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from the same charges to take an opportunity to show himself equal to the one who begot him; so also here, foreseeing what they were about to say, he said these words, so that from this, taking a beginning and a pretext, he might show himself to be of equal honor to the one who begot him. For it is not the same thing, when no one is accusing or blaming, to descend on one's own to the discourse concerning these things, and for others to provide the reasons, to establish this very thing in the order and form of a defense. For the manner of that proof was offensive to the hearers; but this one was less burdensome, and more acceptable, and everywhere we see him doing this very thing, and demonstrating his equality not so much through words as through deeds. For this indeed the evangelist also said, hinting, that the Jews were persecuting him, not only because he broke the Sabbath, but because he also called God his own Father, making himself equal to God, which is much greater; for through the proof of his deeds he established this very thing. What then do the envious and wicked, and those who pine away at the good things of others, and who seek from every quarter to find handles? Why does this man, he says, blaspheme? For no one can forgive sins except God alone. Just as there they persecuted him because he broke the Sabbath, and taking an opportunity from their charges, he declared his equality with the one who begot him in the form of a defense, saying, My Father is working, and I am working; so also here, from what they accuse him of, from these things he shows his exact likeness to the Father. For what does he say? No one can forgive sins, except God alone. Since, therefore, they themselves set this definition, they themselves introduced this rule, they themselves wrote this law, he then confounds them from their own words. You, he says, have confessed that it belongs to God alone to forgive sins; the equality is indisputable. And not only do these say this, but the prophet also, saying thus, Who is a God like you? then showing what is unique, he added, Taking away iniquities, and passing over injustices. If, therefore, another should appear doing this same thing, he is also God, and God just as He is. But let us see how Christ reasons with them, how gently, and kindly, and with all solicitude. And behold, some of the scribes said within themselves, This man blasphemes. They did not bring forth the word, they did not utter it with their tongue, but they reasoned in the secret places of their mind. What then did Christ do? He brought forth into the midst their secret counsels before the proof of the healing of the paralytic's body, wishing to show them the power of his divinity. For that to show the secret things of the mind is of God alone, of his divinity, he says, You alone know the hearts. Do you see that 'alone' is again not said in contradistinction to the Son? For if the Father alone knows the hearts, how does the Son know the secret things of the mind? For he himself knew, it says, what was in man; and Paul, showing that this is a peculiar property of God to know secret things, says, But he who searches the hearts, showing that this has the same 51.60 power as the appellation 'God.' For just as if I should say 'the one who sends rain,' I indicate no other than God through the action, since this belongs to him alone; and if I should say, 'the one who makes the sun rise,' and not add 'God,' I nevertheless indicate him through the action; so also Paul says, having said, He who searches the hearts, he showed that it is his alone to search the hearts. For if this did not have the same power as the name 'God' for showing us the one being indicated, he would not have set it down by itself. For if this were common to him and also to creation, we would not have known the one being indicated, as the commonality would have produced confusion in the minds of the hearers. When therefore this appears to be a peculiar property of the Father, and appears also to belong to the Son, for whom the equality is indisputable from this as well, for this reason, Why, he says, do you think evil things in your hearts? for which is easier, to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Arise and walk'?

9

