but the mode of difference, not at all. At the same time are both the begetting of the Son from the Father, and the procession of the Holy Spirit. Therefore, all that the Son and the Spirit have, they have from the Father; even being itself. And if the Father is not, neither is the Son, nor the Spirit. And if the Father has not something, neither does the Son have it, nor the Spirit; and through the Father, that is, because the Father is, the Son and the Spirit are; and through the Father the Son and the Spirit have all that they have, that is, because the Father has them, except for unbegottenness and begetting, and procession. For in these hypostatic properties alone do the three holy hypostases differ from one another; being divided undividedly not in essence, but in the characteristic of their own hypostasis. And we say that each of the three has a perfect hypostasis (so that we might not acknowledge one perfect composite nature from three imperfect ones 77.1141), but in three perfect hypostases one simple, super-perfect, and all-perfect essence. For everything composed of imperfect things is necessarily composite. But from perfect hypostases, it is impossible for a composite to be formed. Hence we do not say the form is of hypostases, but in hypostases. And we spoke of imperfect things, as those which do not preserve the form of the thing completed from them. For a stone and wood and iron, each in itself is perfect according to its own nature; but with respect to the house being completed from them, each of them is imperfect. For neither is each by itself a house. Therefore we say the hypostases are perfect, so that we may not conceive of composition in the divine nature (for composition is the beginning of division); and again we say the three hypostases are in one another, so that we may not introduce a multitude and crowd of gods. Through the three hypostases, the uncompounded and unconfused; but through the consubstantiality and the being of the hypostases in one another, and the identity of will and of energy and of power, and of authority, and of movement, so to speak, we know the indivisible and the being one God. For truly one God is God, and His Word, and His Spirit.
CHAPTER 10.
It is necessary to know that it is one thing to be observed in reality; and another, in reason and thought. In all created things, therefore, the division of the hypostases is observed in reality (for in reality Peter is observed separately from Paul); but the community and the conjunction and the unity are observed in reason and thought. For we understand with the mind that Peter and Paul are of the same nature, and have one common nature. For each of them is a mortal rational animal; and each is flesh animated by a rational and intelligent soul. This common nature, therefore, is observable by reason. For the hypostases are not in one another, but each is separate privately and by part, that is, by itself, having very many things that divide it from the other. For they are also separated by place, and differ in time, and are divided in mind, and in strength, and in form, that is, shape, and in condition, and in temperament, and in dignity, and in pursuit, and in all the characteristic properties. And more than all, in that they are not in one another, but separately. Hence they are called two and three men, and many. And this can be seen in all of creation. But in the case of the holy and super-essential and beyond-all-things and incomprehensible Trinity, the opposite is true. For there the common and the one are observed in reality, because of the co-eternity, and the identity of the essence and of the energy and of the will, and the harmony of mind, and the identity of authority and of power and of goodness (I did not say
