John Chrysostom, On Repentance

bind it up, do not neglect what is teeming with worms. But if it should heal, do not cut again. The mouth of the wound closes quickly, but what is hardened by a scar is with difficulty brought together again. For that the judge is philanthropic, it is easy for me to prove not only from his words, but also through the deeds themselves. You have surely heard of the philanthropy of the Lo 59.766 rd, that to the blessed Peter, along with other praises, he also established this: To you I will give the keys of the kingdom of heaven. If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven; if you retain any, they are retained. Does this not show the philanthropy of the Lord? I will give you the keys. But why did he not give them to John, who reclined on the breast of the Lord, having the precise symbol of love? why did he not give them to James, the first to be beheaded? For Herod killed James the brother of John with the sword. Do you want to know how he loved John? By the cross itself he says to his mother: Behold your son. Do you demand a greater love than this? Behold your son. He fulfilled the common proverb. What is a friend? Another self. Behold your son. Thus he entrusted the mother to this one. Why did he not entrust the keys of the kingdom, although he loved him above all? But what was said is a proof of the Lord's philanthropy. He does not give the keys to James, he does not give the keys to John, he does not give them to any other of the sinless apostles; but he has chosen Peter because of his own philanthropy. For since Peter before the cock crowed—and I am silent on the rest, out of respect for the virtue of the man—was overcome by a sin; for this reason, therefore, he entrusted the keys of the kingdom of heaven to none of the sinless disciples, but he entrusts the keys to Peter, so that when Peter sees someone who has repented from sins, and emptied himself of sin through repentance, and wishes to enter into the kingdom of heaven, remembering the example of his own self, he might become a co-worker for his salvation. How do I not bless the hunter of the Church, for what kind of hounds he has bred? For we have not yet shown them the substance of the meaning, and already they have hunted down the animal. Nevertheless, as hunters do, after you have hunted the meanings, let us divide the hunted limbs. We were saying, then, that for this reason he entrusted the keys of the kingdom to Peter, and he did not entrust them to any of the sinless, so that when Peter sees some of those turning from sins, and forcing their way into the kingdom through repentance—for the violent take the kingdom of heaven by force—remembering the example of his own self, he might open the door for us also who approach through repentance. Have you seen the philanthropy of the one who entrusted? Pay attention to the keys. Repent before it is locked. For the Son of man has authority on earth to forgive sins. Where the sin is, there is the loosing. Let not pleasure be on earth, and repentance there. Loose here, and then Peter will receive you in Christ Jesus our Lord, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

