲν νοοῦσιν Ἰουδαῖοι. Τοῦ δὲ περικαλύμματος ἀφαιρουμένου, τῇ λαμπρότητι τῆς ἀληθείας ἐντρανίζειν οὐ σθένοντες καταπίπτουσιν· εἰ μή τις Ἀαρὼν εἴη τῷ χρίσματι τοῦ βαπτίσματος ἱερωμένος, καὶ πρὸς λατρείαν τῷ Θεῷ ἀνακείμενος. Ὁ νόμος τὸ Σάββατον δέδωκεν, ἵνα ἀναπαύση ται, φησὶ, τὸ ὑποζύγιόν σου καὶ ὁ παῖς σου. Ἀμφότερα δὲ ταῦτα τὸ σῶμα αἰνίττονται. Τοῦτο γὰρ τοῦ μὲν πρακτικοῦ νοὸς ὑποζύγιόν ἐστιν, ἀχθοφορεῖν αὐτῷ τὰς πράξεις ἀναγκαζόμενον, τοῦ δὲ θεωρητικοῦ νοὸς παῖς ἐστι, λογικῶς ὑπηρετούμενον ταῖς ἐπιταγαῖς αὐτοῦ. Καὶ τούτῳ δὲ τῷ νοῒ κἀκείνῳ Σάββατόν ἐστι τὸ πέρας τῶν ἐνεργουμένων αὐτοῖς καλῶν κατά τε πρᾶξιν καὶ θεωρίαν, τὴν πρόσφορον ἀνάπαυσιν ἑκάστῳ παρέχον. Σάββατόν ἐστι μυστικὸν ἀπραξία παθῶν τελεία, διὰ τῆς πρακτικῆς φιλοσοφίας κατορθωθεῖσα. Σάββατόν ἐστιν ἐλευθερία ψυχῆς λογικῆς καὶ αὐτὴν ἀποβαλούσης τὴν πρὸς τὰ αἰσθητὰ φυσικὴν ἐνέργειαν, διὰ τῆς ἐν πνεύματι φυσικῆς θεωρίας. Σάββατα Σαββάτων ἐστὶν ἠρεμία πνευματικὴ ψυχῆς, τὸν νοῦν συστειλάσης, καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῶν πάντων τῶν ἐν τοῖς οὖσι θειοτέρων λόγων, καὶ μόνῳ τῷ Θεῷ κατ' ἐρωτικὴν ἔκστασιν ὁλικῶς αὐτὸν ἐνδησάσης, καὶ παντελῶς ἀμετακίνητον τοῦτον ἀπ' ἐκείνου διὰ τῆς μυστικῆς θεολογίας ποιησάσης. Τὸν ἐν Σαββάτῳ συλλέγοντα ξύλα λιθόλευστον ὁ Θεὸς γενέσθαι προσέταξεν. Ἐπεὶ γὸρ τὸ ξύλον μὲν τροφὴ τοῦ αἰσθητοῦ πυρὸς, ἡ δὲ ἁμαρτία τροφὴ τοῦ αἰωνίου πυρός· τὸν ἐν καταπαύσει τῶν πονηρῶν ἔργων γενόμενον, διὰ τοῦ θείου βαπτίσματος ἢ τῆς μετανοίας, καὶ ἐν τῇ καταστάσει ταύτῃ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα