IX.

Ioasaph said unto him, "Great and marvellous, sir, are the things whereof you tellest me, fearful and terrible, if indeed these things be so, and, if there be after death and dissolution into dust and ashes, a resurrection and re-birth, and rewards and punishments for the deeds done during life. But what is the proof thereof? And how have ye come to learn that which ye have not seen, that ye have so steadfastly and undoubtingly believed it? As for things that have already been done and made manifest in deed, though ye saw them not, yet have ye heard them from the writers of history. But, when it is of the future that ye preach tidings of such vast import, how have ye made your conviction on these matters sure?"

Quoth Barlaam, "From the past I gain certainty about the future; for they that preached the Gospel, without erring from the truth, but establishing their sayings by signs and wonders and divers miracles, themselves also spoke of the future. So, as in the one case they taught us nothing amiss or false, but made all that they said and did to shine clearer than the sun, so also in the other matter they gave us true doctrine, even that which our Lord and Master Jesus Christ himself confirmed both by word and deed. 'Verily,' he spoke, 'I say unto you, the hour is coming in the which all that are in the graves shall hear the voice of the Son of God and they that hear shall live:' and again, 'The hour comes when the dead shall hear his voice, and shall come forth, they that have done good unto the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil unto the resurrection of damnation.' And again he said concerning the resurrection of the dead, 'Have ye not read that which was spoken unto you by God, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. God is not the God of the dead but of the living.' 'For as the tares are gathered and burned in the fire, so shall it be in the end of this age. The Son of God shall send forth his Angels, and they shall gather all things that offend, and them which do iniquity, and shall cast them into the furnace of fire; there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their father.' Thus spoke he and added this thereto, 'Who has ears to hear, let him hear.'

"In such words and many more did the Lord make manifest the resurrection of our bodies, and confirm his words in deed, by raising many that were dead. And, toward the end of his life upon earth, he called from the grave one Lazarus his friend, that had already been four days dead and stank, and thus he restored the lifeless to life. Moreover, the Lord himself became the first-fruits of that resurrection which is final and no longer subject unto death, after he had in the flesh tasted of death; and on the third day he rose again, and became the first-born from the dead. For other men also were raised from the dead, but died once more, and might not yet attain to the likeness of the future true resurrection. But he alone was the leader of that resurrection, the first to be raised to the resurrection immortal.

"This was the preaching also of them that from the beginning were eye-witnesses and ministers of the word; for thus says blessed Paul, whose calling was not of men, but from heaven, 'Brethren, I declare unto you the Gospel which I preached unto you. For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures. Now if Christ be preached that he rose from the dead, how say some among you that there is no resurrection of the dead? For if the dead rise not, then is not Christ raised. And if Christ be not raised, your faith is vain, ye are yet in your sins. If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable. But now is Christ risen from the dead and become the first-fruits of them that slept. For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.' And after a little while, 'For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality. So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory. O death where is your sting? O grave, where is your victory?' For then the power of death is utterly annulled and destroyed, no longer working in us, but for the future there is given unto men immortality and incorruption for evermore.

"Beyond all question, therefore, there shall be a resurrection of the dead, and this we believe undoubtingly. Moreover we know that there shall be rewards and punishments for the deeds done in our life-time, on the dreadful day of Christ's coming, 'wherein the heavens shall be dissolved in fire and the elements shall melt with fervent heat,' as says one of the inspired clerks of God; 'nevertheless we, according to his promise, look for new heavens and a new earth.' For that there shall be rewards and punishments for men's works, and that absolutely nothing, good or bad, shall be overlooked, but that there is reserved a requital for words, deeds and thoughts, is plain. The Lord says, 'Whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold water only, in the name of a disciple, he shall in no wise lose his reward.' And again he says, 'When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy Angels with him, then before him shall be gathered all nations, and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats. And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left. Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, 'Come ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was anhungred, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in: naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came unto me.' Wherefore says he this, except he count the kind acts we do unto the needy as done unto himself? And in another place he says, 'Whosoever shall confess me before men, him will I also confess before my Father which is in heaven.'

"Lo, by all these examples and many more he proves that the rewards of good works are certain and sure. Further, that punishments are in store for the bad, he foretold by parables strange and wonderful, which he, the Well of Wisdom most wisely put forth. At one time he brought into his tale a certain rich man which was clothed in purple and fine linen, and fared sumptuously every day, but who was so niggardly and pitiless toward the destitute as to overlook a certain beggar named Lazarus laid at his gate, and not even to give him of the crumbs from his table. So when one and other were dead, the poor man, full of sores, was carried away, he says, into Abraham's bosom, for thus he describeth the habitation of the righteous--but the rich man was delivered to the fire of bitter torment in hell. To him said Abraham, 'Thou in your lifetime receivedst your good things, and likewise Lazarus his evil things, but now he is comforted, and you are tormented."

"And otherwhere he likeneth the kingdom of heaven to a certain king which made a marriage-feast for his son and thereby he declared future happiness and splendour. For as he was wont to speak to humble and earthly minded men, he would draw his parables from homely and familiar things. Not that he meant that marriages and feasts exist in that world; but in condescension to men's grossness, he employed these names when he would make known to them the future. So, as he tells, the king with high proclamation called all to come to the marriage to take their fill of his wondrous store of good things. But many of them that were bidden made light of it and came not, and busied themselves: some went to their farms, some to their merchandize, and others to their newly wedded wives, and thus deprived themselves of the splendour of the bride chamber. Now when these had, of their own choice, absented themselves from this joyous merriment, others were bidden thereto, and the wedding was furnished with guests. And when the king came in to see the guests, he saw there a man which had not on a wedding garment, and he said unto him, "Friend, how camest you in hither, not having a wedding garment?" And he was speechless. Then said the king to the servants, "Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.' Now they who made excuses and paid no heed to the call are they that hasten not to the faith of Christ, but continue in idolatry or heresy. But he that had no wedding garment is he that believes, but has soiled his spiritual garment with unclean acts, and was rightly cast forth from the joy of the bride chamber.

"And he put forth yet another parable, in harmony with this, in his picture of the Ten Virgins, 'five of whom were wise, and five were foolish. They that were foolish took their lamps and took no oil with them, but the wise took oil.' By the oil he signifies the acquiring of good works. 'And at midnight,' he says, 'there was a cry made, "Behold the bridegroom comes, go ye out to meet him."' By midnight he denoteth the uncertainty of that time. Then all those virgins arose. 'They that were ready went forth to meet the bridegroom and went in with him to the marriage, and the door was shut.' But they that were un-ready (whom rightly he calls foolish), seeing that their lamps were going out, went forth to buy oil. Afterward they drew nigh, the door being now shut, and cried, saying, 'Lord, Lord, open to us.' But he answered and said, 'Verily I say unto you, I know you not.' Wherefore from all this it is manifest that there is a requital not only for overt acts, but also for words and even secret thoughts; for the Saviour said, 'I say unto you, that for every idle word that men shall speak they shall give account thereof in the day of judgement.' And again he says, 'But the very hairs of your head are numbered,' by the hairs meaning the smallest and slightest phantasy or thought. And in harmony herewith is the teaching of blessed Paul, 'For the word of God,' says he, 'is quick and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: but all things are naked and laid bare unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do."

"These things also were proclaimed with wondrous clearness by the prophets of old time, illumined by the grace of the Spirit. For Esay says, 'I know their works and their thoughts,' and will repay them. 'Behold, I come to gather all nations and all tongues; and they shall come and see my glory. And the heaven shall be new, and the earth, which I make before me. And all flesh shall come to worship before me, says the Lord. And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcasses of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be a spectacle unto all flesh." And again he says concerning that day, "And the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll, and all the stars shall fall down as leaves from the vine. For behold, the day of the Lord comes, cruel with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the whole world desolate and to destroy the sinners out of it. For the stars of heaven and Orion and all the constellations of heaven shall not give their light, and there shall be darkness at the sun's rising, and the moon shall not give her light. And I will cause the arrogancy of the sinners to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the proud.' And again he says, 'Wo unto them that draw their iniquities as with a long cord, and their sins as with an heifer's cart-rope! Wo unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter! Wo unto those of you that are mighty, that are princes, that mingle strong drink, which justify the wicked for reward, and take justice from the just, and turn aside the judgement from the needy, and take away the right from the poor, that the widow may be their spoil and the fatherless their prey! And what will they do in the day of visitation, and to whom will they flee for help? And where will they leave their glory, that they fall not into arrest? Like as stubble shall be burnt by live coal of fire, and consumed by kindled flame, so their root shall be as foam, and their blossom shall go up as dust, for they would not the law of the Lord of hosts, and provoked the oracle of the Holy One of Israel."