περίδησον, μὴ ὑπερίδῃς σκώληξι βρύον. Ἐὰν δὲ ἐπουλώσῃ, μὴ πάλιν τέμῃς. Ταχὺ τὸ στόμιον τῆς οὐλῆς γίνεται, τὸ δὲ δι' οὐλῆς σκληρυνθὲν, δυσκόλως πάλιν συνάγεται. Ἐπεὶ ὅτι φιλάνθρωπος ὁ κριτὴς, οὐ μόνον ἀπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων, ἀλλὰ καὶ δι' αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων ἀποδεῖξαί μοι ῥᾴδιον. Ἠκούσατε πάντως τῆς τοῦ ∆ε 59.766 σπότου φιλανθρωπίας, ὅτι πρὸς τὸν μακάριον Πέτρον μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπαίνων καὶ τοῦτο ἔθηκεν· Σοὶ δώσω τὰς κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν. Ἄν τινων ἀφῇς τὰς ἁμαρτίας, ἀφέωνται· ἄν τινων κρατῇς, κεκράτηνται. Οὐ δείκνυσι τοῦτο τὴν τοῦ ∆εσπότου φιλανθρωπίαν; ∆ώσω σοι τὰς κλεῖς. ∆ιὰ τί δ' οὐκ ἔδωκεν Ἰωάννῃ, ὃς ἐπὶ στῆθος ἀνέπεσε τοῦ ∆εσπότου, τῆς ἀγάπης ἀκριβῶς ἔχων τὸ σύμβολον; διὰ τί οὐκ ἔδωκεν Ἰακώβῳ, τῷ πρώτῳ ἀποτμηθέντι; Ἀνεῖλεν γὰρ Ἡρώδης τὸν Ἰάκωβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰωάννου μαχαίρᾳ. Βούλει γνῶναι πῶς ἠγάπα τὸν Ἰωάννην; Παρ' αὐτῷ τῷ σταυρῷ φησι πρὸς τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ· Ἴδε ὁ υἱός σου. Μείζονα ταύτης ἀγάπην ἀπαιτεῖς; Ἴδε ὁ υἱός σου. Τὴν κοινὴν παροιμίαν ἐπλήρωσεν. Τί ἐστι φίλος; Ἄλλος ἐγώ. Ἴδε ὁ υἱός σου. Ὡς τὴν μητέρα παρέθετο τούτῳ. ∆ιὰ τί τὰς κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας οὐκ ἐνεχείρισεν, καίτοι ἀγαπῶν ὑπὲρ πάντας αὐτόν; Ἀλλὰ ∆εσποτικῆς φιλανθρωπίας ἀπόδειξιν ἔχει τὸ εἰρημένον. Οὐ δίδωσι τὰς κλεῖς Ἰακώβῳ, οὐ δίδωσι τὰς κλεῖς Ἰωάννῃ, οὐ δίδωσιν ἄλλῳ τινὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων τῶν ἀναμαρτήτων· ἀλλὰ τὸν Πέτρον διὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ φιλανθρωπίαν ἐξείλεκται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ Πέτρος πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι καὶ σιγῶ τὸ λειπόμενον, αἰδοῖ τῆς ἀρετῆς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς προελήφθη ἁμαρτήματι· διὰ τοῦτο γοῦν οὐδενὶ τῶν μαθητῶν τῶν ἀναμαρτήτων τὰς κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν ἐπίστευσεν, ἀλλὰ Πέτρῳ τὰς κλεῖς ἐγχειρίζει, ἵνα Πέτρος ὅταν τινὰ ἐξ ἁμαρτημάτων μετανοήσαντα θεάσηται, καὶ διὰ μετανοίας τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀποκενωσάμενον, καὶ βουλόμενον εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν εἰσελθεῖν, τοῦ καθ' ἑαυτὸν μνησθεὶς ὑποδείγματος, συνεργὸς αὐτῷ εἰς τὴν σωτηρίαν γένηται. Πῶς οὐ μακαρίζω τὸν τῆς Ἐκκλησίας θηρευτὴν, οἵους τοὺς σκύλακας ἔθρεψεν; Οὔπω γὰρ τούτοις τὸ σῶμα τοῦ νοήματος ἀπεδείξαμεν, καὶ ἤδη τὸ ζῶον προεθηράσαντο. Ὅμως κατὰ τοὺς θηρευτὰς, μετὰ τὸ ὑμᾶς θηρεῦσαι τὰ νοήματα, τὰ μέλη τὰ θηρευθέντα διέλωμεν. Ἐλέγομεν οὖν, ὅτι διὰ τοῦτο Πέτρῳ τὰς κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας ἐπίστευσε, καὶ οὐδενὶ τῶν ἀναμαρτήτων κατεπίστευσεν, ἵνα Πέτρος ὅταν ἴδῃ τινὰς τῶν ἐξ ἁμαρτημάτων ἐπιστρεφόντων, καὶ διὰ μετανοίας εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν εἰσβιαζομένων βιασταὶ γὰρ ἁρπάζουσι τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, μνησθεὶς τοῦ καθ' ἑαυτὸν ὑποδείγματος, καὶ ἡμῖν τοῖς διὰ μετανοίας προσιοῦσιν ὑπανοίξῃ θύραν. Εἶδες τοῦ πιστεύσαντος τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν; Πρόσεχε ταῖς κλεισί. Μετανόησον πρὶν ἀποκλεισθῆναι. Ἐξουσίαν γὰρ ἔχει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας. Ὅπου ἡ ἁμαρτία, ἐκεῖ ἡ λύσις. Μὴ ἐπὶ γῆς ἡδονὴ, καὶ ἐκεῖ ἡ μετάνοια. Ἐνταῦθα λῦσον, καὶ τότε σε Πέτρος ὑποδέξεται ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.