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he who performs the good work will be more securely confirmed by the witness of the majority. But danger accompanies the monastic life in addition to what has been said. The first and greatest is that of self-satisfaction. For having no one who will be able to test his work, he will think that he has attained to the perfection of the commandment; then, by always keeping his disposition untrained, he neither recognizes his own shortcomings, nor does he perceive 31.933 his progress in his works, because he has removed all the material for the practice of the commandments. For in what will he display humility, having no one than whom he can prove himself more humble? In what will he show compassion, being cut off from the fellowship of the majority? And how will he train himself in patience, when no one opposes his wishes? But if someone says it is sufficient to have the teaching of the divine Scriptures for the correction of one's habits, he does the same as one who learns carpentry but never builds, and is taught smithing but does not choose to put the lessons into practice. To whom the Apostle might say: Not the hearers of the law are righteous before God, but the doers of the law will be justified. For behold, the Lord, out of an excess of love for mankind, was not satisfied with teaching by word alone, but in order to hand down to us precisely and clearly the model of humility in the perfection of love, He girded Himself and washed the feet of the disciples. Whose feet, then, will you wash? Whom will you serve? Of whom will you be the last, living by yourself? And how will that which is good and pleasant, the dwelling of brothers together in unity, which the Holy Spirit compares to the ointment breathing forth from the head of the high priest, be fulfilled in a solitary dwelling? Therefore, the dwelling of brothers together is an arena for contest, a successful path of progress, continuous training, and the practice of the Lord's commandments; having as its aim the glory of God according to the commandment of our Lord Jesus Christ who said: Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works and glorify your Father who is in heaven; and preserving the character of the saints recorded in the Acts, concerning whom it is written: And all who believed were together and had all things in common; and again: Now the multitude of those who believed were of one heart and one soul; and no one said that any of the things he possessed was his own, but they had all things in common.

QUESTION 8. Concerning renunciation. Whether it is necessary first to renounce all things, and thus

to approach the life according to God. RESPONSE. Since our Lord Jesus Christ, after much 31.936 and strong proof through many deeds, says to all: If anyone comes to me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me; and again: So therefore, whoever of you does not renounce all that he has cannot be my disciple; we believe that the command extends to more things, the renunciation of which is necessary. For we renounce the devil before all things, and the passions of the flesh, we who have renounced the hidden things of shame, and bodily relationships, and human friendships, and a way of life that wars against the exactness of the Gospel of salvation. And what is more necessary than these, he who has put off the old man with his deeds, who is being corrupted according to the deceitful lusts, renounces himself. And he renounces all worldly attachments that are able to hinder the goal of piety. Such a person, then, will consider his true parents to be those who have begotten him in Christ Jesus through the Gospel, and his brothers those who have received the same Spirit of adoption, and he will regard all possessions as belonging to others, which is the case. In a word, to one for whom, through Christ, the whole world has been crucified, and he to the