"In tune therewith says also another prophet, 'The great day of the Lord is near, and hasteth greatly. The bitter and austere voice of the day of the Lord has been appointed. A mighty day of wrath is that day, a day of trouble and distress, a day of wasteness and desolation, a day of blackness and gloominess, a day of clouds and thick darkness, a day of the trumpet and alarm. And I will bring distress upon the wicked, and they shall walk like blind men, because they have sinned against the Lord. Neither their silver nor their gold shall be able to deliver them in the day of the Lord's wrath; for the whole land shall be devoured by the fire of his jealousy, for he shall make a riddance of all them that dwell in the land.' Moreover David, the king and prophet, cries thus, 'God shall come visibly, even our God, and shall not keep silence: a fire shall be kindled before him, and a mighty tempest round about him. He shall call the heaven from above, and the earth, that he may judge his people.' And again he says, 'Arise, O God, judge you the earth, because "the fierceness of man shall turn to your praise." And you shalt "reward every man according to his works."' And many other such things have been spoken by the Psalmist, and all the Prophets inspired by the Holy Ghost, concerning the judgement and the recompense to come. Their words also have been most surely confirmed by the Saviour who has taught us to believe the resurrection of the dead, and the recompense of the deeds done in the flesh, and the unending life of the world to come."

IX

Ὁ δὲ Ἰωάσαφ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔφη. Μεγάλα τινὰ καὶ θαυμαστὰ πράγματα λέγεις μοι, ἄνθρωπε, φόβου πολλοῦ καὶ τρόμου ἄξια, εἰ ταῦτά γε οὕτως ἔχει, καὶ ἔστι πάλιν, μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν καὶ εἰς τέφραν καὶ κόνιν διαλυθῆναι, ἀνάστασις καὶ παλιγγενεσία, ἀμοιβαί τε καὶ εὔθυναι τῶν βεβιωμένων. ἀλλὰ τίς ἡ τούτων ἀπόδειξις; καὶ πῶς, τὸ τέως μὴ θεαθὲν μαθόντες, οὕτως ἀραρότως καὶ ἀναμφιλέκτως ἐπιστεύσατε; τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἤδη πραχθέντα καὶ ἔργοις φανερωθέντα, κἂν αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἴδετε, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἱστορησάντων ἠκούσατε: πῶς δέ, καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων τοιαῦτα μεγάλα καὶ ὑπέρογκα κηρύττοντες, ἀσφαλῆ τὴν περὶ αὐτῶν κέκτησθε πληροφορίαν;

Καί φησιν ὁ Βαρλαάμ: Ἐκ τῶν ἤδη πραχθέντων ἐκτησάμην καὶ τῶν μελλόντων τὴν πληροφορίαν: οἱ γὰρ ταῦτα κηρύξαντες ἐν οὐδενὶ τῆς ἀληθείας διαμαρτόντες, ἀλλὰ σημείοις καὶ τέρασι καὶ ποικίλαις δυνάμεσι τὰ λεχθέντα ἐμπεδωσάμενοι, αὐτοὶ καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων εἰσηγήσαντο. ὥσπερ οὖν ἐνταῦθα οὐδὲν σκαιὸν καὶ πεπλασμένον ἐδίδαξαν, ἀλλὰ πάντα φαιδρότερον ἡλίου ἔλαμψαν ὅσα τε εἶπον καὶ ἐποίησαν, οὕτω κἀκεῖ ἀληθινὰ ἐδογμάτισαν: ἅτινα καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν καὶ δεσπότης Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς λόγῳ τε καὶ ἔργῳ ἐπιστώσατο. Ἀμὴν γάρ, φησί, λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ἔρχεται ὥρα, ἐν ᾗ πάντες οἱ ἐν τοῖς μνημείοις ἀκούσονται τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ οἱ ἀκούσαντες ζήσονται: καὶ αὖθις: Ἔρχεται ὥρα, ὅτε οἱ νεκροὶ ἀκούσονται τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκπορεύσονται, οἱ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ποιήσαντες εἰς ἀνάστασιν ζωῆς, οἱ δὲ τὰ φαῦλα πράξαντες εἰς ἀνάστασιν κρίσεως: καὶ πάλιν περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεώς φησι τῶν νεκρῶν: Οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑμῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ λέγοντος: ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ; οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ Θεὸς Θεὸς νεκρῶν, ἀλλὰ ζώντων: Ὥσπερ γὰρ συλλέγεται τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ πυρὶ καίεται, οὕτως ἔσται ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ αἰῶνος τούτου: ἀποστελεῖ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ καὶ συλλέξουσι πάντα τὰ σκάνδαλα καὶ τοὺς ποιοῦντας τὴν ἀνομίαν, καὶ βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός: ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων: τότε οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτῶν. ταῦτα εἰπών, προσέθετο: Ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω.

