FIRST CATECHETICAL LECTURE
of
Our Holy Father Cyril,
Archbishop of Jerusalem,
To those who are to be Enlightened, delivered extempore at Jerusalem, as an Introductory Lecture to those who had come forward for Baptism 1 The title prefixed to this Lecture is given in full. In the following Lectures the form will be abbreviated. See Index, ἀνάγνωσις and σχεδιασθεῖσα. :
With a reading fromIsaiah
Wash you, make you clean; put away your iniquities from your souls, from before mine eyes , and the rest 2 Is. i. 16. .
1. Disciples of the New Testament and partakers of the mysteries of Christ, as yet by calling only, but ere long by grace also, make you a new heart and a new spirit 3 Ezek. xviii. 31. , that there may be gladness among the inhabitants of heaven: for if over one sinner that repenteth there is joy , according to the Gospel 4 Luke xv. 7. , how much more shall the salvation of so many souls move the inhabitants of heaven to gladness. As ye have entered upon a good and most glorious path, run with reverence the race of godliness. For the Only-begotten Son of God is present here most ready to redeem you, saying, Come unto Me all that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest 5 Matt. xi. 28. . Ye that are clothed with the rough garment 6 Compare xv. 25. of your offences, who are holden with the cords of your own sins , hear the voice of the Prophet saying, Wash you, make you clean, put away your iniquities from before Mine eyes 7 Is. i. 16. : that the choir of Angels may chant over you, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered 8 Ps. xxxii. 1. See Procat. 15. . Ye who have just lighted the torches of faith 9 Procat. 1, note 6. , guard them carefully in your hands unquenched; that He, who erewhile on this all-holy Golgotha opened Paradise to the robber on account of his faith, may grant to you to sing the bridal song.
2. If any here is a slave of sin, let him promptly prepare himself through faith for the new birth into freedom and adoption; and having put off the miserable bondage of his sins, and taken on him the most blessed bondage of the Lord, so may he be counted worthy to inherit the kingdom of heaven. Put off , by confession 10 See Index, “Confession.” , the old man, which waxeth corrupt after the lusts of deceit , that ye may put on the new man, which is renewed according to knowledge of Him that created him 11 Eph. iv. 22; Col. iii. 10. . Get you the earnest of the Holy Spirit 12 2 Cor. i. 22. through faith, that ye may be able to be received into the everlasting habitations 13 Luke xvi. 9. . Come for the mystical Seal, that ye may be easily recognised by the Master; be ye numbered among the holy and spiritual flock of Christ, to be set apart on His right hand, and inherit the life prepared for you. For they to whom the rough garment 14 Compare xv. 25. of their sins still clings are found on the left hand, because they came not to the grace of God which is given through Christ at the new birth of Baptism: new birth I mean not of bodies, but the spiritual new birth of the soul. For our bodies are begotten by parents who are seen, but our souls are begotten anew through faith: for the Spirit bloweth where it listeth 15 John iii. 8. : and then, if thou be found worthy, thou mayest hear, Well done, good and faithful servant 16 Matt. xxv. 21. , when thou art found to have no defilement of hypocrisy in thy conscience.
3. For if any of those who are present should think to tempt God’s grace, he deceives himself, and knows not its power. Keep thy soul free from hypocrisy, O man, because of Him who searcheth hearts and reins 17 Ps. vii. 10. . For as those who are going to make a levy for war examine the ages and the bodies of those who are taking service, so also the Lord in enlisting souls examines their purpose: and if any has a secret hypocrisy, He rejects the man as unfit for His true service; but if He finds one worthy, to him He readily gives His grace. He gives not holy things to the dogs 18 Matt. vii. 6. ; but where He discerns the good conscience, there He gives the Seal of salvation, that wondrous Seal, which devils tremble at, and Angels recognise; that the one may be driven to flight, and the others may watch around it as kindred to themselves. Those therefore who receive this spiritual and saving Seal, have need also of the disposition akin to it. For as a writing-reed or a dart has need of one to use it, so grace also has need of believing minds.