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παγιώτερον ὁ τὸ ἀγα θὸν ἔργον ἐπιτελῶν ἐν τῇ τῶν πλειόνων μαρτυρίᾳ βεβαιωθήσεται. Κίνδυνος δὲ παρέπεται τῇ μοναστικῇ ζωῇ πρὸς τοῖς εἰρημένοις. Πρῶτος μὲν καὶ μέγιστος ὁ τῆς αὐταρεσκείας. Οὐδένα γὰρ ἔχων, ὃς δυνήσεται δοκιμάσαι αὐτοῦ τὸ ἔργον, εἰς τὸ τέλειον οἰήσεται τῆς ἐντολῆς ἐφθακέναι· εἶτα ἀγύμναστον ἀεὶ τὴν ἕξιν κατακλείσας, οὔτε τὰ ὑστερήματα ἑαυτοῦ γνωρίζει, οὔτε τὴν ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις προκοπὴν ἐπιγι 31.933 νώσκει, τῷ πᾶσαν ὕλην τῆς ἐργασίας τῶν ἐντολῶν περιῃρηγέναι. Ἐν τίνι γὰρ τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐπιδείξεται, μηδένα ἔχων, οὗ ταπεινότερον ἑαυτὸν ἀποδείξει; Ἐν τίνι τὴν εὐσπλαγχνίαν, ἀποτετμημένος τῆς κοινωνίας τῶν πλειόνων; Πρὸς μακροθυμίαν δὲ πῶς ἑαυτὸν γυμνάσει, μηδενὸς ἀνθισταμένου αὐτοῦ τοῖς θελήμα σιν; Εἰ δέ τις λέγει ἀρκεῖσθαι τῇ τῶν θείων Γραφῶν διδασκαλίᾳ πρὸς τὴν κατόρθωσιν τῶν ἠθῶν, ὅμοιον ποιεῖ τῷ μανθάνοντι μὲν τεκταίνειν, μηδέ ποτε δὲ τεκταίνοντι, καὶ διδασκομένῳ μὲν χαλκευ τικὴν, εἰς ἔργον δὲ προάγειν τὰ διδάγματα μὴ αἱρουμένῳ. Πρὸς ὃν εἴποι ἂν ὁ Ἀπόστολος· Οὐχ οἱ ἀκροαταὶ τοῦ νόμου δίκαιοι παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ, ἀλλ' οἱ ποιηταὶ τοῦ νόμου δικαιωθήσονται. Ἰδοὺ γὰρ ὁ Κύριος δι' ὑπερβολὴν φιλανθρωπίας οὐκ ἠρκέ σθη τῇ ἐκ τοῦ λόγου διδασκαλίᾳ μόνον, ἀλλ' ὥστε ἀκριβῶς καὶ ἐναργῶς ἡμῖν παραδοῦναι τὸ ὑπόδειγμα τῆς ταπεινοφροσύνης ἐν τῇ τελειότητι τῆς ἀγάπης, αὐτὸς περιζωσάμενος ἔνιψε τοὺς πόδας τῶν μαθη τῶν. Τίνα οὖν ἀπονίψεις; τίνα θεραπεύσεις; τίνος ἔσχατος ἔσῃ, αὐτὸς καθ' ἑαυτὸν διάγων; Τὸ δὲ κα λὸν καὶ τερπνὸν, ἡ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατοί κησις, ἣν μύρῳ τῆς τοῦ ἀρχιερέως κεφαλῆς ἀπο πνέοντι τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον παρεικάζει, πῶς ἐν τῇ καταμόνας οἰκήσει συμπληρωθήσεται; Στάδιον οὖν ἀθλήσεως, καὶ προκοπῆς εὐοδία, καὶ διηνεκὴς γυμνασία, καὶ μελέτη τῶν τοῦ Κυρίου ἐντολῶν, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατοίκησίς ἐστι τῶν ἀδελφῶν· σκοπὸν μὲν ἔχουσα τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ κατ' ἐντολὴν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰπόντος· Οὕτω λαμ- ψάτω τὸ φῶς ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὅπως ἴδωσιν ὑμῶν τὰ καλὰ ἔργα, καὶ δοξάσωσι τὸν Πατέρα ὑμῶν τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς· χαρακτῆρα δὲ σώζουσα τῶν ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσιν ἱστορουμένων ἁγίων, περὶ ὧν γέγραπται· Πάντες δὲ οἱ πιστεύον τες ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ, καὶ εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά· καὶ πάλιν· Τοῦ δὲ πλήθους τῶν πιστευ σάντων ἦν ἡ καρδία καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ μία· καὶ οὐδὲ εἷς τι τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ ἔλεγεν ἴδιον εἶναι, ἀλλ' ἦν αὐτοῖς ἅπαντα κοινά.

ΕΡΩΤΗΣΙΣ Ηʹ. Περὶ ἀποταγῆς. Εἰ χρὴ πρῶτον ἀποτάσσεσθαι πᾶσι, καὶ οὕτως

προσιέναι τῇ κατὰ Θεὸν πολιτείᾳ. ΑΠΟΚΡΙΣΙΣ. Τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πολλὴν 31.936 καὶ διὰ πλειόνων πραγμάτων ἰσχυρὰν ἀπόδειξιν λέ γοντος πρὸς πάντας· Εἴ τις ἔρχεται πρὸς μὲ, ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν, καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυ ρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι· καὶ πάλιν· Οὕτως οὖν πᾶς ἐξ ὑμῶν, ὃς οὐκ ἀποτάσσεται πᾶσι τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ὑπάρχουσιν, οὐ δύναταί μου εἶναι μαθητής· ἡγούμεθα τὸ παράγγελμα ἐπὶ πλείονα διατείνειν, ὧν ἡ ἀλλοτρίωσις ἀναγκαία. Καὶ γὰρ τῷ διαβόλῳ πρὸ πάντων ἀποτασσόμεθα, καὶ τοῖς πάθεσι τῆς σαρκὸς, οἱ ἀπειπάμενοι τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς αἰσχύνης, καὶ συγγενείαις σωματικαῖς, καὶ ἑται ρείαις ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ἔθει βίου μαχομένῳ πρὸς τὴν ἀκρίβειαν τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου τῆς σωτηρίας. Καὶ τὸ τούτων ἀναγκαιότερον, αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ ἀποτάσσεται ὁ ἀποδυσάμενος τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον σὺν ταῖς πρά ξεσιν αὐτοῦ, τὸν φθειρόμενον κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ἀπάτης. Ἀποτάσσεται δὲ καὶ πάσαις προσπα θείαις τοῦ κόσμου, ἐμποδίζειν τῷ σκοπῷ τῆς εὐσεβείας δυναμέναις. Γονεῖς μὲν οὖν ὁ τοιοῦτος τοὺς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ διὰ τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου γεννή σαντας αὐτὸν ἀληθινοὺς ἡγήσεται, ἀδελφοὺς δὲ τοὺς τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς υἱοθεσίας λαβόντας, κτήμασι δὲ πᾶσιν ὡς ἀλλοτρίοις, ὅπερ ἐστὶ, προσέξει. Ἑνὶ δὲ λόγῳ, ᾧ διὰ Χριστὸν ὅλος ὁ κόσμος ἐσταύρωται, καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