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the one refashioning, and reforming, and transforming this? Was it matter itself that transformed and ordered itself? For Zeus came into being after a long time, not only after matter but also after the world and a multitude of men; and furthermore, also his father Cronus. Or rather was there some Lord who made it, I mean God, who also ordered it? Furthermore, he is found talking nonsense in every way and saying things contrary to himself. For having said earth and heaven and sea, he maintains that the gods came into being from them, and from these he reports certain most terrible men, kinsmen of the gods, the race of Titans and Cyclopes and the multitude of Giants, and of the daemons in Egypt, or of foolish men, as Apollonides, also called Horapius, mentions in the book entitled Semenouthi and in his other histories about the Egyptian religion and their kings. And why should I speak of the myths among the Greeks and the vain labor in them, Pluto ruling darkness, and Poseidon plunging beneath the seas and embracing Melanippe and begetting a man-eating son, or about the children of Zeus, all the things that the writers dramatized? And that these were men and not gods who were born, they themselves recount their lineage. And Aristophanes the comic poet, in the work entitled The Birds, having attempted to speak about the creation of the world, said that in the beginning the constitution of the world came from an egg, saying: First, the black-winged one bore an egg. But also Satyrus, in his history of the demes of the Alexandrians, beginning from Philopator who was also called Ptolemy, indicates that Dionysus was the founder of his line; for which reason Ptolemy also established the first tribe. Satyrus therefore speaks thus: "From Dionysus and Althaea the daughter of Thestius, Deianeira was born; and from her and Heracles son of Zeus, Hyllus; and from him, Cleodaeus; and from him, Aristomachus; and from him, Temenus; and from him, Ceisus; and from him, Maron; and from him, Thestius; and from him, Acous; and from him, Aristodamidas; and from him, Caranus; and from him, Coenus; and from him, Tyrimmas; and from him, Perdiccas; and from him, Philip; and from him, Aeropus; and from him, Alcetas; and from him, Amyntas; and from him, Bocrus; and from him, Meleager; and from him, Arsinoe; and from her and Lagus, Ptolemy also called Soter; and from him and Berenice, Ptolemy Philadelphus; and from him and Arsinoe, Ptolemy Euergetes; and from him and Berenice the daughter of Magas who reigned in Cyrene, Ptolemy Philopator. So then the kinship to Dionysus of those who reigned in Alexandria is as follows. Whence also in the Dionysia tribe, demes are registered. Altheis, from the one who became the wife of Dionysus, daughter of Thestius, Althaea. Deianeiris, from the daughter of Dionysus and Althaea, and wife of Heracles. Whence also the demes according to them have their appellations: Ariadnis, from the daughter of Minos, and wife of Dionysus, a father-loving child who was mingled with Dionysus in the form of Prymnis, Thestis from Thestius the father of Althaea, Thoantis from Thoas the son of Dionysus, Staphylis