4. Thou art receiving not a perishable but a spiritual shield. Henceforth thou art planted in the invisible 19 Gr. νοητόν, i.e. the true Paradise, to be seen by the mind, not by the eye. Apoc. xii. 7, 17. Paradise. Thou receivest a new name, which thou hadst not before. Heretofore thou wast a Catechumen, but now thou wilt be called a Believer. Thou art transplanted henceforth among the spiritual 20 See preceding note. olive-trees, being grafted from the wild into the good olive-tree 21 Rom. xi. 24. , from sins into righteousness, from pollutions into purity. Thou art made partaker of the Holy Vine 22 John xv. 1, 4, 5. . Well then, if thou abide in the Vine, thou growest as a fruitful branch; but if thou abide not, thou wilt be consumed by the fire. Let us therefore bear fruit worthily. God forbid that in us should be done what befell that barren fig-tree 23 Matt. xxi. 19. , that Jesus come not even now and curse us for our barrenness. But may all be able to use that other saying, But I am like a fruitful olive-tree in the house of God: I have trusted in the mercy of God for ever 24 Ps. lii. 10. ,—an olive-tree not to be perceived by sense, but by the mind 25 νοητή, see note 1, above. , and full of light. As then it is His part to plant and to water 26 1 Cor. iii. 6. When Paul plants and Apollos waters, it is God Himself who works through His ministers. , so it is thine to bear fruit: it is God’s to grant grace, but thine to receive and guard it. Despise not the grace because it is freely given, but receive and treasure it devoutly.
5. The present is the season of confession: confess what thou hast done in word or in deed, by night or by day; confess in an acceptable time, and in the day of salvation 27 2 Cor. vi. 2. receive the heavenly treasure. Devote thy time to the Exorcisms: be assiduous at the Catechisings, and remember the things that shall be spoken, for they are spoken not for thine ears only, but that by faith thou mayest seal them up in the memory. Blot out from thy mind all earthly 28 Literally “human.” care: for thou art running for thy soul. Thou art utterly forsaking the things of the world: little are the things which thou art forsaking, great what the Lord is giving. Forsake things present, and put thy trust in things to come. Hast thou run so many circles of the years busied in vain about the world, and hast thou not forty days to be free (for prayer 29 Some mss. omit τῇ προσευχῇ after σχολάζεις. ), for thine own soul’s sake? Be still 30 Ps. xlvi. 10: σχολάσατε. Compare Procat. 13. , and know that I am God , saith the Scripture. Excuse thyself from talking many idle words: neither backbite, nor lend a willing ear to backbiters; but rather be prompt to prayer. Shew in ascetic exercise that thy heart is nerved 31 Compare Procat. 17: xviii. 1. . Cleanse thy vessel, that thou mayest receive grace more abundantly. For though remission of sins is given equally to all, the communion of the Holy Ghost is bestowed in proportion to each man’s faith. If thou hast laboured little, thou receivest little; but if thou hast wrought much, the reward is great. Thou art running for thyself, see to thine own interest.
6. If thou hast aught against any man, forgive it: thou comest here to receive forgiveness of sins, and thou also must forgive him that hath sinned against thee. Else with what face wilt thou say to the Lord, Forgive me my many sins, if thou hast not thyself forgiven thy fellow-servant even his little sins. Attend diligently the Church assemblies 32 See Index, σύναξις. ; not only now when diligent attendance is required of thee by the Clergy, but also after thou hast received the grace. For if, before thou hast received it, the practice is good, is it not also good after the bestowal? If before thou be grafted in, it is a safe course to be watered and tended, is it not far better after the planting? Wrestle for thine own soul, especially in such days as these. Nourish thy soul with sacred readings; for the Lord hath prepared for thee a spiritual table; therefore say thou also after the Psalmist, The Lord is my shepherd, and I shall lack nothing: in a place of grass, there hath He made me rest; He hath fed me beside the waters of comfort, He hath converted my soul 33 Ps. xxiii. 1–3. :—that Angels also may share your joy, and Christ Himself the great High Priest, having accepted your resolve, may present you all to the Father, saying, Behold, I and the children whom God hath given Me 34 Is. viii. 18; Heb. ii. 13. . May He keep you all well-pleasing in His sight! To whom be the glory, and the power unto the endless ages of eternity. Amen.
