you destroy; and having bound this one with violent bonds, you cast him to a loosed beast and sitting opposite you gaze, delighting in the incurable misfortune of the one being wrestled down by the beasts, and laughing; you hasten to destroy by a most wicked fate the common image of our nature, the one fashioned by the hand of God; and after this one has been destroyed by it, you, having slaughtered the beast itself in turn, how do you turn away, and speaking evil you say: "O evil beast and murderer of men." And what is more terrible than all, when the beast has been filled with the blood and flesh of men, having slaughtered this one in turn, you eat it and are found to be more savage than the wicked beasts, eating these very ones and heaping up irreconcilable misfortunes for yourselves in your stomach. 2.48 Again, having deprived the poorer of their lands, you build houses, so that being warmed you may digest your food quietly and well. And you force your bowels to be wide, composed of arts from immoderate intemperance, eating of animals, and drunken babbling. But we pray not even to thirst for water; for we are distracted from the truth whenever we water the body excessively with water. But you, rejoicing, come together for wine-drinking parties, and you do not cease unless you become raving mad from drinking. And after these things you stretch out your hands for libations and lift up your eyes to the sun, having completely driven out your reason, your mind being weighed down by the wine. More fortunate among you are rather the mad; for they are drunk without having bought wine. But you are anxious about the price of wine, so that having bought it, you may by drunkenness drive out your reason, bringing upon yourselves a senseless madness, laying hands on one another and each inflicting wounds upon his neighbor. And you do these things without feeling. Then, when the wine has worn off, you learn what was done by you from the pains. And not even so are you able to guard against drunkenness. 2.49 Again, having eaten many things you are not able to digest them, but having withdrawn late you vomit your intemperance through your mouth, turning nature upwards from below; drinking immeasurably you are filled like vessels and when the wine has soured, you senseless ones finally gush it forth, turning your body upside down, walking on your head instead of your feet like the animals; you force yourselves to be filled and with insolence you are emptied. Acquiring disease you crush the body and in those things in which you think to serve the stomach, from there you are distressed and being always sated you are deprived of all pleasure; for the end of immoderate satiety is a torment of the body and not health. For you are punished by diseases on account of your immoderation. What is the luxury of the body in comparison to the well-being of the soul? But if you wish to show that you have many things, bestow your superfluities on those in need among you. But as we hear, you are poor in reality, so that you do not even give bread to those who ask you, but you hasten to heap up countless possessions for yourselves; for you are slaves of bodies and insatiable bowels. 