Chapter VIII.127    Compare The Apology, c. viii.—The Calumny Against the Christians Illustrated in the Discovery of Psammetichus. Refutation of the Story.

We are indeed said to be the “third race” of men. What, a dog-faced race?128    Cynopæ. This class would furnish the unnatural “teeth,” and “jaws,” just referred to. Or broadly shadow-footed?129    Sciapodes with broad feet producing a large shade; suited for the “incestuous lust” above mentioned. Or some subterranean130    Literally, “which come up from under ground.” Antipodes? If you attach any meaning to these names, pray tell us what are the first and the second race, that so we may know something of this “third.”  Psammetichus thought that he had hit upon the ingenious discovery of the primeval man. He is said to have removed certain new-born infants from all human intercourse, and to have entrusted them to a nurse, whom he had previously deprived of her tongue, in order that, being completely exiled from all sound of the human voice, they might form their speech without hearing it; and thus, deriving it from themselves alone, might indicate what that first nation was whose speech was dictated by nature. Their first utterance was Bekkos, a word which means “bread” in the language of Phrygia: the Phrygians, therefore, are supposed to be the first of the human race.131    Tertullian got this story from Herodotus, ii. 2. But it will not be out of place if we make one observation, with a view to show how your faith abandons itself more to vanities than to verities. Can it be, then, at all credible that the nurse retained her life, after the loss of so important a member, the very organ of the breath of life,132    Ipsius animæ organo.—cut out, too, from the very root, with her throat133    Faucibus. mutilated, which cannot be wounded even on the outside without danger, and the putrid gore flowing back to the chest, and deprived for so long a time of her food? Come, even suppose that by the remedies of a Philomela she retained her life, in the way supposed by wisest persons, who account for the dumbness not by cutting out the tongue, but from the blush of shame; if on such a supposition she lived, she would still be able to blurt out some dull sound. And a shrill inarticulate noise from opening the mouth only, without any modulation of the lips, might be forced from the mere throat, though there were no tongue to help. This, it is probable, the infants readily imitated, and the more so because it was the only sound; only they did it a little more neatly, as they had tongues;134    Utpote linguatuli. and then they attached to it a definite signification. Granted, then, that the Phrygians were the earliest race, it does not follow that the Christians are the third. For how many other nations come regularly after the Phrygians? Take care, however, lest those whom you call the third race should obtain the first rank, since there is no nation indeed which is not Christian. Whatever nation, therefore, was the first, is nevertheless Christian now.135    This is one of the passages which incidentally show how widely spread was Christianity. It is ridiculous folly which makes you say we are the latest race, and then specifically call us the third. But it is in respect of our religion,136    De Superstitione. not of our nation, that we are supposed to be the third; the series being the Romans, the Jews, and the Christians after them. Where, then, are the Greeks? or if they are reckoned amongst the Romans in regard to their superstition (since it was from Greece that Rome borrowed even her gods), where at least are the Egyptians, since these have, so far as I know, a mysterious religion peculiar to themselves? Now, if they who belong to the third race are so monstrous, what must they be supposed to be who preceded them in the first and the second place?

8. Si qua istic, apud vos saltem ratio est, edatis velim primum et secundum genus, ut ita de tertio constet. Psammetichus quidem putavit tibi se ingenio exploratus, si de prima generis: dicitur enim infantes recenti e partu seorsum a commercio hominum alendos tradidisse nutrici, quam et ipsam propterea elinguaverat, ut in totum exsules vocis humanae non auditu formarent loquelam, sed suo promentes eam primam nationem designarent, cujus 0570B sonum natura dictasset. Prima vox Bekkos renuntiata est; interpretatio ejus Panis apud Phrygas nomen est; Phryges primi genus exinde habentur. Sed hoc unum erit de vanitatibus vestrarum fabularum non otiose nobis retractandum, quo fidem vestram vanitatibus quam veritatibus deditam demonstrare gestimus. An omnino credibile sit, tali membro desecto, vastato ipsius animae organo et utique radicitus caeso, castratis faucibus, quae etiam extrinsecus periculose vulnerantur, exinde tabo in praecordia refluente, postremo aliquamdiu cessantibus alimentis, vitam nutrici perdurasse? Age nunc, perseveraverit Philomelae medicamentis . . . . quam et ipsam prudentiores, non linguae caede, sed pudoris rubore mutam interpretantur. Si ergo vixit, potuit 0570C effutire aliquid obtusum et exarticulatum sonum tinnitumque, sine modulatu labellorum, expanso ore, lingua stupente, de solis faucibus cogi licet: id fors tunc infantes, quia unicum, facilius commentati, paulo modulatius, utpote linguatuli, in ventum alicujus interpretationis impegerint. Sint nunc primi Phryges, non tamen tertii Christiani; quantae enim aliae gentium series post Phrygas? Verum recogitate, ne quos tertium genus dicitis, principem locum obtineant, siquidem non ulla gens non Christiana; itaque quaecumque gens prima, nihilominus Christiana. Ridicula dementia, novissimos dicitis et tertios nominatis. Sed de superstitione tertium genus deputamur, non de ratione, ut sint Romani, Judaei, dehinc Christiani. Ubi autem Graeci? vel si in Romanorum 0570D superstitionibus censentur, quandoquidem 0571A etiam deos Graeciae (c 6) Roma sollicitavit, ubi saltem Aegyptii, et ipsi, quod sciam, privatae curiosaeque religionis? Porro, si tam monstruosi, qui tertii loci, quales habendi, qui primo et secundo antecedunt?