[1] ΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΑΓΙΟΙΣ ΠΑΤΡΟΣ ΗΜΩΝ ΚΥΡΙΛΛΟΥ ΑΡΧΙΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΙΕΡΟΣΟΛΥΜΩΝ ΚΑΤΗΧΗΣΙΣ αʹ ΦΩΤΙΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις σχεδιασθεῖσα, ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΙΚΗ τοῖς τῷ βαπτίσματι προσελθοῦσι. Καὶ ἀνάγνωσις ἐκ τοῦ Ἠσαΐου: Λούσασθε, καθαροὶ γίνεσθε: ἀφέλετε τὰς πονηρίας ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν, ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς.
Καινῆς διαθήκης μαθηταὶ, καὶ Χριστοῦ Μυστηρίων κοινωνοὶ, νῦν μὲν τῇ κλήσει, μετ' ὀλίγον δὲ καὶ τῇ χάριτι, καρδίαν ἑαυτοῖς ποιήσατε καινὴν, καὶ πνεῦμα καινὸν, ἵνα εὐφροσύνης ὑπόθεσις γένησθε τοῖς οὐρανίοις. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ ἑνὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ μετανοοῦντι χαρὰ γίνεται κατὰ τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον, πόσῳ μᾶλλον ἡ τοσούτων σωτηρία ψυχῶν κινήσει πρὸς εὐφροσύνην τοὺς οὐρανίους; Ἀγαθῆς ὁδοῦ καὶ καλλίστης ἐφαψάμενοι, τὸν τῆς εὐσεβείας εὐλαβῶς δράμετε δρόμον. Εἰς γὰρ τὴν ὑμετέραν ἀπολύτρωσιν ἑτοιμότατος πάρεστιν ὁ μονογενὴς υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, λέγων: Δεῦτε πρός με πάντες οἱ κοπιῶντες καὶ πεφορτισμένοι, κἀγὼ ἀναπαύσω ὑμᾶς. Οἱ τὸ χαλεπὸν τῶν πταισμάτων ἠμφιεσμένοι, καὶ σειραῖς τῶν οἰκείων ἁμαρτιῶν ἐσφιγμένοι, τῆς προφητικῆς φωνῆς ἀκούσατε λεγούσης: Λούσασθε, καθαροὶ γίνεσθε: ἀφέλετε τὰς πονηρίας ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν, ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου: ἵνα ἀγγελικὸς ὑμῖν ἐπιφωνήσῃ χορός: Μακάριοι ὧν ἀφέθησαν αἱ ἀνομίαι, καὶ ὧν ἐπεκαλύφθησαν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι. Οἱ τὰς τῆς πίστεως λαμπάδας ἐξάψαντες ἀρτίως, ἀσβέστους ἐν χερσὶ διατηρήσατε ταύτας: ἵν' ὁ τῷ λῃστῆ τότε τὸν παράδεισον ἐν τῷ παναγίῳ τούτῳ Γολγοθᾷ διὰ τὴν πίστιν ἀνοίξας, τὸ νυμφικὸν ὑμῖν ᾆσαι παράσχοι μέλος.