Τοιούτοις μὲν λόγοις καὶ ἑτέροις πλείοσι τὴν τῶν σωμάτων ἡμῶν ἀνάστασιν ὁ Κύριος ἐφανέρωσεν: ἔργῳ δὲ τοὺς λόγους ἐπιστώσατο, πολλοὺς ἐγείρας νεκρούς, πρὸς δὲ τῷ τέλει τῆς ἐπὶ γῆς αὐτοῦ πολιτείας, καὶ τεταρταῖον ἤδη καταφθαρέντα καὶ ὀδωδότα Λάζαρόν τινα φίλον ἑαυτοῦ ἐκ τοῦ μνήματος καλέσας, καὶ ζῶντα τὸν ἄπνουν παραστησάμενος. ἐπὶ τούτοις δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Κύριος ἀπαρχὴ τῆς τελείας καὶ μηκέτι θανάτῳ ὑποπιπτούσης ἀναστάσεως γέγονε, σαρκὶ τοῦ θανάτου γευσάμενος, ἀναστὰς δὲ τριήμερος καὶ τῶν νεκρῶν πρωτότοκος γενόμενος. ἠγέρθησαν μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἄλλοι ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, ἀλλ' αὖθις ἀπέθανον καὶ οὐκ ἔφθασαν εἰκόνα τῆς μελλούσης ἀληθινῆς ἀναστάσεως παραστῆσαι: μόνος δὲ αὐτὸς τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐκείνης ἀρχηγὸς ἐγένετο, πρῶτος τὴν ἀθάνατον ἐγερθεὶς ἀνάστασιν. ταῦτα καὶ οἱ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς αὐτόπται καὶ ὑπηρέται γενόμενοι τοῦ λόγου ἐκήρυξαν. φησὶ γὰρ ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος, οὗ ἡ κλῆσις οὐκ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλ' οὐρανόθεν γέγονε: Γνωρίζω ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοί, τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον ὃ εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν: παρέδωκα γὰρ ὑμῖν ἐν πρώτοις ὃ καὶ παρέλαβον, ὅτι Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν, κατὰ τὰς Γραφάς: εἰ δὲ Χριστὸς κηρύσσεται, ὅτι ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγήγερται, πῶς λέγουσί τινες ὅτι ἀνάστασις οὐκ ἔστιν; εἰ γὰρ νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται, οὐδὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται: εἰ δὲ Χριστὸς οὐκ ἐγήγερται, ματαία ἡ πίστις ἡμῶν, ἔτι ἐστὲ ἐν ταῖς ἀνομίαις ὑμῶν: εἰ ἐν τῇ ζωῇ ταύτῃ ἠλπικότες ἐσμὲν ἐν Χριστῷ μόνον, ἐλεεινότεροι πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐσμέν. νυνὶ δὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν, ἀπαρχὴ τῶν κεκοιμημένων γενόμενος: ἐπειδὴ γὰρ δι' ἀνθρώπου ὁ θάνατος, καὶ δι' ἀνθρώπου ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν: ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ πάντες ἀποθνήσκουσιν, οὕτω καὶ ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ πάντες ζωοποιηθήσονται. καὶ μετ' ὀλίγα: Δεῖ γὰρ τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀφθαρσίαν καὶ τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀθανασίαν: ὅταν δὲ τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀφθαρσίαν καὶ τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀθανασίαν, τότε πληρωθήσεται ὁ λόγος ὁ γεγραμμένος: Κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος: ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον; ποῦ σου, ᾅδη, τὸ νῖκος; καταργεῖται γὰρ τέλεον ἡ τοῦ θανάτου δύναμις τότε καὶ ἀφανίζεται, μηκέτι ὅλως ἐνεργοῦσα, ἀλλ' ἀθανασία λοιπὸν καὶ ἀφθαρσία δίδοται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις αἰώνιος.