ἐγκλημάτων τῶν αὐτῶν λαβεῖν ἀφορμὴν τοῦ δεῖξαι ἑαυτὸν ἴσον τῷ γεγεννηκότι· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα προειδὼς, ὅπερ ἤμελλον ἐρεῖν, εἶπε ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα, ἵν' ἐντεῦθεν λαβὼν ἀρχὴν καὶ πρόφασιν δείξῃ τῷ γεγεννηκότι ὁμότιμον ὄντα ἑαυτόν. Οὐ γὰρ ἴσον μηδενὸς ἐγκαλοῦντος, μηδὲ αἰτιωμένου, ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ εἰς τὸν περὶ τούτων καθεῖναι λόγον, καὶ ἑτέρων παρεχόντων τὰς αἰτίας ἐν ἀπολογίας τάξει καὶ σχήματι τοῦτο αὐτὸ κατασκευάσαι. Ἐκείνης μὲν γὰρ τῆς ἀποδείξεως ὁ τρόπος ἀντέκρουε τοῖς ἀκούουσιν· οὗτος δὲ ἀνεπαχθέστερος ἦν, καὶ εὐπαράδεκτος μᾶλλον, καὶ πανταχοῦ δὲ ὁρῶμεν τοῦτο αὐτὸν ποιοῦντα, καὶ οὐχ οὕτω διὰ ῥημάτων, ὡς διὰ πραγμάτων ἐπιδεικνύμενον τὴν ἰσότητα. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς αἰνιττόμενος ἔλεγεν, ὅτι ἐδίωκον αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, οὐχ ὅτι μόνον ἔλυε τὸ σάββατον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ πατέρα ἴδιον ἔλεγε τὸν Θεὸν, ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ, ὃ πολλῷ μεῖζόν ἐστιν· διὰ γὰρ τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων ἀποδείξεως τοῦτο αὐτὸ κατεσκεύαζε. Τί οὖν οἱ βάσκανοι καὶ πονηροὶ, καὶ τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις τηκόμενοι καλοῖς, καὶ πανταχόθεν λαβὰς ζητοῦντες εὑρεῖν; Τί οὗτος, φησὶ, βλασφημεῖ; Οὐδεὶς γὰρ δύναται ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας εἰ μὴ μόνος ὁ Θεός. Ὥσπερ ἐκεῖ ἐδίωκον αὐτὸν ὅτι ἔλυε τὸ σάββατον, καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων αὐτῶν λαβὼν ἀφορμὴν τὴν ἰσότητα ἐν ἀπολογίας τάξει τὴν πρὸς τὸν γεγεννηκότα ἐδήλωσεν εἰπών· Ὁ Πατήρ μου ἐργάζεται, κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, ἀφ' ὧν ἐγκαλοῦσιν, ἀπὸ τούτων τὸ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ἀπαράλλακτον δείκνυσι. Τί γάρ φησιν; Οὐδεὶς δύναται ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας, εἰ μὴ μόνος ὁ Θεός. Ἐπεὶ οὖν αὐτοὶ τὸν ὅρον ἔθηκαν τοῦτον, αὐτοὶ τὸν κανόνα εἰσήνεγκαν, αὐτοὶ τὸν νόμον ἔγραψαν, ἐκ τῶν οἰκείων αὐτοὺς λοιπὸν συμποδίζει ῥημάτων. Ὑμεῖς, φησὶν, ὡμολογήσατε ὅτι Θεοῦ μόνον ἐστὶ τὸ ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας· ἀναμφισβήτητός ἐστιν ἰσότης. Καὶ οὐχ οὗτοι δὲ τοῦτο μόνον φασὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ προφήτης οὕτω λέγων· Τίς Θεὸς ὥσπερ σύ; εἶτα δεικνὺς τί ἴδιον, ἐπήγαγεν, Ἐξαίρων ἀνομίας, καὶ ὑπερβαίνων ἀδικίας. Ἂν τοίνυν φανῇ τις ἕτερος οὕτως τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ποιῶν, καὶ Θεός ἐστιν, καὶ Θεὸς ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνος. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν πῶς αὐτοῖς ὁ Χριστὸς συλλογίζεται, πῶς πράως, καὶ ἐπιεικῶς, καὶ μετὰ κηδεμονίας ἁπάσης. Καὶ ἰδού τινες τῶν γραμματέων εἶπον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς· Οὗτος βλασφημεῖ. Οὐκ ἐξήνεγκαν τὸ ῥῆμα, οὐ προήνεγκαν διὰ γλώσσης, ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς ἀποῤῥήτοις τῆς διανοίας ἐλογίζοντο. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστός; ἤνεγκεν εἰς τὸ μέσον τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα ἐκείνων βουλεύματα πρὸ τῆς ἀποδείξεως τῆς κατὰ τὴν ἴασιν τοῦ σώματος τοῦ παραλυτικοῦ, βουλόμενος αὐτοῖς δεῖξαι τῆς αὐτοῦ θεότητος τὴν ἰσχύν. Ὅτι γὰρ Θεοῦ μόνον ἐστὶ τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα τῆς διανοίας δεῖξαι τῆς αὐτοῦ θεότητος, Σὺ ἐπίστασαι καρδίας μονώτατος, φησίν. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τὸ μόνος πάλιν οὐ πρὸς τὴν ἀντιδιαστολὴν τοῦ Υἱοῦ λέγεται; Εἰ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐπίσταται καρδίας μονώτατος, πῶς ὁ Υἱὸς οἶδε τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα τῆς διανοίας; Αὐτὸς γὰρ ᾔδει, φησὶ, τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ· καὶ ὁ Παῦλος δεικνὺς, ὅτι ἴδιον Θεοῦ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα εἰδέναι, φησίν· Ὁ δὲ ἐρευνῶν τὰς καρδίας, δεικνὺς, ὅτι τῇ Θεὸς προσηγορίᾳ τὴν αὐτὴν 51.60 ἰσχὺν ἔχει τοῦτο. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐὰν εἴπω ὁ βρέχων, οὐδένα ἄλλον δηλῶ ἢ τὸν Θεὸν διὰ τοῦ πράγματος, ἐπειδὴ αὐτοῦ μόνον τοῦτό ἐστι· καὶ ἐὰν εἴπω, ὁ ἀνατέλλων τὸν ἥλιον, καὶ μὴ προσθῶ τὸ Θεὸς, ὅμως αὐτὸν δηλῶ διὰ τοῦ πράγματος· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν εἰπὼν, Ὁ ἐρευνῶν τὰς καρδίας, ἔδειξεν, ὅτι αὐτοῦ μόνον ἐστὶ τὸ ἐρευνᾷν τὰς καρδίας. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ τὴν αὐτὴν ἰσχὺν εἶχε τοῦτο τῷ Θεὸς ὀνόματι πρὸς τὸ δεῖξαι ἡμῖν τὸν δηλούμενον, οὐκ ἂν αὐτὸ κατ' αὐτὸ τέθεικεν. Καὶ γὰρ εἰ κοινὸν ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ πρὸς τὴν κτίσιν τοῦτο, οὐκ ἂν ἔγνωμεν τὸν δηλούμενον, τῆς κοινωνίας σύγχυσιν ἐμποιησάσης τῇ διανοίᾳ τῶν ἀκροατῶν. Ὅταν οὖν φαίνηται ἴδιον Πατρὸς τοῦτο, φαίνηται δὲ καὶ τῷ Υἱῷ, πρὸς ὃν ἀναμφισβήτητος καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἡ ἰσότης, διὰ τοῦτο, Τί, φησὶ, διαλογίζεσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν; τί γὰρ εὐκοπώτερον εἰπεῖν, Ἀφέωνταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι, ἢ εἰπεῖν, Ἔγειραι καὶ περιπάτει;