Δοῦλος εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἑτοιμότατος γενέσθω διὰ τῆς πίστεως, εἰς τὴν ἐλευθέριον τῆς υἱοθεσίας ἀναγέννησιν: καὶ τὴν μὲν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν κακίστην δουλείαν ἀποθέμενος, τὴν δὲ τοῦ Κυρίου μακαριωτάτην δουλείαν κτησάμενος, καταξιωθήτω τὴν τῶν οὐρανῶν κληρονομῆσαι βασιλείαν. Ἐκδύσασθε τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον, τὸν φθειρόμενον κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ἀπάτης, διὰ τῆς ἐξομολογήσεως, ὅπως ἐνδύσησθε τὸν καινὸν, τὸν ἀνακαινούμενον κατ' ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ κτίσαντος αὐτόν. Τὸν ἀῤῥαβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου κτήσασθε διὰ τῆς πίστεως, ὅπως δυνηθῆτε δεχθῆναι εἰς τὰς αἰωνίους σκηνάς. Προσέλθετε εἰς τὴν μυστικὴν σφραγίδα, ἵνα εὔγνωστοι ἦτε τῷ δεσπότῃ: συγκαταριθμήθητε τῇ ἁγίᾳ καὶ λογικῇ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ποίμνῃ, εἰς τὰ δεξιὰ αὐτοῦ ἀφορισθησόμενοι, καὶ κληρονομοῦντες τὴν ἡτοιμασμένην ὑμῖν ζωήν. Οἷς γὰρ ἔτι τὸ τραχὺ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν περίκειται, οὗτοι ἐν τοῖς ἀριστεροῖς τυγχάνουσι, διὰ τὸ μὴ προσελθεῖν τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριτι, τῇ δοθείσῃ διὰ Χριστοῦ ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ λουτροῦ ἀναγεννήσει. Ἀναγέννησιν δὲ οὐ σωμάτων λέγω, ἀλλὰ ψυχῆς τὴν πνευματικὴν ἀναγέννησιν. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ σώματα διὰ τῶν φαινομένων γονέων γεννᾶται, αἱ δὲ ψυχαὶ διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἀναγεννῶνται: τὸ γὰρ Πνεῦμα ὅπου θέλει πνεῖ. Καὶ τότε ἀκοῦσαι ἔχεις, ἐὰν ἄξιος γένῃ: Εὖ δοῦλε ἀγαθὲ καὶ πιστέ, ὅταν εὑρεθῇς μηδὲν ἀκάθαρτον ὑποκρίσεως ἔχων ἐν συνειδήσει.
Εἰ γάρ τις τῶν ἐνταῦθα νομίζοι πειράζειν τὴν χάριν, ἑαυτὸν ἀπατᾷ, καὶ τὴν δύναμιν ἀγνοεῖ. Ἀνυπόκριτον ἔχε τὴν ψυχὴν, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, διὰ τὸν ἐτάζοντα καρδίας καὶ νεφρούς. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ μέλλοντες στρατεύειν, ἐρευνῶσι τὰς ἡλικίας καὶ τὰ σώματα τῶν στρατευομένων, οὕτω καὶ ὁ Κύριος στρατολογῶν τὰς ψυχὰς, ἐρευνᾷ τὰς προαιρέσεις: κἂν μὲν ὑπόκρισιν εὕρῃ κρυπτομένην, ἀπέβαλε τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὡς τῆς ἀληθοῦς στρατείας ἀνεπιτήδειον: εἰ δὲ ἄξιον καταλάβῃ, τούτῳ δίδωσιν ἑτοίμως τὴν χάριν. Οὐ δίδωσι τὰ ἅγια τοῖς κυσίν: ἀλλ' ὅπου βλέπει τὴν ἀγαθὴν προαίρεσιν, ἐκεῖ τὴν σωτηριώδη δίδωσι σφραγίδα, τὴν θαυμασίαν, ἣν τρέμουσι δαίμονες καὶ γινώσκουσιν ἄγγελοι: ἵνα οἱ μὲν φύγωσιν ἐλασθέντες, οἱ δὲ περιέπωσιν ὡς οἰκεῖον. Τοῖς οὖν λαμβάνουσι τὴν πνευματικὴν ταύτην σφραγίδα καὶ σωτήριον, χρεία καὶ τῆς οἰκείας προαιρέσεως. Ὥσπερ γὰρ κάλαμος γραφικὸς ἢ καὶ βέλος χρείαν ἔχει τοῦ συνεργοῦντος, οὕτω καὶ ἡ χάρις χρείαν ἔχει τῶν πιστευόντων.
