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And how, if we should tolerate 1336 them saying this, according to this holy teacher, shall we believe that that which is united to God is also saved? "For what," he says, writing to Cledonius, "has been united to God, this is also saved.” But the body was also united to God the Word with the soul. Therefore with the soul the body will also be saved. And again, if for this reason, according to this divinely-wise teacher, the Word of God is incarnate, in order to both save the image and make the flesh immortal, I cannot comprehend how that which is being saved will perish, and that which is being made immortal will die again—or rather to speak more properly, having been wholly deified through the medium of the intellectual soul mediating between the divinity and the body, having ineffably and essentially 14Ε_042 received the whole present hypostasis of the incarnate God the Word, who both made and declared it His own body. But for what reason, if this dogma is also contained in the mystery of the ecclesiastical faith, it was not included with the others in the symbol of the exposition according to the blameless faith of Christians by our holy and blessed Fathers, who were gathered at various times for the confirmation of the divine dogmas of the holy, of God, and apostolic Church, let us leave for the wise to say. But I think it is enough for the present for these things to have been said as a digression to these people. But let us turn to the others.

110 (110). TO THOSE WHO SAY THAT BODIES PRE-EXIST SOULS

To those who say that bodies pre-exist souls. To say that souls come into existence after bodies, O you, is easy and for anyone who wishes, but to establish what is said with reason is very difficult and laborious, and never having an easy proof for the effort. For if that which is deposited, according to you, for the occasion of human generation is completely without soul, and clearly is in every way devoid of vital power. For that which is completely deprived of any soul whatsoever is also destitute of all vital energy. But if it is completely devoid of a soul and of the vital power and energy corresponding to it, it is obviously dead; and if we suppose it to be dead, it is neither nourished nor does it grow, nor will it be able to subsist at all, and remain completely unscattered and undissolved. And what has been said is proven by the healing of wounds in bodies. For when physicians touch these, if they should find dead flesh on the surface, having first consumed this with caustic drugs 14Ε_044, thus they apply what is for the regrowth of the body hollowed out by the wound for replenishment, since the living 1337 body clearly has a nature that sends forth new growth and a power constitutive and restorative of its own state, while the dead part does not effect this at all, being once dead and completely deprived of vital power, and for this reason being inactive. And how will that which is by nature scatterable and easily dissolved hold together, if there is not pre-existing, conceptually, as it were, in the manner of a foundation, some vital power which naturally composes and binds together around itself that which is being scattered, in which it has been allotted to have its being and its form from the power that wisely crafts all things? For in whatever reality being truly subsists for the body after it is born, in that it would certainly and rightly be said to have also the beginning of its existence. For by separation from which the body is by nature dissolved, with the existence of that very thing, clearly, it would reasonably and certainly also have co-existed at its generation.

But if, being hard-pressed by these reasonings, O you, you say that that which is deposited for the occasion of the human constitution is not at all dead, but of vital

9

Πῶς δέ, εἴπερ ἀνασχοίμεθα 1336 τοῦτο λεγόντων αὐτῶν, κατά τόν ἅγιον τοῦτον διδάσκαλον, πιστεύσομεν ὅτι τό ἑνωθέν τῷ Θεῷ καί σώζεται; " Ὅ γάρ, φησί πρός Κληδόνιον γράφων, ἥνωται τῷ Θεῷ, τοῦτο καί σώζεται». Ἡνώθη δέ τῷ Θεῷ Λόγῳ μετά τῆς ψυχῆς καί τό σῶμα. Ἅρα μετά τῆς ψυχῆς καί τό σῶμα σωθήσεται. Καί πάλιν, εἰ διά τοῦτο σαρκοῦται, κατά τόν θεόφρονα τοῦτον διδάσκαλον, ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγος, ἵνα καί τήν εἰκόνα σώσῃ καί τήν σάρκα ἀθανατίσῃ, πῶς τό σωζόμενον ἀπολεῖται, καί θνήξεται πάλιν τό ἀθανατιζόμενον, μᾶλλον δέ κυριώτερον εἰπεῖν, θεωθέν ὅλον διά μέσης τῆς νοερᾶς ψυχῆς θεότητι μεσιτευούσης καί σώματι, παροῦσαν ὅλην ἀῤῥήτως οὐσιωδῶς 14Ε_042 τήν τοῦ σαρκωθέντος ὑπόστασιν Θεοῦ Λόγου δεξάμενον, καί ἴδιον αὐτό σῶμα ποιησαμένου τε καί ἀποφήναντος, οὐκ ἔχω συνιδεῖν. Τίνος δέ χάριν, εἴπερ τῷ μυστηρίῶ τῆς ἐκκλησιαστικῆς πίστεως καί τοῦτο περιέχεται τό δόγμα, μή τοῖς ἄλλοις συμπεριελήφθη ἐν τῷ συμβόλῳ τῆς κατά τήν ἀμώμητον πίστιν τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἐκθέσεως ὑπό τῶν ἁγίων καί μακαρίων Πατέρων ἡμῶν, τῶν συναθροισθέντων κατά καιρούς ἐπί βεβαιώσει τῶν θείων τῆς ἁγίας τοῦ Θεοῦ καί ἀποστολικῆς Ἐκκλησίας δογμάτων, λέγειν τοῖς σοφοῖς καταλείψωμεν. Ἀλλ᾿ ἀρχεῖν οἶμαι πρός τό παρόν παρεκβατικῶς ταῦτα ῥηθῆναι πρός τούτους. Πρός δέ τούς ἄλλους τρεψώμεθα.

