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alone.” And again, “You shall worship the Lord your God, and him only shall you serve.” And, “There is no God but me.” For “one” and “only” concerning God in Scripture are not said in contradistinction to the Son or the Holy Spirit, but in relation to those who are not gods, but are falsely so called. As in, “The Lord alone led them, and there was no strange god with them.” And, “The sons of Israel put away the Baalim and the groves of Ashtaroth, and served the Lord only.” And again Paul says, “For though there be many gods and many lords, yet to us there is but one God, the Father, from whom are all things, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things.” But we ask here how, having said “One God,” he was not content with the expression (for we said that “only” and “one” concerning God indicate his nature), but also added “Father” and made mention of Christ. I suspect, therefore, that Paul, the chosen vessel, did not think it sufficient to preach only that the Son is God and the Holy Spirit is God, which he indicated by the phrase “One God,” unless by the addition of “the Father” he should also indicate the one from whom are all things, and by the mention of “the Lord” he should signify the Word through whom are all things, and again by the inclusion of “Jesus Christ” he should announce the incarnation, present the passion, and reveal the resurrection. For “Jesus Christ” signifies to us such concepts. Wherefore also before the passion, the Lord Jesus Christ refuses to be proclaimed and charges the disciples that they should tell no one that he is Jesus the Christ. For it was his purpose, after completing the economy, after the resurrection from the dead and the ascension into heaven, to permit them to preach him as Jesus the Christ. Such also is, “That they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent,” and, “Believe in God, believe also in me,” the Holy Spirit everywhere securing our understanding, so that in approaching the one we may not fall away from the other, and by attending to the theology we may not despise the economy, and our impiety become proportionate to our deficiency. 8.4 Let us now examine the sayings of divine Scripture, which our opponents take and distort according to their own conscience to demolish the glory of the Only-Begotten, bringing them forth against us, unfolding their meaning as far as we are able. And let us first consider, “I live because of the Father.” For this is one of the darts shot towards heaven by those who use it impiously. Here the saying does not, I think, name the pre-eternal life (for everything that lives through another cannot be life-in-itself, just as that which is heated by another cannot be heat-in-itself; but our Lord has said, “I am the life”), but this life in the flesh and which came to be in this time, which he lived because of the Father. For by His will he sojourned in the life of men, and he did not say, “I lived because of the Father,” but “I live because of the Father,” clearly signifying the present time. But it can also mean the life which Christ lives, having the word of God in himself. And we shall know that this is what is indicated from what follows. And “He who eats me,” he says, “will live because of me.” For we eat his flesh and drink his blood, becoming partakers through the incarnation and the sensible life of the Word and of Wisdom. For he called his entire mystical sojourn “flesh and blood” and indicated the teaching which consists of practical, natural, and theological knowledge, through which the soul is nourished and prepared for the contemplation of beings for the time being. And this is perhaps what is indicated by the saying. 8.5 And again, “My Father is greater than I.” For the ungrateful creatures, the offspring of the evil one, also use this saying. But I believe that from this very saying it is shown that the Son is of one substance with the Father. For I know that comparisons are properly made between things of the same nature. For we speak of an angel of an angel

