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of that country, which by divine promise was to them in the hopes of habitation. But when not all of these reported the truth, but some announced false and grim things, again the people turned against Moses in anger. And God condemns those who despaired of the divine alliance to not see the land promised to them. 1.66 And as they were proceeding through the desert, when water again failed them, the memory of God's power failed along with it. For they did not trust, because of the previous miracle concerning the rock, that their need would not be lacking now either, but abandoning better hopes, they proceeded with reproaches against God himself and Moses, so that Moses also seemed to falter at the unbelief of the people, except that again He worked a miracle for them, changing that sheer rock into a nature of waters. 1.67 And when again the slavish pleasure of foods aroused in them the desire of gluttony, and lacking none of the necessities for life, they dreamed of Egyptian satiety, the unruly among the young are disciplined by harsher scourges, as serpents inflicted a death-bearing venom upon them throughout the camp by their bite. 1.68 And as the deaths from the beasts happened one after another, the lawgiver, urged by divine counsel, having cast bronze in the likeness of a serpent, made it to appear above the whole camp on a certain height. And thus he stopped the harm from the beasts among the people and delivered them from destruction. For he who looked at the image of the serpent in bronze feared not at all the bite of the actual serpent, as the sight blunted the venom by some secret antipathy. 1.69 When again a rebellion arose against him from the people concerning the leadership and some were forcing the priesthood to be transferred to themselves, he became a suppliant of God on behalf of those who were sinning, but the justice of God's judgment was stronger than Moses' compassion for his kinsmen. For the earth, having split open into a chasm by the divine will, again collapses upon itself, having received within, with their whole families, all those who had risen up against the rule of Moses. And those who had raged about the priesthood, about two hundred and fifty, having been consumed by fire, chastened their kinsmen by their own suffering.

1.70 And so that the people might be more persuaded that the grace of the priesthood comes from God to those who are deemed worthy, he takes rods from the prominent men of each tribe, each one marked with the private letters of the one who gave it, among which was also that of Aaron the priest. And having set these before the temple, through them he reveals to the people the vote of God concerning the priesthood. For only the rod of Aaron out of all of them budded and produced and brought to maturity the fruit from the wood (and the fruit was a nut), 1.71 which indeed seemed a very great miracle even to the unbelieving, how the dry and stripped and rootless thing, having suddenly become nourished, performed the work of rooted things, the divine power having become for the wood a substitute for earth and bark and moisture and root and time. 1.72 After these things, leading the army through foreign nations who were hindering their passage, he swears an oath not to permit the people to pass through their tilled fields and vineyards, but to keep to the king's highway, turning neither to the right nor to the left. But when the enemies would not make peace even on these terms, having overcome the adversary in battle, he becomes master of the passage. 1.73 Then a certain Balak, having leadership of a greater nation (and the name of the nation was Midianite), being terrified at the fate of those who had been captured and expecting that he would presently suffer the same things from the Israelites, brings in for an alliance no help of weapons and bodies, but a curious sorcery through a certain Balaam, who was famed to be clever in these things and was believed by those who used him to have a certain power for such endeavors, whose art was divination, and through the cooperation of certain demons he was dangerous, bringing upon men by some more curious power the

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χώρας ἐκείνης, ἣ κατὰ θείαν αὐτοῖς ἐπαγγελίαν ἐν ἐλπίσιν ἦν τῆς οἰκήσεως. Τούτων δὲ μὴ πάντων τἀληθῆ καταγγειλάντων, ἀλλά τινων τὰ ψευδῆ καὶ σκυθρωπὰ μηνυσάντων, πάλιν ὁ λαὸς δι' ὀργῆς ἐποιεῖτο τὸν Μωϋσέα. Ὁ δὲ Θεὸς τοὺς ἀπελπίσαντας τὴν θείαν συμμαχίαν τὸ μὴ ἰδεῖν τὴν ἐπηγ γελμένην αὐτοῖς χώραν καταδικάζει. 1.66 Προϊόντων δὲ διὰ τῆς ἐρήμου, πάλιν αὐτοῖς ἐπιλιπόντος τοῦ ὕδατος, καὶ ἡ μνήμη τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ δυνάμεως συνεπέλειψεν. Οὐ γὰρ τῷ προλαβόντι περὶ τὴν πέτραν θαύματι τὸ μηδὲ νῦν αὐτοῖς ἐνδεῆσαι τὴν χρείαν ἐπίστευσαν, ἀλλ' ἀποστάντες τῶν χρηστοτέρων ἐλπίδων, κατ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ταῖς λοιδορίαις ἐχώρουν, ὡς καὶ τὸν Μωϋσέα δόξαι τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ τοῦ λαοῦ συνοκλάσαι, πλὴν πάλιν αὐτοῖς θαυματοποιῆσαι τὴν ἀκρότομον ἐκείνην πέτραν εἰς ὑδάτων φύσιν μεταβαλόντα. 1.67 Ὡς δὲ πάλιν αὐτοῖς ἡ ἀνδραποδώδης τῶν ἐδωδίμων ἡδονὴ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τῆς γαστριμαργίας ἐπήγειρε καὶ τῶν πρὸς τὴν ζωὴν ἀναγκαίων οὐδενὸς ὑστερού μενοι τὸν Αἰγύπτιον κόρον ὠνειροπόλουν, οἱ ἀτακτοῦντες τῶν νέων σφοδροτέραις παιδαγωγοῦνται ταῖς μάστιξιν, ὄφεων αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὴν παρεμβολὴν θανατηφόρον ἰὸν ἐμβαλλόντων διὰ τοῦ δήγματος. 1.68 Ἐπαλλήλου δὲ γινομένης ἐκ τῶν θηρίων τῆς πτώσεως, θείᾳ συμβουλῇ παρορμηθεὶς ὁ νομοθέτης, χαλκὸν ἐν ὁμοιώματι ὄφεως χέας, ὑπερφαίνεσθαι τοῦ στρατοπέδου παντὸς ἐπί τινος ὕψους ἐποίησε. Καὶ οὕτως ἔστησεν ἐν τῷ λαῷ τὴν ἐκ τῶν θηρίων βλάβην καὶ τῆς φθορᾶς αὐτὸν ἀπήλλαξεν. Ὁ γὰρ πρὸς τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ ὄφεως τὴν ἐν τῷ χαλκῷ βλέπων οὐδὲν ἐδεδοίκει τοῦ ὄντως ὄφεως τὸ δῆγμα, ἐξ ἀντιπαθείας τινὸς ἀπορρήτου τῆς ὄψεως τὸν ἰὸν ἀμβλυνούσης. 1.69 Πάλιν αὐτῷ περὶ τῆς ἡγεμονίας ἐπαναστάσεως ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ γενομένης καὶ τινῶν τὴν ἱερωσύνην εἰς ἑαυτοὺς μεταστῆσαι βιαζομένων, ὁ μὲν ἱκέτης τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐξαμαρτανόντων ἐγίνετο, τὸ δὲ δίκαιον τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ κρίσεως τῆς τοῦ Μωϋσέως πρὸς τὸ ὁμόφυλον συμπαθείας ἰσχυρότερον ἦν. Χάσματι γὰρ ἡ γῆ διασχοῦσα θείῳ θελήματι πάλιν πρὸς ἑαυτὴν συμπίπτει, ἔνδον ὑπολαβοῦσα παγγενεῖ πάντας τοὺς τῇ ἀρχῇ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἀντεπάραντας. Οἱ δὲ περὶ τὴν ἱερωσύνην λυσσήσαντες, πυρὶ καταφλεγέντες περὶ διακοσίους τε καὶ πεντήκοντα, τῷ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς πάθει σωφρονίζουσι τὸ ὁμόφυλον.

