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to have the concept of God impressed once for all and as it were sealed upon the ruling faculty of the soul, existing always within the soul, and he is able, according to the apostolic command, to rejoice always, pray without ceasing, in everything give thanks, to do all things to the glory of God, whether he eats or whether he drinks, being continually nourished and strengthened by the bread of life. The heart of such a man is awake while he is sleeping, and when he is awake he is never separated from God in any way; and declaring this the Apostle says: "He who is joined to a wife is one body, and he who is joined to the Lord is one spirit." "For God is Spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit ( 30) and in truth." Therefore, he who is thus spiritually joined to God, so as to become one spirit with him, cannot sin; for the theological voice says: "For this the Son of God was manifested, that he might take away our sins, and in him there is no sin; everyone who abides in him does not sin, everyone who sins has not seen him nor known him." And again: "Everyone who has been born of God does not commit sin, because his seed remains in him, and he cannot sin because he has been born of God."

If then everyone who sins has not seen God nor known him, and he who has been born of God does not commit sin, being called his child, I am moved to marvel at the many men who, before being born of God and being called his children, do not shudder to theologize and speak about God. For this reason, also, when I hear some of these men philosophizing about divine and unattainable matters and impurely theologizing and explaining things concerning God and things pertaining to him without the Spirit that gives understanding, my spirit shudders and I am as it were beside myself, considering and observing the incomprehensibility of the divinity to all, and how, being ignorant of the things at our feet and of our very selves, we are eager to philosophize with a lack of fear of God and with audacity about things unattainable for us, and this while being empty of the Spirit who illuminates or even unfolds these things and sinning in the very act of saying anything about God. For if to know oneself alone is difficult and a matter of philosophy for very few, and almost not even for a few in this time and this generation, when the love of philosophy has been extinguished by the violent rush and contrary wind of the negligence that has seized us and of the affairs of this life, exchanging for eternal things those that are worthless and no longer exist (31) or do not exist at all, being transformed at different times in different ways and having no fixed limit, how much more difficult is it to know God, and moreover completely irrational and senseless to investigate the nature and essence of God. But why, O men, having neglected to order your own affairs well, do you investigate the things concerning God and divine matters? We must first pass over from death to life, then receive in ourselves the seed from above of the living God and be born of him, so as to be called his children, and draw the Spirit into our inward parts, and thus, being illumined, speak about God, as far as it is possible and we are illumined by God.

For the present, believe me, in one God, you who also aspire to theologize in this way, who was not born of another (for there was not nor has there been anything older before him), nor made himself, as some of the extremely foolish have supposed (for it is impossible for that which is not to come into being automatically), who is ever-existing and pre-existing and will be eternally one God in three hypostases. For one who rightly holds the truth would not say that the enhypostatic and trihypostatic one is without hypostasis, but being taught the things beyond him from the things concerning him, he worships the one divinity in three consubstantial persons. For if he has not confused and darkened the image by the passions, he first knows himself by recognizing that he has received a living and enhypostatic soul from the creator,

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ἐντετυπωμένην ἅπαξ καί οἱονεί ἐσφραγισμένην τῷ ἡγεμονικῷ τῆς ψυχῆς τήν περί Θεοῦ ἔννοιαν ἔχειν διά παντός ἐνυπάρχουσαν τῇ ψυχῇ, δύναται δέ καί κατά τήν ἀποστολικήν ὑποθήκην πάντοτε χαίρειν, ἀδιαλείπτως προσεύχεσθαι, ἐν παντί εὐχαριστεῖν, πάντα εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ ποιεῖν, κἄν εἴτε ἐσθίῃ, κἄν εἴτε πίνῃ, ὑπό τοῦ ἄρτου δηλαδή τῆς ζωῆς διηνεκῶς τρεφόμενός τε καί δυναμούμενος. Τοῦ τοιούτου καθεύδοντος ἡ καρδία ἐγρήγορε καί ἐγρηγορότος οὐδέποτε τοῦ Θεοῦ καθ᾿ οἱονδήποτε τρόπον χωρίζεται· καί τοῦτο δηλῶν ὁ Ἀπόστολος λέγει· "Ὁ κολλώμενος τῇ γυναικί ἕν σῶμά ἐστι καί ὁ κολλώμενος τῷ Κυρίῳ ἕν πνεῦμά ἐστι". "Πνεῦμα γάρ ὁ Θεός καί τούς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτόν ἐν πνεύματι ( 30) καί ἀληθείᾳ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν". Τοιγαροῦν καί ὁ οὕτω συναφθείς πενυματικῶς τῷ Θεῷ, ὥστε ἕν πνεῦμα γενέσθαι μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ἁμαρτάνειν οὐ δύναται· φησί γάρ ἡ θεολόγος φωνή· "Εἰς τοῦτο ἐφανερώθη ὁ Υἱός τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα τάς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν ἄρῃ καί ἁμαρτία ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστι· πᾶς ὁ ἐν αὐτῷ μένων οὐχ ἁμαρτάνει, πᾶς ὁ ἁμαρτάνων οὐχ ἑώρακεν αὐτόν οὐδέ ἔγνωκεν αὐτόν". Καί πάλιν· "Πᾶς ὁ γεγενημένος ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἁμαρτίαν οὐ ποιεῖ, ὅτι σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ μένει, καί οὐ δύναται ἁμαρτάνειν ὅτι ἐκ Θεοῦ γεγέννηται".