2.50 For on account of these affections there are many physicians among you who empty your greed or who choke your gluttony with hunger or who bridle the disease with some other arts and those who before poured out much wine as into a pierced vessel, they subdue with thirst, not even deeming them worthy of a drop of water. And those who once were heavy-headed now, being tormented, remain dry. And then they drank wine against nature, but now according to nature they desire water. And then they were bound by insatiable desire, but now they are tortured by the self-control of necessity. 2.51 But we Brahmans do not seek wine, we do not acquire a self-chosen madness; but we have as much water as we want from divine providence, in which we also delight. And {through it} being sober we treat our natural thirst, not acquiring madness; for we would rather choose death than to be overcome by drunkenness. To be handed over to a beast is much better than to be cast away from the glory of God on account of much drinking. For the drunkard is worse than irrational animals, being dead in his reason; for having lost his mind, he has been alienated from God. 2.52 But what of the glorious among you? They are deceived by wealth, looking at what is false

ἀφανίσητε· καὶ δεδεμένον τοῦτον δεσμοῖς βιαί οις λελυμένῳ θηρίῳ παραβάλλετε καὶ ἀντικαθεζόμενοι ἐνατενίζε τε τερπόμενοι τῇ ἀνηκέστῳ συμφορᾷ τὸν τοῖς θηρίοις καταπαλαι όμενον καὶ γελῶντες· σπουδάζετε καταλῦσαι κακίστῳ μόρῳ τὴν κοινὴν τῆς φύσεως ἡμῶν εἰκόνα τὴν χειρὶ θεοῦ πλασθεῖσαν· καὶ μετὰ τὸ τοῦτον ὑπ' αὐτοῦ διαφθαρῆναι αὐτὸν πάλιν τὸν θῆρα σφαγιάσαντες ὑμεῖς πῶς ἀποτρέπεσθε, καὶ κακολογοῦντες λέγετε· "ὦ κακὸν θηρίον καὶ φονεῦ ἀνθρώπων". καὶ τὸ πάντων δὲ δεινό τερον, αἱμάτων καὶ σαρκῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῦ θηρὸς ἐμφορηθέντος, τοῦτον κατασφάξαντες πάλιν ὑμεῖς ἐσθίετε καὶ εὑρίσκεσθε τῶν πονηρῶν θηρίων ἀνημερώτεροι αὐτοὺς τούτους ἐσθίοντες καὶ ἀκα ταλάκτους συμφορὰς ἑαυτοῖς ἐν τῇ γαστρὶ σωρεύοντες. 2.48 χώρας πάλιν τοὺς πενεστέρους ἀποστερήσαντες ὑμεῖς οἰ κοδομεῖτε οἰκίας, ἵνα θερμαινόμενοι ἡσυχαίως εὐπεπτῆτε. καὶ ἀναγκάζετε ὑμῶν τὰ ἔντερα πλατεῖς εἶναι τεχνῶν σύνθετα ἐξ ἀμέτρου ἀκρασίας, ζωοφαγίας καὶ οἰνοφλυγίας. ἡμεῖς δὲ εὐχό μεθα μηδὲ ὕδατος διψῆσαι· περισπώμεθα γὰρ ἀληθείας, ὅταν σῶ μα περισσῶς ποτίσωμεν ὕδατι. ὑμεῖς δὲ χαίροντες ἐπὶ τὰς οἰ νοποσίας συνέρχεσθε, καὶ ἐὰν μὴ ἐκμανῆτε πίνοντες οὐ παύεσθε. καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα χεῖρας ἐπὶ σπονδὰς ἐκτείνετε καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλ μοὺς ὑμῶν εἰς τὸν ἥλιον ἐπαίρετε παντελῶς ἐκδιώξαντες ὑμῶν τὴν φρόνησιν βαρυνόμενοι τὸν νοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴνου. εὐτυχέστεροι παρ' ὑμῖν εἰσι μᾶλλον οἱ μαινόμενοι· ἐκεῖνοι γὰρ μεθύουσιν οἶνον μὴ ἀγοράσαντες. ὑμεῖς δὲ μεριμνᾶτε τὴν τιμὴν τοῦ οἴνου, ἵνα τοῦτον ἀγοράσαντες τῇ μέθῃ τὴν φρόνησιν ἐκδιώξητε ἑαυτοῖς ἐπεισάγοντες ἔκφρονα μανίαν, κατ' ἀλλήλων χεῖρας κατακλῶντες καὶ τραύματα ἕκαστος τῷ πλησίον ἐμφοροῦντες. καὶ ταῦτα ποιεῖ τε ἀναισθήτως. εἶθ' οὕτως τοῦ οἴνου διαπνευσθέντος μανθάνετε τὰ παρ' αὐτῶν δρασθέντα ἐκ τῶν ἀλγηδόνων. καὶ οὐδ' οὕτως ἰσ χύετε παραφυλάξαι τὴν μέθην. 2.49 πάλιν πολλὰ φαγόντες οὐκ ἰσχύετε αὐτὰ πέψαι, ἀλλ' ὀψὲ ἀναχωρήσαντες τὴν ἀκρασίαν ὑμῶν διὰ στόματος ἐμεῖτε κάτωθεν ἄνω στρέφοντες τὴν φύσιν· πίνοντες ἀμετρήτως πληροῦσθε ὡς ἀγγεῖα καὶ ὀζέσαντος τοῦ οἴνου τελευταῖον τοῦτον ἀναβλύζετε ἄφρονες ἀναστρέψαντες τὸ σῶμα ἀντὶ τῶν ποδῶν ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν περι πατοῦντες ὡς τὰ ζῷα· βιάζεσθε πληροῦσθαι καὶ μετὰ ὕβρεως κε νοῦσθε. νόσον προσλαμβάνοντες συντρίβετε τὸ σῶμα καὶ ἐν οἷς δοκεῖτε τὴν γαστέρα θεραπεύειν, ἐκεῖθεν ἀνιᾶσθε καὶ ἀεὶ κεκο ρεσμένοι πάσης ἡδονῆς ἐστερημένοι· τέλος γὰρ ἀμέτρου κόρου βάσανος σώματος καὶ οὐχ ὑγεία. κολάζεσθε γὰρ νόσοις διὰ τὴν ἀμετρίαν. τί δέ ἐστιν ἡ τοῦ σώματος τρυφὴ πρὸς ψυχῆς εὐδαιμο νίαν; εἰ δὲ ἐπιδείκνυσθαι βούλεσθε, ὅτι ἔχετε πολλά, τοῖς παρ' ὑμῖν ἐνδεομένοις χαρίζεσθε τὰ περισσά. ὡς δὲ ἀκούομεν, πτωχοί ἐστε τῷ ὄντι, ὥστε μήτε ἄρτον τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν ὑμᾶς δίδο τε, ἀναριθμήτους δὲ οὐσίας ἑαυτοῖς σπουδάζετε σωρεύειν· δοῦ λοι γάρ ἐστε σωμάτων καὶ ἐντέρων ἀκορέστων. 2.50 διὰ ταῦτα γὰρ τὰ πάθη πολλοὶ ἰατροὶ ἐν ὑμῖν οἱ κενοῦντες ὑμῶν τὴν ἀπληστίαν ἢ λιμῷ κατάγχοντες τὴν πολυφαγίαν ἢ ἄλλαις τισὶ τέχναις τὴν νόσον χαλινοῦντες καὶ τοὺς τὸ πρὶν πολὺν ἐκ χεομένους οἶνον ὡς εἰς ἀγγεῖον τετρημένον δαμάζοντες τῇ δίψῃ, μηδὲ ῥάνιδος ὕδατος τούτους καταξιοῦντες. καὶ οἱ ποτὲ καρη βαροῦντες νῦν βασανιζόμενοι ξηροὶ διατελοῦσιν. καὶ τότε μὲν παρὰ φύσιν ἔπινον τὸν οἶνον, νῦν δὲ κατὰ φύσιν ὕδωρ ἐπιθυ μοῦσιν. καὶ τότε μὲν πεπεδημένοι ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἀκορέστῳ, νῦν δὲ στρεβλούμενοι τῇ ἐγκρατείᾳ τῆς ἀνάγκης. 2.51 Βραγμᾶνες δὲ οἶνον οὐκ ἐπιζητοῦμεν, οὐκ αὐθαίρετον κτώ μεθα μανίαν· ὕδωρ δέ, ὅσον θέλομεν, ἔχομεν ἐκ θείας προνοίας, ᾧ καὶ ἡδόμεθα. καὶ {δι' αὐτοῦ} φρονοῦντες τὴν κατὰ φύσιν θε ραπεύομεν δίψαν οὐ κτώμενοι μανίαν· μᾶλλον γὰρ ἑλώμεθα θάνα τον ἢ κατακυριευθῆναι μέθῃ. θηρὶ παραδοθῆναι πολλῷ μᾶλλόν ἐστι βέλτιον ἢ δόξης θεοῦ ἀπορριφῆναι διὰ πολυποσίαν. ὁ γὰρ μεθύων ζῴων ἀλόγων ἐστὶ χείρων τεθνηκὼς φρονήσει· τὸν νοῦν γὰρ ἀπολέσας τοῦ θεοῦ ἠλλοτριώθη. 2.52 τί δὲ οἱ ἐν ὑμῖν ἔνδοξοι; τῷ πλούτῳ ἀπατῶνται ψευδῆ ἐνορῶντες