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μόνος». Καὶ πάλιν «Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ σου προσκυνήσεις καὶ αὐτῷ μόνῳ λατρεύσεις». Καὶ τὸ «Οὐκ ἔστι Θεὸς πλὴν ἐμοῦ». Τὸ γὰρ εἷς καὶ μόνος ἐπὶ Θεοῦ ἐν τῇ Γραφῇ οὐ πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἢ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος λέγεται, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τοὺς μὴ ὄντας θεούς, ὀνομαζομένους δὲ ψευδῶς. Ὡς τὸ «Κύριος μόνος ἦγεν αὐτούς, καὶ οὐκ ἦν μετ' αὐτῶν θεὸς ἀλλότριος». Καὶ τὸ «Περιεῖλον οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ τὰ Βααλὶμ καὶ τὰ ἄλση Ἀσταρὼθ καὶ ἐδούλευον Κυρίῳ μόνῳ». Καὶ πάλιν ὁ Παῦλος. «Ὥσπερ εἰσὶ θεοὶ πολλοὶ καὶ κύριοι πολλοί, ἀλλ' ἡμῖν εἷς Θεός, ὁ Πατήρ, ἐξ οὗ τὰ πάντα, καὶ εἷς Κύριος, Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα». Ἀλλὰ ζητοῦμεν ἐνταῦθα πῶς «Εἷς Θεὸς» εἰρηκὼς οὐκ ἠρκέσθη τῇ φωνῇ (ἔφαμεν γὰρ ὅτι τὸ μόνος καὶ τὸ εἷς ἐπὶ Θεοῦ τὴν φύσιν δηλοῖ), ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ Πατὴρ προσέθηκε καὶ Χριστοῦ ἐμνημόνευσεν. Ὑπονοῶ τοίνυν ὅτι οὐκ ἐξαρκεῖν ᾠήθη νῦν ὁ Παῦλος, τὸ σκεῦος τῆς ἐκλογῆς, κηρύσσειν μόνον Θεὸν τὸν Υἱὸν καὶ Θεὸν τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, ὅπερ διὰ τῆς Εἷς Θεὸς ἐδήλωσε ῥήσεως, ἐὰν μὴ καὶ διὰ τῆς προσθήκης τοῦ Πατρὸς τὸν ἐξ οὗ τὰ πάντα δηλώσῃ καὶ διὰ τῆς μνήμης τοῦ Κυρίου τὸν Λόγον τὸν δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα σημάνῃ καὶ πάλιν διὰ τῆς Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ συμπαρα λήψεως τὴν ἐνανθρώπησιν ἀπαγγείλῃ καὶ τὸ πάθος παρα στήσῃ καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν φανερώσῃ. Τὸ γὰρ Ἰησοῦς Χρι στὸς τὰς τοιαύτας ἐννοίας ἡμῖν ἐμφαίνει. ∆ιὸ καὶ πρὸ τοῦ πάθους παραιτεῖται ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς καταγγέλ λεσθαι καὶ διαστέλλεται τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἵνα μηδενὶ εἴπωσιν ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ Χριστός. Πρόκειται γὰρ αὐτῷ τελειώσαντι τὴν οἰκονομίαν, μετὰ τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν καὶ τὴν εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀνάληψιν, ἐπιτρέψαι αὐτοῖς κηρύσσειν αὐτὸν Ἰησοῦν τὸν Χριστόν. Τοιοῦτόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ «Ἵνα γινώσκωσί σε τὸν μόνον ἀληθινὸν Θεὸν καὶ ὃν ἀπέστειλας Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν», καὶ τὸ «Πιστεύετε εἰς τὸν Θεόν, καὶ εἰς ἐμὲ πιστεύετε», πανταχοῦ τὴν ἔννοιαν ἡμῶν ἀσφαλιζομένου τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ Ἁγίου, ἵνα μὴ θατέρῳ προσβαίνοντες θατέρου ἐκπίπτωμεν καὶ τῇ θεολογίᾳ προσέχοντες τῆς οἰκονομίας καταφρονῶμεν καὶ γένηται ἡμῖν κατὰ τὸ ἐλλεῖπον ἡ ἀσέβεια. 8.4 Τὰ δὲ ῥήματα τῆς θείας Γραφῆς, ἅπερ λαμβάνοντες οἱ ἀντικείμενοι καὶ διαστρέφοντες πρὸς τὴν οἰκείαν συνεί δησιν εἰς καθαίρεσιν τῆς δόξης τοῦ Μονογενοῦς ἡμῖν προφέρουσιν, οὕτως ἐξετάσωμεν κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ἡμῖν ἀναπτύσσοντες αὐτῶν τὴν διάνοιαν. Καὶ πρῶτον ἡμῖν τεθείσθω τὸ «Ἐγὼ ζῶ διὰ τὸν Πατέρα». Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἓν τῶν βελῶν τῶν εἰς οὐρανὸν πεμπομένων ὑπὸ τῶν ἀσεβῶς αὐτῷ κεχρημένων. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ τὸ ῥητὸν οὐ τὴν προαιώ νιον, ὡς οἶμαι, ζωὴν ὀνομάζει (πᾶν γὰρ τὸ δι' ἕτερον ζῶν αὐτοζῶν εἶναι οὐ δύναται, ὡς οὐδὲ τὸ ὑφ' ἑτέρου θερμανθὲν αὐτοθερμότης εἶναι· ὁ δὲ Κύριος ἡμῶν εἴρηκεν· Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ζωή), ἀλλὰ ζωὴν ταύτην τὴν ἐν σαρκὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ γεγενημένην ἣν ἔζησε διὰ τὸν Πατέρα. Βουλήσει γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἐπιδεδήμηκε τῷ βίῳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν· «Ἐγὼ ἔζησα διὰ τὸν Πατέρα», ἀλλ' «Ἐγὼ ζῶ διὰ τὸν Πατέρα», σαφῶς τὸν παρόντα προσημαίνων χρόνον. ∆ύνα ται δὲ καὶ ζωὴν λέγειν ἣν ζῇ ὁ Χριστὸς τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἔχων ἐν ἑαυτῷ. Καὶ ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ δηλούμενον ἐκ τοῦ ἐπιφερομένου εἰσόμεθα. Καὶ «Ὁ τρώγων με, φησί, ζήσεται δι' ἐμέ». Τρώγομεν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνο μεν αὐτοῦ τὸ αἷμα, κοινωνοὶ γινόμενοι διὰ τῆς ἐνανθρω πήσεως καὶ τῆς αἰσθητῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Λόγου καὶ τῆς Σοφίας. Σάρκα γὰρ καὶ αἷμα πᾶσαν αὐτοῦ τὴν μυστικὴν ἐπιδημίαν ὠνόμασε καὶ τὴν ἐκ πρακτικῆς καὶ φυσικῆς καὶ θεολογικῆς συνεστῶσαν διδασκαλίαν ἐδήλωσε, δι' ἧς τρέφεταί τε ψυχὴ καὶ πρὸς τὴν τῶν ὄντων τέως θεωρίαν παρασκευά ζεται. Καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ἐκ τοῦ ῥητοῦ ἴσως δηλούμενον. 8.5 Καὶ πάλιν· «Ὁ Πατήρ μου μείζων μοῦ ἐστι». Κέχρηται γὰρ καὶ τούτῳ τῷ ῥητῷ τὰ ἀχάριστα κτίσματα, τὰ τοῦ πονηροῦ γεννήματα. Ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ ἐκ ταύτης τῆς φωνῆς τὸ ὁμοούσιον εἶναι τὸν Υἱὸν τῷ Πατρὶ δηλοῦσθαι πεπίστευκα. Τὰς γὰρ συγκρίσεις οἶδα κυρίως ἐπὶ τῶν τῆς αὐτῆς φύσεως γινομένας. Ἄγγελον γὰρ ἀγγέλου λέγομεν