Ἔσται οὖν, ἔσται ἀναμφιλέκτως ἡ τῶν νεκρῶν ἀνάστασις, καὶ τοῦτο ἀνενδοιάστως πιστεύομεν: ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀμοιβὰς καὶ εὐθύνας τῶν βεβιωμένων γινώσκομεν κατὰ τὴν φοβερὰν ἡμέραν τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίας, Δι' ἧς οὐρανοὶ πυρούμενοι λυθήσονται καὶ στοιχεῖα καυσούμενα τήκεται, ὥς φησί τις τῶν θεηγόρων, Καινοὺς δὲ οὐρανοὺς καὶ καινὴν γῆν, κατὰ τὸ ἐπάγγελμα αὐτοῦ προσδοκῶμεν. ὅτι γὰρ ἀμοιβαὶ καὶ εὔθυναι εἰσὶ τῶν ἔργων ἐκεῖ, καὶ οὐδὲν ὅλως τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἢ τῶν πονηρῶν παροφθήσεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔργων καὶ ῥημάτων καὶ ἐνθυμήσεων ἀνταποδόσεις ἀπόκεινται, δῆλον: φησὶ γὰρ ὁ Κύριος: Ὃς ἐὰν ποτίσῃ ἕνα τῶν μικρῶν τούτων ποτήριον ψυχροῦν μόνον εἰς ὄνομα μαθητοῦ, οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσῃ τὸν μισθὸν αὐτοῦ. καὶ πάλιν λέγει: Ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐν τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάντες οἱ ἅγιοι ἄγγελοι μετ' αὐτοῦ, τότε συναχθήσονται ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καὶ ἀφοριεῖ αὐτοὺς ἀπ' ἀλλήλων, ὥσπερ ὁ ποιμὴν ἀφορίζει τὰ πρόβατα ἀπὸ τῶν ἐρίφων, καὶ στήσει τὰ μὲν πρόβατα ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ, τὰ δὲ ἐρίφια ἐξ εὐωνύμων: τότε ἐρεῖ ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῖς ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ: Δεῦτε, οἱ εὐλογημένοι τοῦ Πατρός μου, κληρονομήσατε τὴν ἡτοιμασμένην ὑμῖν βασιλείαν ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου: ἐπείνασα γὰρ καὶ ἐδώκατέ μοι φαγεῖν, ἐδίψησα καὶ ἐποτίσατέ με, ξένος ἤμην καὶ συνηγάγετέ με, γυμνὸς καὶ περιεβάλετέ με, ἠσθένησα καὶ ἐπεσκέψασθέ με, ἐν φυλακῇ ἤμην καὶ ἤλθετε πρός με. τί τοῦτο λέγων; τὰς γινομένας παρ' ἡμῶν εἰς τοὺς δεομένους εὐποιΐας ἑαυτῷ οἰκειούμενος. καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ λέγει: Πᾶς ὅστις ὁμολογήσει ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὁμολογήσω κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς.

Ἰδοὺ διὰ πάντων τούτων καὶ ἄλλων πλειόνων ἐδήλωσε βεβαίας εἶναι καὶ ἀσφαλεῖς τὰς ἀμοιβὰς τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔργων: ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἐναντίων εὐθύνας ἀποκεῖσθαι προκατήγγειλε διὰ παραβολῶν θαυμασίων καὶ ἐξαισίων, ἃς ἡ πηγὴ τῆς σοφίας πανσόφως διηγήσατο: ποτὲ μὲν πλούσιόν τινα παρεισάγων πορφύραν καὶ βύσσον ἐνδεδυμένον, καὶ καθ' ἡμέραν λαμπρῶς εὐφραινόμενον, ἀμετάδοτον δὲ καὶ ἀνηλεῆ πρὸς τοὺς δεομένους ὑπάρχοντα, ὡς καὶ πτωχόν τινα Λάζαρον ὀνόματι πρὸς τὸν πυλῶνα αὐτοῦ βεβλημένον παραβλέπειν, καὶ οὐδὲ αὐτῶν τῶν τῆς τραπέζης αὐτοῦ ψιχίων ἐπιδιδόναι αὐτῷ: ἀποθανόντων οὖν ἀμφοτέρων, ὁ μὲν πένης ἐκεῖνος καὶ ἡλκωμένος ἀπηνέχθη, φησίν, εἰς τὸν κόλπον Ἀβραάμ, τὴν τῶν δικαίων συναυλίαν οὕτω δηλώσας: ὁ δὲ πλούσιος παρεδόθη φλογὶ πικρᾶς βασάνου ἐν τῷ ᾅδῃ: πρὸς ὃν Ἀβραὰμ ἔλεγεν: Ἀπέλαβες σὺ τὰ ἀγαθά σου ἐν τῇ ζωῇ σου, καὶ Λάζαρος ὁμοίως τὰ κακά: νῦν δὲ οὗτος μὲν παρακαλεῖται, σὺ δὲ ὀδυνᾶσαι.