1.70 Ὡς δ' ἂν μᾶλλον πεισθεῖεν οἱ ἄνθρωποι θεόθεν παρα γίνεσθαι τῆς ἱερωσύνης τὴν χάριν τοῖς ἀξιουμένοις, ῥάβδους ἐξ ἑκάστης φυλῆς παρὰ τῶν ἐξεχόντων κομίζεται, γράμμασιν ἰδίοις ἑκάστην κατασημηναμένου τοῦ δεδωκότος, ἐν αἷς ἦν καὶ ἡ Ἀαρὼν τοῦ ἱερέως. Ταύτας δὲ προθεὶς τῷ ναῷ, διὰ τούτων φανεροῖ τῷ λαῷ τὴν περὶ τῆς ἱερωσύνης τοῦ Θεοῦ ψῆφον. Μόνη γὰρ ἐκ πασῶν ἡ τοῦ Ἀαρὼν ῥάβδος ἐβλάστησε καὶ τὸν ἐκ τοῦ ξύλου καρπόν (κάρυον δὲ ἦν ὁ καρπός) ἐξέφυσέ τε καὶ ἐτελείωσεν, 1.71 ὃ δὴ μέγιστον καὶ τοῖς ἀπί στοις ἔδοξε θαῦμα, πῶς τὸ αὗον καὶ περιεξεσμένον καὶ ἄρριζον ἀθρόως πιανθὲν τὸ τῶν ἐρριζωμένων ἐνήργησεν, ἀντὶ γῆς καὶ φλοιοῦ καὶ ἰκμάδος καὶ ῥίζης καὶ χρόνου τῆς θείας δυνάμεως γενομένης τῷ ξύλῳ. 1.72 Ἐπὶ τούτοις δι' ἀλλοφύλων ἐθνῶν κωλυόντων τὴν πάροδον τὸν στρατὸν ἄγων, ἀπώμοτον ποιεῖται ταῖς ἀρούραις αὐτῶν καὶ τοῖς ἀμπελῶσι τῷ λαῷ συγχωρῆσαι τὴν δίοδον, ἀλλὰ φυλάξαι τὴν βασιλικὴν ὁδόν, μήτε εἰς δεξιάν, μήτε εἰς ἀριστερὰν ἀποκλίναντα. Τῶν δὲ πολεμίων οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις εἰρηνευόντων, μάχῃ καταγωνι σάμενος τὸν ἀντίπαλον, ἐγκρατὴς γίνεται τῆς παρόδου. 1.73 Εἶτά τις Βαλὰκ μείζονος ἔθνους τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἔχων (Μαδιανῖται δὲ τῷ ἔθνει τοὔνομα) πρὸς τὸ πάθος τῶν ἑαλωκότων καταπλαγεὶς καὶ ὅσον οὐδέπω τὰ ἴσα παρὰ τῶν Ἰσραηλιτῶν πείσεσθαι προσδοκήσας, ἐπάγεται πρὸς συμ μαχίαν ὅπλων μὲν καὶ σωμάτων βοήθειαν οὐδεμίαν, περίεργον δὲ μαγγανείαν διά τινος Βαλαάμ, ὃς περὶ ταῦτα δεινὸς ἐθρυλλεῖτο εἶναι καὶ παρὰ τῶν κεχρημένων αὐτῷ ἔχειν τινὰ πρὸς τὰς τοιαύτας σπουδὰς δύναμιν ἐπιστεύετο, ᾧ τέχνη μὲν ἦν ἡ οἰωνιστική, δαιμόνων δέ τινων συνεργίᾳ χαλεπὸς ἦν, ἐπάγων τοῖς ἀνθρώποις περιεργοτέρᾳ τινὶ δυνάμει τὰ