Εἰ οὖν πᾶς ὁ ἁμαρτάνων τόν Θεόν οὐχ ἑώρακεν οὐδέ ἔγνωκεν αὐτόν, ὁ δέ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἁμαρτίαν οὐ ποιεῖ, τέκνον χρηματίζων αὐτοῦ, θαυμάζειν μοι ἔπεισιν ἐπί τούς πολλούς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, οἵ πρό τοῦ γεννηθῆναι ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τέκνα χρηματίσαι αὐτοῦ θεολογεῖν καί περί Θεοῦ λέγειν οὐ φρίττουσι. ∆ιά δή τοῦτο καί ὅταν περί θείων καί ἀνεφίκτων πραγμάτων ἀκούω τούτων τινάς φιλοσοφοῦντας καί ἀνάγνως θεολογοῦντας καί τά περί Θεοῦ καί τά κατ᾿ αὐτόν ἐξηγουμένους ἄνευ τοῦ συνετίζοντος Πνεύματος, φρίττει μου τό πνεῦμα καί οἱονεί ἔξω ἐμαυτοῦ γίνομαι, ἀναλογιζόμενος καί σκοπῶν τό πᾶσιν ἀκατάληπτον τῆς θεότητος καί ὅπως, τά ἐν ποσίν ἀγνοοῦντες καί αὐτούς ἡμᾶς, περί τῶν ἀνεφίκτων ἡμῖν ἀφοβίᾳ Θεοῦ καί τόλμῃ φιλοσοφεῖν προθυμούμεθα, καί ταῦτα κενοί Πνεύματος ὄντες τοῦ ταῦτα φωτίζοντος ἤ καί ἀναπτύσσοντος καί αὐτό τοῦτο τό περί Θεοῦ λέγειν τι ἁμαρτάνοντες. Εἰ γάρ τό γνῶναι μόνον ἕκαστον ἑαυτόν χαλεπόν καί κομιδῇ ὀλίγοις φιλοσοφούμενον, μικροῦ δέ οὐδ᾿ ὀλίγοις ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ καί τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ, ἡνίκα καί ὁ τῆς φιλοσοφίας ἔρως ἐσβέσθη τῇ βιαίᾳ φορᾷ καί ἀντιπνεύσει τῆς κατασχούσης ἡμᾶς ἀμελείας καί τῶν πραγμάτων τοῦ βίου, ἀνταλλαττομένοις τῶν αἰωνίων τά μηδενός ἄξια καί μηκέτ᾿ ὄντα (31) ἤ οὐδαμῶς ὄντα, ἄλλοτε ἄλλως μετατυπούμενα καί ὅρον μή ἔχοντα στάσεως, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τό γνῶναι Θεόν χαλεπώτερον καί προσέτι πάντῃ ἄλογον καί ἀσύνετον καί φύσιν Θεοῦ καί οὐσίαν ἐξερευνᾶν. Ἀλλά τί τά ἑαυτῶν ἀφέντες, ὦ οὗτοι, καλῶς διατίθεσθαι, τά περί Θεοῦ καί τῶν θείων ἐξερευνᾶτε; Μεταβῆναι δεῖ πρῶτον ἡμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου εἰς τήν ζωήν, εἶθ᾿ οὕτω δέξασθαι σπέρμα ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἄνωθεν τοῦ ζῶντος Θεοῦ καί γεννηθῆναι ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ὡς χρηματίσαι τέκνα αὐτοῦ, καί ἑλκύσαι Πνεῦμα ἐν τοῖς ἐγκάτοις καί οὕτως ἐλλαμπομένους τά περί Θεοῦ φθέγγεσθαι, καθόσον οἷόν τε καί ἀπό Θεοῦ ἐλλαμπόμεθα.

Τό δέ νῦν ἔχον πίστευέ μοι εἰς ἕνα Θεόν, ὁ καί οὕτω θεολογεῖν ἐφιέμενος, τόν μή παρ᾿ ἑτέρου γεγονότα τινός (οὐδέ γάρ ἦν πρό αὐτοῦ τι πρεσβύτερον οὔτε γέγονε), μήτε πεποιηκότα ἑαυτόν, ὥς τινες τῶν λίαν ἀνοήτων ὑπέλαβον (αὐτομάτως γάρ τό μή ὄν γενέσθαι ἀδύνατον), τόν ἀεί ὄντα καί προόντα καί ἀϊδίως ἐσόμενον ἕνα Θεόν ἐν τρισίν ὑποστάσεσιν. Οὐδέ γάρ ἀνυπόστατον τόν ἐνυπόστατον καί τρισυπόστατον φαίη τις ἄν, πρεσβεύων ὀρθῶς τήν ἀλήθειαν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τῶν κατ᾿ αὐτόν τά ὑπέρ αὐτόν διδασκόμενος ἐν τρισίν ὁμοουσίοις προσώποις προσκυνεῖ τήν μίαν θεότητα. Εἰ γάρ τό κατ᾿ εἰκόνα τοῖς πάθεσι μή συνέχεέ τε καί συνεζόφωσε, πρῶτον μέν ἐπιγνούς ἐπίσταται ἑαυτόν ὅτι δή ψυχήν ζῶσαν καί ἐνυπόστατον παρά τοῦ κτίσαντος εἴληφεν,