Ἑτέρωθι δὲ παρεικάζων τὴν τῶν οὐρανῶν βασιλείαν, λέγει: Ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ βασιλεῖ, ὅστις ἐποίησε γάμους τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ, τὴν μέλλουσαν εὐφροσύνην καὶ λαμπρότητα οὕτω δηλῶν. πρὸς ἀνθρώπους γὰρ ταπεινοὺς καὶ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντας τὸν λόγον ποιούμενος ἐκ τῶν συνήθων αὐτοῖς καὶ γνωρίμων ἐδίδου τὰς παραβολάς. οὐ μέντοι δὲ γάμους καὶ τραπέζας ἐν ἐκείνῳ παρεδήλου τῷ αἰῶνι εἶναι: ἀλλὰ τῇ αὐτῶν συγκαταβαίνων παχύτητι, τοιούτοις ὀνόμασι κέχρηται, γνωρίσαι αὐτοῖς τὰ μέλλοντα βουλόμενος. πάντας μὲν οὖν, φησί, συνεκάλεσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς ὑψηλῷ κηρύγματι συνελθεῖν εἰς τοὺς γάμους καὶ ἐμφορηθῆναι τῶν ἀπορρήτων ἀγαθῶν ἐκείνων: πολλοὶ δὲ τῶν κεκλημένων ἀμελήσαντες οὐκ ἀπῆλθον, ἀλλ', ἀπασχολήσαντες ἑαυτούς, οἱ μὲν εἰς ἀγρούς, οἱ δὲ εἰς ἐμπορίας, οἱ δὲ εἰς νεονύμφους γυναῖκας, ἀπεστέρησαν ἑαυτοὺς τῆς λαμπρότητος τοῦ νυμφῶνος. ἐκείνων δὲ ἐθελοντὶ ἀλλοτριωθέντων τῆς τερπνῆς εὐφροσύνης, ἄλλοι προσεκλήθησαν: καὶ ἐπλήσθη ὁ γάμος ἀνακειμένων. εἰσελθὼν δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς θεάσασθαι τοὺς ἀνακειμένους εἶδεν ἐκεῖ ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἐνδεδυμένον ἔνδυμα γάμου, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ: Ἑταῖρε, πῶς εἰσῆλθες ὧδε μὴ ἔχων ἔνδυμα γάμου; ὁ δὲ ἐφιμώθη. τότε εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῖς διακόνοις: Δήσαντες αὐτοῦ χεῖρας καὶ πόδας, ἄρατε αὐτόν, καὶ ἐμβάλετε εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον: ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων. οἱ μὲν οὖν παραιτησάμενοι καὶ μηδόλως τῆς κλήσεως ὑπακούσαντες εἰσὶν οἱ μὴ προσδραμόντες τῇ τοῦ Χριστοῦ πίστει, ἀλλ' εἴτε τῇ εἰδωλολατρείᾳ, εἴτε αἱρέσει τινὶ ἐμμείναντες: ὁ δὲ μὴ ἔχων τὸ τοῦ γάμου ἔνδυμα ἐστὶν ὁ πιστεύσας μέν, πράξεσι δὲ ῥυπαραῖς τὸ νοητὸν ἔνδυμα κηλιδώσας, ὃς καὶ δικαίως ἐξεβλήθη τῆς χαρᾶς τοῦ νυμφῶνος.