δὲ ὁ τρόπος τῆς διαφορᾶς, οὐδαμῶς. Ἅμα δὲ καὶ ἡ Υἱοῦ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς γέννησις, καὶ ἡ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐκπόρευσις. Πάντα οὖν ὅσα ἔχει ὁ Υἱὸς καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα, ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἔχει· καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ εἶναι. Καὶ εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατὴρ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ ὁ Υἱὸς ἔστιν, οὐδὲ τὸ Πνεῦμα. Καὶ εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατὴρ ἔχει τι, οὐδὲ ὁ Υἱὸς ἔχει, οὐδὲ τὸ Πνεῦμα· καὶ διὰ τὸν Πατέρα, τουτέστι, διὰ τὸ εἶναι τὸν Πατέρα, ἔστιν ὁ Υἱὸς καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα· καὶ διὰ τὸν Πατέρα ἔχει ὁ Υἱὸς καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα πάντα ἃ ἔχει, τουτέστι, διὰ τὸ τὸν Πατέρα ἔχειν αὐτὰ, πλὴν τῆς ἀγεννησίας καὶ τῆς γεννήσεως, καὶ τῆς ἐκπορεύσεως. Ἐν ταύταις γὰρ μόναις ταῖς ὑποστατικαῖς ἰδιότησι διαφέρουσιν ἀλλήλων αἱ ἅγιαι τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις· οὐκ οὐσίᾳ, τῷ δὲ χαρακτηριστικῷ τῆς ἰδίας ὑποστάσεως ἀδιαιρέτως διαιρούμεναι. Φαμὲν δὲ ἕκαστον τῶν τριῶν τελείαν ἔχειν ὑπόστασιν (ἵνα μὴ ἐκ τριῶν ἀτελῶν μίαν σύνθετον φύσιν τελείαν 77.1141 γνωρίσωμεν), ἀλλ' ἐν τρισὶ τελείαις ὑποστάσεσι μίαν οὐσίαν ἁπλῆν ὑπερτελῆ καὶ παντέλειον. Πᾶν γὰρ ἐξ ἀτελῶν συγκείμενον, σύνθετον πάντως ἐστίν. Ἐκ δὲ τελείων ὑποστάσεων, ἀδύνατον σύνθεσιν γενέσθαι. Ὅθεν οὐδὲ λέγομεν τὸ εἶδος ἐξ ὑποστάσεων, ἀλλ' ἐν ὑποστάσεσιν. Ἀτελῶν δὲ εἴπομεν, τῶν μὴ σωζόντων τὸ εἶδος τοῦ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀποτελουμένου πράγματος. Λίθος μὲν γὰρ καὶ ξύλον καὶ σίδηρος, ἕκαστον καθ' ἑαυτὸ τέλειόν ἐστι κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν φύσιν· πρὸς δὲ τὸ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀποτελούμενον οἴκημα, ἀτελὲς ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ὑπάρχει. Οὐδὲ γάρ ἐστιν ἕκαστον καθ' ἑαυτὸ οἶκος. Τελείας μὲν οὖν τὰς ὑποστάσεις φαμὲν, ἵνα μὴ σύνθεσιν ἐπὶ τῆς θείας νοήσωμεν φύσεως (σύνθεσις γὰρ ἀρχὴ διαστάσεως)· καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἀλλήλαις τὰς τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις λέγομεν, ἵνα μὴ πλῆθος καὶ δῆμον θεῶν εἰσαγάγωμεν. ∆ιὰ μὲν τῶν τριῶν ὑποστάσεων, τὸ ἀσύνθετον καὶ ἀσύγχυτον· διὰ δὲ τοῦ ὁμοουσίου καὶ τοῦ ἐν ἀλλήλαις εἶναι τὰς ὑποστάσεις, καὶ τῆς ταυτότητός τε τοῦ θελήματος καὶ τῆς ἐνεργείας καὶ τῆς δυνάμεως, καὶ τῆς ἐξουσίας, καὶ τῆς κινήσεως, ἴν' οὔτως εἴπω, τὸ ἀδιαίρετον καὶ τὸ εἶναι ἕνα Θεὸν γνωρίζομεν. Εἷς γὰρ ὄντως Θεὸς ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ ὁ Λόγος, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ.
ΚΕΦΑΛ. Ιʹ.
Χρὴ δὲ εἰδέναι, ὅτι ἕτερόν ἐστι τὸ πράγματι θεωρεῖσθαι· καὶ ἄλλο, τὸ λόγῳ καὶ ἐπινοίᾳ. Ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν πάντων τῶν κτισμάτων, ἡ μὲν τῶν ὑποστάσεων διαίρεσις πράγματι θεωρεῖται (πράγμασι γὰρ ὁ Πέτρος τοῦ Παύλου κεχωρισμένως θεωρῆται)· ἡ δὲ κοινότης καὶ ἡ συνάφεια καὶ τὸ ἒν, λόγῳ καὶ ἐπινοίᾳ θεωρεῖται. Νοοῦμεν γὰρ τῷ νῷ, ὅτι ὁ Πέτρος καὶ ὁ Παῦλος τῆς αὐτῆς εἰσι φύσεως, καὶ κοινὴν φύσιν ἔχουσι μίαν. Ἕκαστος γὰρ αὐτῶν ζῶόν ἐστι λογικὸν θνητόν· καὶ ἕκαστος σάρξ ἐστιν ἐψυχωμένη ψυχῇ λογικῇ τε καὶ νοερᾷ. Αὕτη οὖν ἡ κοινὴ φύσις τῷ λόγῳ ἐστὶ θεωρητή. Οὐδὲ γὰρ αἱ ὑποστάσεις ἐν ἀλλήλαις εἰσὶν, ἰδίᾳ δὲ ἑκάστη καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος ἤγουν καθ' ἑαυτὴν κεχώρισται, πλεῖστα τὰ διαιροῦντα αὐτὴν ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας ἔχουσα. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τόπῳ διεστήκασι, καὶ χρόνῳ διαφέρουσι, καὶ γνώμῃ μερίζονται, καὶ ἰσχύϊ, καὶ μορφῇ, εἴτουν σχήματι, καὶ ἔξει, καὶ κράσει, καὶ ἀξίᾳ, καὶ ἐπιτηδεύματι, καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς χαρακτηριστικοῖς ἰδιώμασι. Πλέον δὲ πάντων, τῷ μὴ ἐν ἀλλήλαις, ἀλλὰ κεχωρισμένως εἶναι. Ὅθεν καὶ δύο καὶ τρεῖς ἄνθρωποι λέγονται, καὶ πολλοί. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ πάσης ἔστιν ἰδεῖν τῆς κτίσεως. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς ἁγίας καὶ ὑπερουσίου καὶ πάντων ἐπέκεινα καὶ ἀλήπτου Τριάδος, τὸ ἀνάπαλιν. Ἐκεῖ γὰρ τὸ μὲν κοινὸν καὶ ἓν, πράγματι θεωρεῖται, διά τε τὸ συναΐδιον, καὶ τὸ ταυτὸν τῆς οὐσίας καὶ τῆς ἐνεργείας καὶ τοῦ θελήματος, καὶ τὴν τῆς γνώμης σύμπνοιαν, τήν τε τῆς ἐξουσίας καὶ τῆς δυνάμεως καὶ τῆς ἀγαθότητος ταυτότητα (οὐκ εἶπον