having been cast upon it, it seemed to be thought that all things came from water〛. 30 "They believed" is said instead of "They were confirmed." For he speaks of faith mostly in terms of confirmation. Therefore, he also revealed his glory to them more. For to change substance belongs to a creator and not to a creature. For wine coming to be from water is not simply a change of quality but of substance. 31 And after this he went down to Capernaum, he and his mother and his brothers and his
disciples. 〚It is asked by many concerning the brothers of Jesus how he had them, since Mary remained a virgin until her death.〛 He did not have brothers by nature, neither did the virgin bear another, nor was he himself from Joseph. Therefore, they were called his brothers by law, being sons of Joseph from a previously deceased wife; and since Mary was his wife by agreement
was called. 〚For the law of Moses teaches this, inflicting the punishment of adultery against one who has relations with a betrothed virgin; for it is added, 'Because he has humbled his neighbor's wife, he shall die'; if therefore the law calls the virgin betrothed to him the wife of Joseph〛, in accordance with such an ordinance, the sons of Joseph are called brothers of Jesus, even if he himself is not from him. 32 [Of the three public feasts delivered to the Hebrews by the great hierophant Moses, one was that called Passover, surpassing the other two, inasmuch as it signified the salvation from Egypt and the passage to the holy land. At this festival, therefore, the whole nation of the Jews from all the cities and villages hurried to Jerusalem. For it was delivered by the law that the Passover was to be sacrificed in this city alone. And the three feasts were named from God who legislated them. But since the Jews no longer conducted the feasts according to the ordinance but according to their own desires and pleasures, the evangelist says not the Passover of God but of the Jews. For they no longer came to Jerusalem for the sake of worship but for the sake of luxury. For everything for feasting was brought into it from all the surrounding places and was sold in the house of God. For the evangelist said that oxen and sheep and doves were sold there as <in> some marketplace. But since it happened that they did not bring so much money when coming to the feast, some money-changers devised to set up tables there and to exchange money, that is, to lend, taking gold from those who needed money, who had come for the purpose of getting drunk and living luxuriously rather than celebrating the feast. Therefore, while the whole nation of the Jews was there and was engaged in drunkenness, Jesus, entering the house of God, drove them all out from there, having only a whip of cords. But this would not have been accomplished, if he were an ordinary man † and undertaking to do this; for not only did he cast out the rest of the crowd from the house but also those selling the things for the feasting. And let no one think this to be less than the other miracles. For it was not possible without divine power for one man to cast out so great a multitude, and especially when they were enraged and murderous against him. And indeed the Jews themselves, being astonished at what was dared, say to him in what follows: "What sign do you show us that you do these things?" As if to say, By what power, how great are you and what sort of piety are you able to perform, that you do such things, daring alone to drive out a whole populous nation?] 33 But they believed not in him, but in his name. And these do not have a firm or perfect knowledge, concerning whom it was also said in the things before, but one that is able to fall away most easily. Wherefore he did not entrust himself to them, because he knew all things not superficially but from the depth of the mind.
ἐπι βληθείς, ἔδοξε νομισθῆναι τὸν πάντα ἐξ ὕδατος γεγενῆσθαι〛. 30 Τὸ «Ἐπίστευσαν» ἀντὶ τοῦ «Ἐβεβαιώθησαν» εἴρηται. τὴν γὰρ πίστιν ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῆς βεβαιώσεως λέγει. τούτοις οὖν καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ μᾶλλον ἐφανέρωσεν. κτιστοῦ γὰρ καὶ οὐ κτίσματος τὸ οὐσίαν μεταβαλεῖν. οὐ γὰρ ποιότητος ἁπλῶς ἀλλ' οὐ σίας μεταβολὴ τὸ ἐξ ὕδατος οἶνον γενέσθαι. 31 Καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο κατέβη εἰς Καφαρναούμ, αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ
μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ . 〚Ζητεῖται παρὰ πολλοῖς περὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν Ἰησοῦ πῶς εἶχεν τού τους, τῆς Μαρίας μέχρι τελευτῆς παρθένου διαμεινάσης.〛 ἀδελφοὺς μὲν οὐκ εἶχεν φύσει οὔτε τῆς παρθένου τεκούσης ἕτερον, οὐδ' αὐτὸς ἐκ τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ τυγχάνων. νόμῳ τοιγαροῦν ἐχρημάτισαν αὐτοῦ ἀδελ φοί, υἱοὶ τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ ὄντες ἐκ προτεθνηκυίας γυναικός· καὶ ἐπεὶ καθ' ὁμολογίαν γυνὴ αὐτοῦ ἡ Μαριὰμ
ἐχρημάτισεν. 〚τοῦτο γὰρ ὁ Μωϋσέως διδάσκει νόμος, μοιχείας τιμωρίαν ἐπάγων κατὰ τοῦ ἐπι βαίνοντος μνηστευθείσῃ παρθένῳ· ἐπιφέρεται γὰρ τὸ Ἀνθ' ὧν ἐταπείνωσε τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον, ἀποθανεῖται· εἰ τοίνυν ὁ νόμος γυναῖκα τοῦ
Ἰωσὴφ τὴν κατεγγυηθεῖσαν αὐτῷ παρθένον λέγει〛, ἀκολούθως τῇ τοιαύτῃ διατάξει ἀδελφοὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ εἴρηνται οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Ἰωσήφ, εἰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐξ αὐτοῦ μὴ τυγχάνει. 32 [Τριῶν ἑορτῶν δημοτελῶν παραδοθεισῶν τοῖς Ἑβραίοις ὑπὸ τοῦ μεγάλου ἱεροφάντου Μωϋσέως μία ἦν ἡ καλουμένη Πάσχα, ὑπερ κειμένη τὰς ἑτέρας δύο ἅτε σωτηρίαν ἐμφαίνουσα τὴν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου καὶ μετάβασιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἁγίαν γῆν. ταύτῃ γοῦν τῇ πανηγύρει τὸ πᾶν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἔθνος ἐκ πασῶν τῶν πόλεων καὶ κωμῶν ἔσπευδον ἐπὶ τὴν Ἱερουσαλήμ. ἐν μόνῃ γὰρ ταύτῃ τῇ πόλει παραδέδοτο ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου τὸ πάσχα θύεσθαι. ἐχρημάτιζον δὲ αἱ τρεῖς ἑορταὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ νομοθετήσαντος αὐτὰς θεοῦ. ἐπεὶ δὲ Ἰουδαῖοι οὐκέτι κατὰ τὴν διάταξιν ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ὀρέξεις τε καὶ ἡδονὰς ἦγον τὰς ἑορτάς, οὐ πάσχα τοῦ θεοῦ ἀλλὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς λέγει. οὐκέτι γὰρ λατρείας ἕνεκα ἀλλὰ τρυφῆς χάριν ἤρχοντο εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ. πάντα γὰρ εἰς εὐωχίαν ἐκ πάντων τῶν πέριξ τόπων ἐν αὐτῇ ἐκομίζετο καὶ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπιπράσκετο. βόας γὰρ καὶ πρόβατα καὶ περιστερὰς πωλεῖσθαι ἐκεῖ ὥσπερ <ἐν> ἐμπορίῳ τινὶ εἶπεν ὁ εὐαγγελιστής. ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ συνέβαινε μὴ τοσαῦτα αὐτοὺς ἐπι κομίζεσθαι ἀργύρια ἐρχομένους ἐπὶ τὴν ἑορτήν, ἐπενόησάν τινες ἀργυραμοιβοὶ τραπέζας ἐκεῖ τιθέναι καὶ κολλυβίζειν, τουτέστι δανεί ζειν, χρυσία λαμβάνοντες παρὰ τῶν χρῃζόντων ἀργυρίων, πρὸς τὸ μεθύειν καὶ τρυφᾶν μᾶλλον ἢ ἑορτάζειν ἐληλυθότων. παντὸς τοι γαροῦν τοῦ Ἰουδαίων ἔθνους ἐκεῖ τυγχάνοντος καὶ σχολάζοντος μέ θαις, Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ οἶκον εἰσελθὼν πάντας ἀπήλασεν ἐκεῖθεν αὐτὸ μόνον φραγέλλιον ἐκ σχοινίων ἔχων. οὐκ ἂν δὲ τοῦτο κατωρθοῦτο, εἰ ὁ τυχὼν ἄνθρωπος ἦν † καὶ ἐπιλαμβανόμενος τοῦτο πράττειν· οὐ μόνον γὰρ τὸ ἄλλο πλῆθος ἐξέβαλε τοῦ οἴκου ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὺς τοὺς πιπράσκοντας τὰ πρὸς τὴν εὐωχίαν. μηδεὶς δὲ νομιζέτω τοῦτο τῶν ἄλλων θαυμάτων ἔλαττον εἶναι. οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ θεϊκῆς ἐνεργείας οἷόν τε ἦν ἕνα ἄνθρωπον τοσοῦτον πλῆθος ἐκβάλλειν, καὶ μάλιστα ἐξηγριωμένων καὶ φονώντων κατ' αὐτοῦ. καὶ αὐτοὶ γοῦν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι καταπλαγέντες ἐπὶ τῷ τολμηθέντι φασὶν ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς πρὸς αὐτόν· «Τί σημεῖον δεικνύεις ἡμῖν ὅτι ταῦτα «ποιεῖς;» ∆υνάμει, λέγοντες, πηλίκος εἶ καὶ ποίαν θεοσέβειαν τελεῖν δυνάμενος, ὅτι τοιαῦτα πράττεις, τολμῶν ὅλον πολυάνθρωπον ἔθνος ἀπελαύνειν μόνος;] 33 Ἐπίστευον δὲ οὐκ εἰς αὐτόν, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ. οὗτοι δὲ οὐ βεβαίαν οὐδὲ τελείαν ἔχουσιν γνῶσιν, περὶ ὧν καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται, ἀλλὰ ῥᾷστα διαπεσεῖν δυναμένην. ὅθεν οὐδὲ ἐπίστευσεν ἑαυτὸν αὐτοῖς, διὰ τὸ εἰδέναι αὐτὸν οὐκ ἐξ ἐπιπολῆς ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ βάθους τῆς διανοίας πάντα.