John Chrysostom, On "Having the same spirit"

love, one must show greater zeal and care, inasmuch as the birth-pangs of the spirit are more powerful than those of nature. What then was the table, whose leftovers we have kept for you? It was an apostolic saying, which then provided us with much spiritual food, part of which we placed in your mind, and part of which we postponed to the present day, so as not to overwhelm the power of your memory with the multitude of things said. What then is the saying? But having the same Spirit of faith, according to what is written: I believed, therefore I spoke; we also believe, and therefore we also speak. About what faith, then, it is said, whether that which produces signs, about which Christ says: If you have faith as a grain of mustard seed, you will say to this mountain, ‘Move,’ and it will move; or that which produces knowledge in us, according to which we are all believers; and for what reason it is called the Spirit of faith, and what this faith is, and all these things we then discussed to the best of our ability with your love, when we also began the discourse on almsgiving. But since it remained to say also for what reason it is said, *the same* Spirit of faith, and the multitude of things then said did not permit us to go through this saying with precision; for this reason we have saved it for the present day, and now we have risen to pay you this debt. For what reason then did he say, *The same*? 51.282 He wishes to show the great kinship of the New Testament to the Old; for this reason he also reminded us of a prophetic saying, by saying, But having the same Spirit, and adding, According to what is written: I believed, therefore I spoke. And David had said this from of old and many years before, which Paul now brought forward, showing that the same grace of the Spirit both then in him, and now in us, has rooted the power of faith; as if he were saying, The same Spirit of faith, that spoke in him, also worked in us. 2. Where now are those who slander the Old, who tear apart the body of Scripture, who assign one God to the New, but another to the Old? Let them hear Paul stopping up their godless mouths, and muzzling their God-fighting tongue, and showing through this saying that it is the same Spirit both in the Old and in the New. For the very names show us the great harmony of the Testaments. For the New is so called on account of the Old, and the Old on account of the New; just as Paul also says, In that he says, A new covenant, he has made the first one old. But if they were not of the same Lord, neither could this be called New, nor that Old. So this difference in the names demonstrates the kinship of each, and this difference is not in essence, but in the change of times; for the new is contrasted with the old in this respect only; but the change of times introduces neither a difference of lordship nor a diminution. And this again Christ made plain, saying: Therefore I say to you, every scribe who has been trained for the kingdom of heaven is like a master of a house, who brings out of his treasure what is new and what is old. Do you see that the possessions are different, but the lordship is one? Just as, then, that one, being one master of the house, is able to bring out things new and old, so also here it is possible for the New and the Old to belong to one God; for this very thing especially shows His wealth and abundance, not only to possess new things, but also to display His abundance in the old things. So there is only a difference of names in the Testaments, 51.283 not a conflict, nor an opposition. For the old becomes old from the new; and this is not of conflict, nor