Καὶ ἄλλην δὲ παραβολὴν ταύτῃ συνᾴδουσαν παρέθηκε, δέκα τινὰς παρθένους τυπώσας, Ὧν αἱ μὲν πέντε ἦσαν φρόνιμοι, αἱ δὲ πέντε μωραί. αἵτινες μωραί, λαβοῦσαι τὰς λαμπάδας αὐτῶν, οὐκ ἔλαβον μεθ' ἑαυτῶν ἔλαιον: αἱ δὲ φρόνιμοι ἔλαβον ἔλαιον: διὰ τοῦ ἐλαίου τὴν τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔργων κτῆσιν σημαίνων. Μέσης δὲ τῆς νυκτός, φησί, κραυγὴ γέγονεν: Ἰδοὺ ὁ νυμφίος ἔρχεται: ἐξέρχεσθε εἰς ἀπάντησιν αὐτοῦ: διὰ τοῦ μεσονυκτίου τὸ ἄδηλον τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης παραστήσας. τότε ἠγέρθησαν πᾶσαι αἱ παρθένοι ἐκεῖναι: Αἱ μὲν οὖν ἕτοιμοι ἐξῆλθον εἰς ἀπάντησιν τοῦ νυμφίου, καὶ εἰσῆλθον μετ' αὐτοῦ εἰς τοὺς γάμους, καὶ ἐκλείσθη ἡ θύρα: αἱ δὲ ἀνέτοιμοι, ἃς εἰκότως μωρὰς ἐκάλεσε, σβεννυμένας τὰς λαμπάδας ἑαυτῶν ὁρῶσαι, ἀπῆλθον ἀγοράσαι ἔλαιον. παραγενόμεναι δὲ κλεισθείσης ἤδη τῆς θύρας, ἔκραζον λέγουσαι: Κύριε, κύριε, ἄνοιξον ἡμῖν: ὁ δέ, φησίν, ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν: Ἀμήν, λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς: διὰ τούτων οὖν ἁπάντων δῆλόν ἐστιν ἀνταπόδοσιν εἶναι οὐ μόνον τῶν ἐναντίων πράξεων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ῥημάτων καὶ αὐτῶν τῶν ἐνθυμήσεων. εἶπεν γὰρ ὁ Σωτήρ: Λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι πᾶν ῥῆμα ἀργὸν ὃ ἐὰν λαλήσωσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ἀποδώσουσι περὶ αὐτοῦ λόγον ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως. καὶ αὖθις: Ὑμῶν δέ, φησί, καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς ἠριθμημέναι εἰσί: διὰ τῶν τριχῶν τὰ λεπτότατα τῶν διαλογισμῶν καὶ ἐνθυμήσεων παραδηλώσας. συνῳδὰ δὲ τούτοις καὶ ὁ μακάριος διδάσκει Παῦλος: Ζῶν γάρ, φησίν, ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ ἐνεργής, καὶ τομώτερος ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν μάχαιραν δίστομον, καὶ διϊκνούμενος ἄχρι μερισμοῦ ψυχῆς τε καὶ πνεύματος, ἁρμῶν τε καὶ μυελῶν, καὶ κριτικὸς ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας: καὶ οὐκ ἔστι κτίσις ἀφανὴς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, πάντα δὲ γυμνὰ καὶ τετραχηλισμένα τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ, πρὸς ὃν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος.

Ταῦτα καὶ οἱ προφῆται πρὸ χρόνων πολλῶν τῇ τοῦ Πνεύματος λαμπόμενοι χάριτι ἀριδηλότατα κατήγγειλαν. φησὶ γὰρ ὁ Ἠσαΐας: Ἐγὼ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς λογισμοὺς ἐπίσταμαι καὶ ἀνταποδώσω αὐτοῖς: ἰδοὺ συναγαγεῖν ἔρχομαι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καὶ τὰς γλώσσας, καὶ ἥξουσι, καὶ ὄψονται τὴν δόξαν μου. καὶ ἔσται ὁ οὐρανὸς καινὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ καινή, ἃ ἐγὼ ποιῶ μὲν ἐνώπιόν μου: καὶ ἥξει πᾶσα σὰρξ τοῦ προσκυνῆσαι ἐνώπιόν μου, λέγει Κύριος, καὶ ἐξελεύσονται, καὶ ὄψονται τὰ κῶλα τῶν ἀνθρώπων, τῶν παραβεβηκότων ἐν ἐμοί: ὁ γὰρ σκώληξ αὐτῶν οὐ τελευτήσει, καὶ τὸ πῦρ αὐτῶν οὐ σβεσθήσεται, καὶ ἔσονται εἰς ὅρασιν πάσῃ σαρκί. καὶ αὖθις περὶ τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης λέγει: Καὶ εἰληθήσεται ὁ οὐρανὸς ὡς βιβλίον, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἄστρα πεσοῦνται ὡς φύλλα ἐξ ἀμπέλου: ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἡμέρα Κυρίου ἔρχεται, ἀνίατος θυμοῦ καὶ ὀργῆς, θεῖναι τὴν οἰκουμένην ὅλην ἔρημον καὶ τοὺς ἁμαρτωλοὺς ἀπολέσαι ἐξ αὐτῆς: οἱ γὰρ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ὁ Ὠρίων καὶ πᾶς ὁ κόσμος τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὸ φῶς αὐτῶν οὐ δώσουσι, καὶ σκοτισθήσεται τοῦ ἡλίου ἀνατέλλοντος, καὶ ἡ σελήνη οὐ δώσει τὸ φῶς αὐτῆς: καὶ ἀπολῶ ὕβριν ἀνόμων καὶ ὕβριν ὑπερηφάνων ταπεινώσω. καὶ πάλιν λέγει: Οὐαὶ οἱ ἐπισπώμενοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν ὡς σχοινίῳ μακρῷ καὶ ὡς ζυγοῦ ἱμάντι δαμάλεως τὰς ἀνομίας: οὐαὶ οἱ λέγοντες τὸ πονηρὸν καλὸν καὶ τὸ καλὸν πονηρόν, οἱ τιθέντες τὸ σκότος φῶς καὶ τὸ φῶς σκότος, οἱ τιθέντες τὸ πικρὸν γλυκὺ καὶ τὸ γλυκὺ πικρόν. οὐαὶ οἱ ἰσχύοντες ὑμῶν οἱ δυνάσται, οἱ κιρνῶντες τὸ σίκερα, οἱ δικαιοῦντες τὸν ἀσεβῆ ἕνεκεν δώρων καὶ τὸ δίκαιον τοῦ δικαίου αἴροντες, οἱ ἐκκλίνοντες κρίσιν πτωχῶν καὶ ἁρπάζοντες κρῖμα πενήτων, ὥστε εἶναι αὐτοῖς χήραν εἰς ἁρπαγὴν καὶ ὀρφανὸν εἰς προνομήν. καὶ τί ποιήσουσι τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς; καὶ πρὸς τίνα καταφεύξονται τοῦ βοηθηθῆναι; καὶ ποῦ καταλείψουσι τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς ἀπαγωγήν; ὃν τρόπον καυθήσεται καλάμη ὑπὸ ἄνθρακος πυρὸς καὶ συγκαυθήσεται ὑπὸ φλογὸς ἀνημμένης, ἡ ῥίζα αὐτῶν ὡς χνοῦς ἔσται, καὶ τὸ ἄνθος αὐτῶν ὡς κονιορτὸς ἀναβήσεται: οὐ γὰρ ἠθέλησαν τὸν νόμον Κυρίου Σαβαώθ, ἀλλὰ τὸ λόγιον τοῦ ἁγίου Ἰσραὴλ παρώξυναν.