ΡΙ (110). ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΥΣ ΛΕΓΟΝΤΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΨΥΧΩΝ ΠΡΟΫΠΑΡΧΕΙΝ ΤΑ ΣΩΜΑΤΑ

Πρός τούς λέγοντας τῶν ψυχῶν προϋπάρχειν τά σώματα. Τό μεθυπάρχειν τῶν σωμάτων τάς ψυχάς, ὧ οὗτοι, λέγειν εὔκολον καί τοῦ

βουλομένου παντός, τό δέ λόγῳ συστήσασθαι τό λεγόμενον πάνυ δύσκολον καί ἐργῶδες, καί οὔποτε ῥᾴστην ἔχον τῆς σπουδῆς τήν ἀπόδειξιν. Εἰ γάρ τό καταβαλλόμενον καθ᾿ ὑμᾶς εἰς πρόφασιν τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης γενέσεως παντάπασίν ἐστιν ἄψυχον, καί ζωτικῆς δηλονότι δυνάμεως πάντη καθέστηκεν ἄμοιρον. Τό γάρ ψυχῆς παντελῶς τῆς οἱασοῦν ἐστερημένον καί πάσης ζωτικῆς ἐνεργείας ἐστίν ἔρημον. Εἰ δέ ψυχῆς καί τῆς κατ᾿ αὐτήν ζωτικῆς δυνάμεώς τε καί ἐνεργείας παντελῶς καθέστηκεν ἄμοιρον, δηλονότι νεκρόν τυγχάνει· εἰ δέ νεκρόν αὐτό ὑποτιθέμεθα εἶναι, οὔτε τρέφεται οὔτε αὔξεται, οὐδ᾿ ὅλως ὑποστῆσαι δυνήσεται, καί μεῖναι παντελῶς ἀσκέδαστόν τε καί ἀδιάχυτον. Τεκμηριοῖ δέ τό λεχθέν ὁ ἐν τοῖς σώμασι τῶν ἑλκῶν ἀκεσμός. Ἡνίκα γάρ ἐφάπτονται τούτων ἰατρῶν παῖδες, εἰ εὕροιεν ἐπιπολάζον σῶμα νεκρόν, τοῖς κατεσθίουσι τοῦτο φαρμάκοις 14Ε_044 προαναλώσαντες, οὕτω τά πρός ἀνάδοσιν τοῦ κοιλανθέντος ἐκ τῆς ὠτειλῆς σώματος ἐπιβάλλουσιν εἰς ἀναπλήρωσιν, ὡς τοῦ ζῶντος 1337 δηλαδή σώματος φύσιν ἔχοντος ἀναπεμπάζουσαν καί δύναμιν τῆς οἰκείας ἕξεως συστατικήν τε καί ἐπανακλητικήν, τοῦ δέ νεκροῦ τοῦτο μηδαμῶς ἐνεργοῦντος, ἅπαξ νενεκρωμένου καί παντελῶς ζωτικῆς ἐστερημένου δυνάμεως, καί διά τοῦτο ἀνενεργήτου τυγχάνοντος. Πῶς δέ καί στήσεται τό φύσει σκεδαστόν τε καί εὐδιάλυτον, μή οἱονεί θεμελίου τρόπον κατ᾿ ἐπίνοιαν προϋποκειμένης τινός ζωτικῆς δυνάμεως, περί ἑαυτήν φυσικῶς συγκρινούσης τε καί διασφιγγούσης τό σκεδαννύμενον, ἐν ᾗ τό εἶναί τε καί εἰδοποιεῖσθαι παρά τῆς τά ὅλα σοφῶς τεχνιτευούσης δυνάμεως ἔχειν ἔλαχεν; Ἐν ᾧ γάρ ἄν πράγματι μετά τό τεχθῆναι περίεστιν ἀληθῶς τό εἶναι τῷ σώματι, ἐν ἐκείνῳ πάντως δικαίως ἄν λέγοιτο ἔχειν καί τήν ἀρχήν τῆς ὑπάρξεως. Οὗτινος γάρ τῷ χωρισμῷ διαλύεσθαι πέφυκε τό σῶμα, τούτου δηλαδή τῇ ὑπάρξει κατά τήν γένεσιν εὐλόγως ἄν πάντως καί συνυφέστηκεν.

Εἰ δέ τούτοις στενοχωρούμενοι τοῖς λογισμοῖς, ὧ οὗτοι, φατέ μή νεκρόν εἶναι παντάπασι τό καταβαλλόμενον εἰς πρόφασιν τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης συστάσεως, ζωτικῆς δέ