ἀγάπην πλείονα σπουδὴν καὶ ἐπιμέλειαν ἐπιδείκνυσθαι χρὴ, ὅσῳ τῶν τῆς φύσεως ὠδίνων αἱ τοῦ πνεύματός εἰσι δυνατώτεραι. Τίς οὖν ἡ τράπεζα ἦν, ἧς τὰ λείψανα διετηρήσαμεν ὑμῖν; Ῥῆσις ἦν ἀποστολικὴ, πολλὴν ἡμῖν τότε παρασχοῦσα τροφὴν πνευματικὴν, ἧς μέρος μὲν ἐνεθήκαμεν ὑμῶν τῇ διανοίᾳ, μέρος δὲ εἰς τὴν παροῦσαν ἡμέραν ἀνεβαλλόμεθα, ὥστε μὴ τῷ πλήθει τῶν λεγομένων καταχῶσαι τῆς μνήμης τῆς ὑμετέρας τὴν δύναμιν. Τίς οὖν ἐστιν ἡ ῥῆσις; Ἔχοντες δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς πίστεως, κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον· Ἐπίστευσα, διὸ ἐλάλησα· καὶ ἡμεῖς πιστεύομεν, διὸ καὶ λαλοῦμεν. Περὶ ποίας μὲν οὖν πίστεως εἴρηται, πότερον τῆς τῶν σημείων ποιητικῆς, περὶ ἦς ὁ Χριστός φησιν· Ἐὰν ἔχετε πίστιν, ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως, ἐρεῖτε τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ, Μετάβηθι, καὶ μεταβήσεται· ἢ τῆς τὴν γνῶσιν ἐμποιούσης ἡμῖν, καθ' ἣν πάντες ἐσμὲν πιστοί· καὶ τίνος ἕνεκα Πνεῦμα πίστεως εἴρηται, καὶ τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἡ πίστις αὕτη, καὶ πάντα δὴ ταῦτα κατὰ δύναμιν τότε πρὸς τὴν ὑμετέραν διελέχθημεν ἀγάπην, ὅτε καὶ τοὺς περὶ ἐλεημοσύνης ἐκινήσαμεν λόγους. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐλείπετο εἰπεῖν καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν εἴρηται, Πνεῦμα πίστεως τὸ αὐτὸ, καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν τότε λεχθέντων οὐκ ἐπέτρεπε καὶ ταύτῃ μετ' ἀκριβείας ἐπεξελθεῖν τῇ ῥήσει· τούτου χάριν εἰς τὴν παροῦσαν ἡμέραν αὐτὴν ἐταμιευσάμεθα, καὶ νῦν τοῦτο ἀνέστημεν ἀποδώσοντες ὑμῖν τὸ χρέος. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν εἴρηκε, Τὸ αὐτό; 51.282 Πολλὴν συγγένειαν τῆς Καινῆς ∆ιαθήκης πρὸς τὴν Παλαιὰν ἐπιδεῖξαι βούλεται· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ προφητικῆς ἡμᾶς ἀνέμνησε ῥήσεως, εἰπὼν, Ἔχοντες δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα, καὶ ἐπαγαγὼν, Κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον· Ἐπίστευσα, διὸ ἐλάλησα. Τοῦτο δὲ ἄνωθεν καὶ πρὸ πολλῶν χρόνων ὁ ∆αυῒδ ἦν εἰρηκὼς, ὅπερ ὁ Παῦλος παρήγαγε νῦν, δηλῶν ὅτι τοῦ Πνεύματος ἡ χάρις ἡ αὐτὴ καὶ ἐν ἐκείνῳ τότε, καὶ νῦν ἐν ἡμῖν τὴν τῆς πίστεως ἐῤῥίζωσε δύναμιν· ὡσεὶ ἔλεγε, Τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς πίστεως, τὸ καὶ ἐν ἐκείνῳ λαλῆσαν, καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ἐνήργησε. βʹ. Ποῦ νῦν εἰσιν οἱ τὴν Παλαιὰν διαβάλλοντες, οἱ τὸ σῶμα τῆς Γραφῆς διασπῶντες, οἱ τῇ Καινῇ μὲν ἄλλον, ἕτερον δὲ τῇ Παλαιᾷ Θεὸν ἀπονέμοντες; Ἀκουέτωσαν Παύλου τὰ στόματα τὰ ἄθεα ἐμφράττοντος, καὶ ἐπιστομίζοντος τὴν θεομάχον γλῶτταν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ῥήσεως ταύτης δεικνύοντος, ὅτι τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα καὶ ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ, καὶ ἐν τῇ Καινῇ. Καὶ γὰρ αὐτὰ τὰ ὀνόματα πολλὴν ἡμῖν τῶν ∆ιαθηκῶν δείκνυσι τὴν συμφωνίαν. Ἡ γὰρ Καινὴ διὰ τὴν Παλαιὰν εἴρηται, καὶ ἡ Παλαιὰ διὰ τὴν Καινήν· καθάπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν, Ἐν τῷ λέγειν Καινὴν πεπαλαίωκε τὴν προτέραν. Εἰ δὲ μὴ τοῦ αὐτοῦ εἶεν ∆εσπότου, οὔτε αὕτη Καινὴ, οὔτ' ἐκείνη Παλαιὰ δύναιτ' ἂν λέγεσθαι. Ὥστε αὕτη ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὀνόμασι διαφορὰ τὴν συγγένειαν ἑκατέρας ἐκδείκνυται, καὶ ἡ διαφορὰ δὲ αὕτη οὐ κατὰ τὴν οὐσίαν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὴν τῶν χρόνων ἐναλλαγήν ἐστι· καὶ γὰρ τὸ καινὸν τῷ παλαιῷ κατὰ τοῦτο ἀντιδιαστέλλεται μόνον· ἡ δὲ τῶν χρόνων ἐναλλαγὴ οὐδὲ διαφορὰν δεσποτείας οὐδὲ μείωσιν εἰσάγει. Καὶ τοῦτο πάλιν ὁ Χριστὸς ἐνέφηνεν, εἰπών· ∆ιὰ τοῦτο λέγω ὑμῖν, Πᾶς γραμματεὺς μαθητευθεὶς ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅστις ἐκβάλλει ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ καινὰ καὶ παλαιά. Ὁρᾷς διάφορα μὲν τὰ κτήματα, μίαν δὲ τὴν δεσποτείαν; Ὥσπερ οὖν ἐκεῖνος δύναται ἐκβάλλειν καινὰ καὶ παλαιὰ εἷς ὢν οἰκοδεσπότης, οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα δυνατὸν ἑνὸς εἶναι Θεοῦ τὴν Καινὴν καὶ τὴν Παλαιάν· αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο μάλιστα δείκνυσιν αὐτοῦ τὸν πλοῦτον καὶ τὴν περιουσίαν, τὸ μὴ μόνον καινὰ κεκτῆσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τοῖς παλαιοῖς τὴν περιουσίαν ἐνδείκνυσθαι. Ὥστε διαφορὰ μόνον ἐστὶν ὀνομάτων ἐν ταῖς ∆ιαθή 51.283 καις οὐ μάχη, οὐδὲ ἐναντίωσις. Τὸ γὰρ παλαιὸν ἐκ τοῦ καινοῦ γίνεται παλαιόν· τοῦτο δὲ οὐ μάχης, οὐδὲ