Τούτῳ συνᾴδων καὶ ἕτερος προφήτης φησίν: Ἐγγὺς ἡ ἡμέρα Κυρίου ἡ μεγάλη, ἐγγὺς καὶ ταχινὴ σφόδρα: φωνὴ ἡ ἡμέρας Κυρίου πικρὰ καὶ σκληρὰ τέτακται: δυνατὴ ἡμέρα ὀργῆς ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνη, ἡμέρα θλίψεως καὶ ἀνάγκης, ἡμέρα ταλαιπωρίας καὶ ἀφανισμοῦ, ἡμέρα σκότους καὶ γνόφου, ἡμέρα νεφέλης καὶ ὁμίχλης, ἡμέρα σάλπιγγος καὶ κραυγῆς: καὶ ἐκθλίψω τοὺς πονηρούς, καὶ πορεύσονται ὡς τυφλοί, ὅτι τῷ Κυρίῳ ἐξήμαρτον: καὶ τὸ ἀργύριον αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ χρυσίον οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἐξελέσθαι αὐτοὺς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς Κυρίου: ἐν πυρὶ γὰρ ζήλου αὐτοῦ καταναλωθήσεται πᾶσα ἡ γῆ, διότι συντέλειαν ποιήσει ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν γῆν. πρὸς τούτοις καὶ Δαυῖδ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ προφήτης βοᾷ: Ὁ Θεὸς ἐμφανῶς ἥξει, ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν, καὶ οὐ παρασιωπήσεται. πῦρ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ καυθήσεται, καὶ κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ καταιγὶς σφοδρά: προσκαλέσεται τὸν οὐρανὸν ἄνω καὶ τὴν γῆν, τοῦ διακρῖναι τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ. καὶ αὖθις: Ἀνάστα, φησίν, Θεός, κρῖνον τὴν γῆν, ὅτι ἐνθύμιον ἀνθρώπου ἐξομολογήσεταί σοι: καὶ σὺ ἀποδώσεις ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ. πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἕτερα τοιαῦτα ὅ τε ψαλμῳδὸς καὶ πάντες οἱ προφῆται τῷ θείῳ πνεύματι μυηθέντες περὶ τῆς μελλούσης κρίσεως καὶ ἀνταποδόσεως ἐκήρυξαν: ὧν τοὺς λόγους καὶ ὁ Σωτὴρ ἀσφαλέστατα βεβαιώσας, ἐδίδαξεν ἡμᾶς πιστεύειν ἀνάστασιν νεκρῶν καὶ ἀνταπόδοσιν τῶν βεβιωμένων ζωήν τε ἀτελεύτητον τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος.