John Chrysostom, On Repentance

The rich man had many herds and flocks; but the poor man had one ewe lamb, which drank from his cup, and ate from his table, and slept in his bosom; here he shows the genuine love of the man for the woman; but when a certain traveler came, the rich man spared his own, and taking the poor man's ewe lamb, he slaughtered it. Do you see how he weaves the drama here, having the sword hidden in the sponge? What then of the king? Thinking he was pronouncing judgment against another, he brought forth the sharpest decision. For such are men; against others they gladly and abruptly make and issue their decisions. And what does David say? As the Lord lives, such a man is worthy of death, and he will restore the lamb fourfold. What then of Nathan? He did not soften the blow over many hours, but immediately reveals it, and made the sharpest incision, so that the sense of pain might not be stolen away. You are the man, O king. What then does the king say? I have sinned against the Lord. He did not say, For who are you who convicts me? Who sent you to speak so boldly? With what audacity have you done this? He said nothing of the sort, but acknowledged the sin. And what does he say? I have sinned against the Lord. What then does Nathan say to him? And the Lord has put away your sin; you have condemned yourself, I remit the condemnation for you; you have confessed with good judgment, you have dissolved the sin; you have drawn the condemnation upon yourself, I have dissolved the sentence. Do you see how what was written was fulfilled, Declare your iniquities first, that you may be justified? What labor is this, to be the first to speak of the sin? 3. You have also another way of repentance; which is this? To mourn the sin. Have you sinned? Mourn, and you dissolve the sin. What labor is this? I demand nothing more from you than to mourn the sin; I do not tell you to cut across seas, nor to put into harbors, nor to journey, nor to go on an endless road, nor to pay money, nor to make a passage through wild waves, but what? Mourn over the sin. And whence is this, he says, that if I mourn, I dissolve the sin? You have proof of this also from the divine Scripture. There was a certain king Ahab; and this man is testified to be just; but this man reigned for evil things under Jezebel his wife; this man desired the vineyard of a certain Naboth the Jezreelite, and sent to him, saying: Give me your vineyard which I have desired, and either take silver from me, or an exchange for the place. But he said: Far be it from me 49.288 to sell to you the inheritance of my fathers. And Ahab desired the vineyard; but he did not wish to use force on him, lest he should fall into calamity on account of this. But Jezebel, entering to him, a shameless and forbidden woman, unclean and most accursed, says: Why are you sad, and do not eat? Arise, eat; I will make you inherit the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite. And taking it, she writes a letter in the name of the king to the elders, saying: Proclaim a fast, and set up false men against Naboth, that he blessed God and the king, that is, he blasphemed. O fast filled with decreed lawlessness; they proclaimed a fast, in order to commit murder. What then happened? Naboth was stoned, and he died. And when Jezebel learned this, she says to Ahab: Arise, let us inherit the vineyard, because Naboth is dead. But he, being grieved for the moment, nevertheless went in and inherited the vineyard. God sends Elijah the prophet to him; Go, he says, say to Ahab, Because you have murdered and have taken possession, so shall your blood be shed, and the dogs shall lick your blood, and the harlots shall wash in your blood. The wrath is sent from God, the decision is settled, the condemnation is fulfilled. And see where he sends him: into the vineyard. Where the transgression is, there also is the punishment. And what does he say? When Ahab saw him, he says: Have you found me, O my enemy, instead of, You have found me culpable that

εἶχε δὲ ὁ πλούσιος βουκόλια καὶ ἀγέλας πολλάς· ἦν δὲ καὶ ὁ πένης ἔχων ἀμνάδα μίαν, ἥτις ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου αὐτοῦ ἔπινε, καὶ ἐκ τῆς τραπέζης αὐτοῦ ἤσθιε, καὶ ἐν τῷ κόλπῳ αὐτοῦ ἐκάθευδεν· ἐνταῦθα τὸ γνήσιον τοῦ ἀνδρὸς πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα δείκνυσιν· ἐλθόντος δὲ ξένου τινὸς, ἐφείσατο ὁ πλούσιος τῶν ἰδίων, καὶ λαβὼν τὴν ἀμνάδα τοῦ πένητος ἔσφαξεν αὐτήν. Εἶδες πῶς ἐνταῦθα ὑφαίνει τὸ δρᾶμα, τῷ σπόγγῳ ἐπικεκρυμμένον ἔχων τὸ σιδήριον; Τί οὖν ὁ βασιλεύς; Νομίζων κατὰ ἄλλου ἀποφαίνεσθαι, ὀξυτάτην ἐπήγαγε τὴν ἀπόφασιν. Τοιοῦτοι γὰρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι· κατὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἡδέως τὰς ἀποφάσεις καὶ ἀποτόμως ποιοῦνται καὶ ἐκδιδόασι. Καὶ τί φησιν ὁ ∆αυΐδ; Ζῇ Κύριος, ἄξιος θανάτου ὁ τοιοῦτος, καὶ ἀποδώσει τὴν ἀμνάδα τετραπλασίονα. Τί οὖν ὁ Νάθαν; Οὐκ ἐμάλαξε πολλαῖς ὥραις τὴν πληγὴν, ἀλλ' εὐθὺς ἐκφαίνει, καὶ ὀξυτάτην ἐπήγαγε τὴν τομὴν, ἵνα μὴ κλέψῃ τὴν αἴσθησιν τοῦ πόνου. Σὺ εἶ, βασιλεῦ. Τί οὖν ὁ βασιλεύς φησιν; Ἥμαρτον τῷ Κυρίῳ. Οὐκ εἶπε, Τίς γὰρ εἶ ὁ ἐλέγχων με; τίς δέ σε ἀπέστειλε παῤῥησιάζεσθαι; ποίᾳ δὲ τόλμῃ τοῦτο πεποίηκας; Οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ συνέγνω τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Καὶ τί φησιν; Ἡμάρτηκα τῷ Κυρίῳ. Τί οὖν ὁ Νάθαν πρὸς αὐτόν; Καὶ Κύριος ἀφῆκε τὸ ἁμάρτημά σου· ἑαυτὸν κατεδίκασας, ἐγώ σοι συγχωρῶ τὴν καταδίκην· εὐγνωμόνως ὡμολόγησας, ἔλυσας τὴν ἁμαρτίαν· σαυτῷ τὴν καταδίκην ἐπεσπάσω, ἐγὼ ἔλυσα τὴν ἀπόφασιν. Εἶδες πῶς ἐπληρώθη τὸ γεγραμμένον, Λέγε σὺ τὰς ἀνομίας σου πρῶτος, ἵνα δικαιωθῇς; Ποῖος κάματος οὗτος τὸ εἰπεῖν πρῶτον τὴν ἁμαρτίαν; γʹ. Ἔχεις δὲ μετανοίας ὁδὸν καὶ ἑτέραν· ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Τὸ πενθῆσαι τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Ἥμαρτες; πένθησον, καὶ λύεις τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Ποῖος κάματος οὗτος; οὐδέν σε πλέον ἀπαιτῶ, ἢ τὸ πενθῆσαι τὴν ἁμαρτίαν· οὐ λέγω σοι πελάγη τεμεῖν, οὔτε εἰς λιμένας καταγαγεῖν, οὔτε ὁδοιπορῆσαι, οὔτε ὁδὸν ἄπειρον ἀπελθεῖν, οὔτε χρημάτων καταβολὴν, οὔτε κυμάτων ἀγρίων ποιήσασθαι δίοδον, ἀλλὰ τί; Πένθησον ἐπὶ τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ. Καὶ πόθεν τοῦτο, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐὰν πενθήσω, λύω τὴν ἁμαρτίαν; Ἔχεις καὶ τούτου ἀπόδειξιν ἐκ τῆς θείας Γραφῆς. Ἦν τις Ἀχαὰβ βασιλεύς· δίκαιος δὲ οὗτος μαρτυρεῖται· ἐβασίλευσε δὲ οὗτος εἰς κακὰ ὑπὸ Ἰεζάβελ τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ· οὗτός τινος Ναβουθὲ Ἰεζραηλίτου ἀμπελῶνα ἐπεθύμησε, καὶ ἀπέστειλε πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγων· ∆ός μοι τὸν ἀμπελῶνά σου ὃν ἐπεθύμησα, καὶ ἢ ἀργύριον λαβὲ παρ' ἐμοῦ, ἢ ἀντάλλαγμα τοῦ τόπου. Ὁ δὲ εἶπε· Μή μοι γένοιτο 49.288 κληρονομίαν πατέρων μου πωλῆσαί σοι. Ὁ δὲ Ἀχαὰβ ἐπεθύμει μὲν τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος· οὐκ ἤθελε δὲ βιάσασθαι αὐτὸν, ὡς ἐκ τούτου κακώσει αὐτὸν περιπεσεῖν. Εἰσελθοῦσα δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν Ἰεζάβελ, γύναιον ἀναίσχυντον καὶ ἀπηγορευμένον, ἀκάθαρτον καὶ ἐναγέστατον, φησί· Τί λυπῇ, καὶ οὐκ ἐσθίεις; ἀνάστα, φάγε· ἐγώ σε ποιῶ κληρονομῆσαι τὸν ἀμπελῶνα Ναβουθὲ τοῦ Ἰεζραηλίτου. Καὶ λαβοῦσα γράφει ἐπιστολὴν ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ βασιλέως πρὸς τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, λέγουσα· Κηρύξατε νηστείαν, καὶ στήσατε ἄνδρας ψευδεῖς κατὰ Ναβουθὲ, ὅτι εὐλόγησε Θεὸν καὶ βασιλέα, τουτέστιν, ἐβλασφήμησεν. Ὢ νηστεία ἐπιτεταμένης τῆς παρανομίας πεπληρωμένη· ἐκήρυξαν νηστείαν, ἵνα φόνον ποιήσωσι. Τί οὖν γέγονεν; Ἐλιθάσθη Ναβουθὲ, καὶ ἀπέθανε. Μαθοῦσα δὲ Ἰεζάβελ λέγει τῷ Ἀχαάβ· Ἀνάστα, κληρονομήσωμεν τὸν ἀμπελῶνα, ὅτι ἀπέθανε Ναβουθέ. Ὁ δὲ λυπηθεὶς πρὸς τὸ παρὸν, εἰσῆλθε μέντοι, καὶ ἐκληρονόμησε τὸν ἀμπελῶνα. Πέμπει πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Θεὸς Ἠλίαν τὸν προφήτην· Ἄπελθε, φησὶν, εἰπὸν τῷ Ἀχαὰβ, Ἀνθ' ὧνἐφόνευσας καὶ ἐκληρονόμησας, οὕτως ἐκχυθήσεται τὸ αἷμά σου, καὶ οἱ κύνες λείξουσι τὸ αἷμά σου, καὶ αἱ πόρναι λούσονται ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου. Θεήλατος ἡ ὀργὴ, ἀπηρτισμένη ἡ ἀπόφασις, πεπληρωμένη ἡ καταδίκη. Καὶ ὅρα ποῦ πέμπει αὐτόν· εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα. Ὅπου ἡ παρανομία, ἐκεῖ καὶ ἡ τιμωρία. Καὶ τί φησιν; Ἰδὼν αὐτὸν Ἀχαὰβ λέγει· Εὕρηκάς με ὁ ἐχθρός μου, ἀντὶ τοῦ, Ὑπαίτιόν με ἔλαβες ὅτι