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ὁ ταύτην μετασκευάζων καὶ μεταρρυθμίζων καὶ μεταμορφῶν; πότερον αὐτὴ ἑαυτὴν ἡ ὕλη μετεσχημάτιζεν καὶ ἐκόσμει; ὁ γὰρ Ζεὺς μετὰ χρόνον πολὺν γεγένηται, οὐ μόνον τῆς ὕλης ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ κόσμου καὶ πλήθους ἀνθρώπων· ἔτι μὴν καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Κρόνος. ἢ μᾶλλον ἦν κύριόν τι τὸ ποιῆσαν αὐτήν, λέγω δὲ θεός, ὁ καὶ κατακοσμήσας αὐτήν; Ἔτι μὴν κατὰ πάντα τρόπον φλυαρῶν εὑρίσκεται καὶ ἐναντία ἑαυτῷ λέγων. εἰπὼν γὰρ γῆν καὶ οὐρανὸν καὶ θάλασσαν ἐξ αὐτῶν τοὺς θεοὺς βούλεται γεγονέναι, καὶ ἐκ τούτων ἀνθρώπους δεινοτά- τους τινὰς συγγενεῖς θεῶν καταγγέλλει, Τιτάνων γένος καὶ Κυκλώ- πων καὶ Γιγάντων πληθύν, τῶν τε κατὰ Aἴγυπτον δαιμόνων, ἢ ματαίων ἀνθρώπων, ὡς μέμνηται Ἀπολλωνίδης, ὁ καὶ Ὁράπιος ἐπικληθείς, ἐν βίβλῳ τῇ ἐπιγραφομένῃ Σεμενουθὶ καὶ ταῖς λοιπαῖς κατ' αὐτὸν ἱστορίαις περί τε τῆς θρησκείας τῆς Aἰγυπτιακῆς καὶ τῶν βασιλέων αὐτῶν. Τί δέ μοι λέγειν τοὺς κατὰ Ἕλληνας μύθους καὶ τὴν ἐν αὐτοῖς ματαιοπονίαν, Πλούτωνα μὲν σκότους βασιλεύοντα, καὶ Ποσειδῶνα ὑπὸ πόντων δύνοντα καὶ τῇ Μελανίππῃ περιπλεκόμενον καὶ υἱὸν ἀνθρωποβόρον γεννήσαντα, ἢ περὶ τῶν τοῦ ∆ιὸς παίδων ὁπόσα οἱ συγγραφεῖς ἐτραγῴδησαν; καὶ ὅτι οὗτοι ἄνθρωποι καὶ οὐ θεοὶ ἐγεννήθησαν, τὸ γένος αὐτῶν αὐτοὶ καταλέγουσιν. Ἀριστοφάνης δὲ ὁ κωμικὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιγραφομέναις Ὄρνισιν, ἐπιχειρήσας περὶ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ποιήσεως, ἔφη ἐν πρώτοις ὠὸν γεγενῆσθαι τὴν σύστασιν τοῦ κόσμου, λέγων· Πρώτιστα τεκὼν μελανόπτερος ᾠόν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ Σάτυρος ἱστορῶν τοὺς δήμους Ἀλεξανδρέων, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ Φιλοπάτορος τοῦ καὶ Πτολεμαίου προσαγορευθέντος, τούτου μηνύει ∆ιόνυσον ἀρχηγέτην γεγονέναι· διὸ καὶ φυλὴν ὁ Πτολεμαῖος πρώτην κατέστησεν. λέγει οὖν ὁ Σάτυρος οὕτως· "∆ιονύσου καὶ Ἀλθαίας τῆς Θεστίου γεγενῆσθαι ∆ηϊάνειραν, τῆς δὲ καὶ Ἡρακλέους τοῦ ∆ιὸς Ὕλλον, τοῦ δὲ Κλεοδαῖον, τοῦ δὲ Ἀριστόμαχον, τοῦ δὲ Τήμενον, τοῦ δὲ Κεῖσον, τοῦ δὲ Μάρωνα, τοῦ δὲ Θέστιον, τοῦ δὲ Ἀκοόν, τοῦ δὲ Ἀριστοδαμίδαν, τοῦ δὲ Καρανόν, τοῦ δὲ Κοινόν, τοῦ δὲ Τυρίμμαν, τοῦ δὲ Περδίκκαν, τοῦ δὲ Φίλιππον, τοῦ δὲ Ἀέροπον, τοῦ δὲ Ἀλκέταν, τοῦ δὲ Ἀμύνταν, τοῦ δὲ Βόκρον, τοῦ δὲ Μελέαγρον, τοῦ δὲ Ἀρσινόην, τῆς δὲ καὶ Λάγου Πτολεμαῖον τὸν καὶ Σωτῆρα, τοῦ δὲ καὶ Βερενίκης Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Φιλάδελφον, τοῦ δὲ καὶ Ἀρσινόης Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Eὐεργέτην, τοῦ δὲ καὶ Βερενίκης τῆς Μάγα τοῦ ἐν Κυρήνῃ βασιλεύσαντος Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Φιλοπάτορα. ἡ μὲν οὖν πρὸς ∆ιόνυσον τοῖς ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ βασι- λεύσασιν συγγένεια οὕτως περιέχει. ὅθεν καὶ ἐν τῇ ∆ιονυσίᾳ φυλῇ δῆμοί εἰσιν κατακεχωρισμένοι. Ἀλθηῒς ἀπὸ τῆς γενομένης γυναικὸς ∆ιονύσου, θυγατρὸς δὲ Θεστίου, Ἀλθαίας. ∆ηϊανειρὶς ἀπὸ τῆς θυγατρὸς ∆ιονύσου καὶ Ἀλθαίας, γυναικὸς δὲ Ἡρακλέους. ὅθεν καὶ τὰς προσωνυμίας ἔχουσιν οἱ κατ' αὐτοὺς δῆμοι· Ἀριαδνὶς ἀπὸ τῆς θυγατρὸς Μίνω, γυναικὸς δὲ ∆ιονύσου, παιδὸς πατροφίλης τῆς μιχθείσης ∆ιονύσῳ ἐν μορφῇ Πρύμνιδι , Θεστὶς ἀπὸ Θεστίου τοῦ Ἀλθαίας πατρός, Θοαντὶς ἀπὸ Θοαντὸς παιδὸς ∆ιονύσου, Σταφυλὶς