Ὅπλον λαμβάνεις οὐ φθαρτὸν, ἀλλὰ πνευματικόν. Καταφυτεύῃ λοιπὸν εἰς τὸν νοητὸν παράδεισον. Λαμβάνεις ὄνομα καινὸν, ὃ πρότερον οὐκ εἶχες. Πρὸ τούτου Κατηχούμενος ἦς, νῦν δὲ κληθήσῃ Πιστός. Μεταφυτεύῃ λοιπὸν εἰς τὰς ἐλαίας τὰς νοητὰς, ἐξ ἀγριελαίου εἰς καλλιέλαιον ἐγκεντριζόμενος: ἐξ ἁμαρτιῶν εἰς δικαιοσύνην, ἐκ μολυσμῶν εἰς καθαρότητα. Γίνῃ κοινωνὸς τῆς ἁγίας ἀμπέλου. Ἀλλ' ἐὰν μὲν ἐπιμείνῃς ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ, αὔξῃ ὡς κλῆμα καρποφόρον: ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἐπιμείνῃς, ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς καταναλωθήσῃ. Καρποφορήσωμεν τοίνυν ἀξίως. Μὴ γένοιτο γὰρ, ἵνα ἐν ἡμῖν γένηται τὸ, κατὰ τὴν ἄκαρπον ἐκείνην συκῆν, μή ποτε ἐλθὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ νῦν καταράσηται διὰ τὴν ἀκαρπίαν. Ἀλλ' εἴη πάντας ἐκεῖνο λέγειν: Ἐγὼ δὲ ὡσεὶ ἐλαία κατάκαρπος ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ, [ἤλπισα ἐπὶ τὸ ἔλεος τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα]: ἐλαία οὐκ αἰσθητὴ, ἀλλὰ νοητὴ, φωτοφόρος. Αὐτοῦ μὲν οὖν ἐστι τὸ καταφυτεῦσαι καὶ τὸ ποτίσαι, σὸν δὲ τὸ καρποφορῆσαι. Θεοῦ τὸ χαρίσασθαι, σὸν δὲ τὸ λαβεῖν καὶ διατηρῆσαι: μὴ διὰ τὸ δωρεὰν δίδοσθαι τὴν χάριν, καταφρόνει: ἀλλὰ λαβὼν συντήρησον εὐλαβῶς.
Καιρὸς ἐξομολογήσεως ὁ παρών. Ἐξομολόγησαι τὰ πεπραγμένα, τὰ ἐν λόγῳ, τὰ ἐν ἔργῳ: τὰ ἐν νυκτὶ, τὰ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ: ἐξομολόγησαι ἐν καιρῷ δεκτῷ: καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σωτηρίας δέξαι τὸν ἐπουράνιον θησαυρόν. Σχόλασον εἰς τοὺς ἐπορκισμούς: παρέδρευε ταῖς κατηχήσεσι, καὶ μέμνησο τῶν λεχθησομένων. Λέγεται γὰρ, οὐκ ἵνα μόνον ἀκούσῃς, ἀλλ' ἵνα διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐπισφραγίσῃς τὰ λεγόμενα. Πᾶσαν μέριμναν ἀνθρωπίνην ἐξάλειψον ἀπὸ σοῦ: περὶ ψυχῆς γὰρ τρέχεις. Τὰ τοῦ κόσμου πάντως καταλιμπάνεις: μικρὰ τὰ καταλιμπανόμενα, μέγαλα δὲ τὰ παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου δωρούμενα. Κατάλειπε τὰ παρόντα, καὶ πίστευε εἰς τὰ μέλλοντα. Τοσούτους κύκλους ἐνιαυτῶν διῆλθες, περὶ τὸν κόσμον μάτην ἀσχολούμενος: καὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρας οὐ σχολάζεις, διὰ τὴν σαυτοῦ ψυχήν; Σχολάσατε, καὶ γνῶτε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεός, φησιν ἡ γραφή. Τὸ λαλεῖν πολλὰ ἀργὰ παραίτησαι: μήτε καταλάλει, μήτε ἡδέως ἄκουε καταλαλοῦντος: ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον εἰς προσευχὰς ἕτοιμος ἔσο: δεῖξον ἐν ἀσκήσει, τῆς καρδίας σου τὸ νενευρωμένον. Καθάρισόν σου τὸ ἄγγος, ἵνα πλείονα δέξῃ τὴν χάριν. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἄφεσις τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἐξ ἴσου δίδοται τοῖς πᾶσιν: ἡ δὲ τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου κοινωνία, κατ' ἀναλογίαν δεδώρηται τῆς ἑκάστου πίστεως. Ἐὰν ὀλίγα κάμῃς, ὀλίγα λαμβάνεις: ἐὰν δὲ ἐργάσῃ πολλὰ, πολὺς ὁ μισθός. Σεαυτῷ τρέχεις, τὸ συμφέρον σκόπει.
Εἴ τι κατά τινος ἔχεις, ἄφες. Προσέρχῃ λαβεῖν ἁμαρτιῶν ἄφεσιν, ἀνάγκη καί σε συγχωρῆσαι τῷ ἡμαρτηκότι. Ἐπεὶ ποίῳ προσώπῳ τῷ Κυρίῳ λέξεις, Ἄφες μοι τὰς πολλάς μου ἁμαρτίας, αὐτὸς σὺ μηδὲ τὰς ὀλίγας τῷ συνδούλῳ συγχωρήσας; Εἰς τὰς Συνάξεις ἔσο σπουδαῖος: μὴ μόνον νῦν, ὅτε καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν κληρικῶν τὴν σπουδὴν ἀπαιτῇ, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ τὸ λαβεῖν τὴν χάριν. Εἰ γὰρ πρὶν λάβῃς, καλὸν τὸ γινόμενον, ἆρα οὐχὶ καὶ μετὰ τὴν δόσιν καλόν; Εἰ πρὶν ἐγκεντρισθῇς, ἀσφαλὲς τὸ ποτίζεσθαι, καὶ γεωργεῖσθαι: μετὰ τὴν φυτείαν ἆρ' οὐχὶ πολὺ κάλλιον; Ἀγώνισαι περὶ τῆς σαυτοῦ ψυχῆς, μάλιστα ἐν τοιαύταις ἡμέραις: θρέψον σου τὴν ψυχὴν ἀναγνώσεσι θείαις: ἡτοίμασε γάρ σοι τράπεζαν πνευματικὴν ὁ Κύριος. Εἰπὲ καὶ αὐτὸς κατὰ τὸν ψαλμωδόν: Κύριος ποιμαίνει με, καὶ οὐδέν με ὑστερήσει: εἰς τόπον χλόης ἐκεῖ με κατεσκήνωσεν, ἐπὶ ὕδατος ἀναπαύσεως ἐξέθρεψέ με: τὴν ψυχήν μου ἐπέστρεψεν: ἵνα καὶ ἄγγελοι συνευφρανθῶσι, καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ μέγας ἀρχιερεὺς, τὴν ὑμετέραν προαίρεσιν ἀποδεξάμενος, προσφέρων ὑμᾶς ἅπαντας, εἴπῃ τῶ πατρί: Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ καὶ τὰ παιδία, ἅ μοι ἔδωκεν ὁ Θεός: ὃς πάντας ὑμᾶς εὐαρεστοῦντας αὐτῷ συντηρήσειεν: Ὧ ἡ δόξα [καὶ τὸ κράτος] εἰς τοὺς ἀτελευτήτους αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων: Ἀμήν.