Gregory Nazianzen's Second Invective Against Julian The Emperor.

 1. THUS, then, the first portion of my task has now been completed and brought to an end for I have shown up the wickedness of that personage, both i

 2. Diseases justly sent upon the impious, rendings that cannot be concealed, plagues and scourges of divers kinds, corresponding to the atrocities the

 3. He [Julian] was daily growing more infuriated against us, as though raising up waves by other waves, he that went mad first against himself, that t

 4. And when he had formed this plan, and made them believe it (for whatever suits one's wishes is a ready engine for deceiving people), they began to

 5. What will those gentlemen say of these events----they who are wise, as this world goes, and make a fine show of their own cause, smoothing down the

 6. Thus much is taken from things celestial and sympathizing with our fortunes, in accordance with the mighty harmony and disposition of the universe.

 7. Was it then only earth and heaven, and did not air likewise give a sign on that occasion, and was hallowed with the badges of the Passion? Let thos

 8. So passed that affair but he, infatuated and urged on as he was by his furies in detail, advances to meet the finishing stroke of his crimes: for,

 9. But, as already said, such was his determination----and he was full of eagerness, bringing into one every jugglery of divination, of imposture, of

 10. From this point, however, like sand slipping from beneath the feet, or a great wave bursting upon a ship, things began to go back with him for Ct

 11. For a man, one of no little consideration amongst the Persians, following the example of. that Zopyrus employed by Cyrus in the case of Babylon, o

 12. And when he had said this, and gained credence to his story (for rashness is credulous, especially when God drives it on), everything that was dre

 13. Up to this point, such is the universal account but thenceforward, one and the same story is not told by all, but different accounts are reported

 14. One action of this person deserves not to be passed over in silence, as it contains, to wind up many others, the strongest exemplification of his

 15. When that man had received the imperial power immediately after him, who was elected for his successor in the very camp, and in the extremity of d

 16. What then remained but for the corpse of the impious one to be carried home by the Romans, although he had closed his career in this manner? For w

 17. We, however, more commonly out of regard for his father (who had laid the foundation of the imperial power and the Christian religion) as well as

 18. But as for the other, the circumstances attending his departure to the war were disgraceful (for he was pursued by mobs and townsfolk with vulgar

 19. And these things I have related as forming the greatest and most important of the charges against him, though I am not ignorant that to two or thr

 20. What shall I say of his revisals and alterations of sentences, frequently changed and upset at midnight, like the tides? For my fine fellow though

 21. That part, too, is certainly to be commended in the training of our philosopher, that he was so very free from anger, and superior to all the pass

 22. But the puffings and blowings of the fire (in which this wonderful man, who reviles our rites, set an example to all old ladies) when he was kindl

 23. This character of his was made known by experience to others, and by his coming to the throne which gave him free scope to display it. But it had

 24. Why should I go into particulars? I saw the man before his actions exactly what I afterwards found him in

 25. These are the tales of us Galileans----of us, the vile and abject these are told by us who worship the Crucified One, the disciples of the uned

 26. Now the King of Judah, Hezekiah, when a certain king of the foreigners had come against him with a great force, and had encompassed Jerusalem with

 27. Is this the recompense from thee to the Christians, in return for having been saved (unluckily) by their means? Didst thou thus repay the Lord thy

 28. These things therefore did I think and cry aloud unto God, but now for what expressions, and in place of what, do I exchange them? Henceforth, I b

 29. Let these things therefore take their course in what way soever is well-pleasing to God! Who knows whether He who looseth those that be bound, an

 80. Give me thy reasons, both as an emperor, and as a sophist, thy conclusive arguments and syllogisms: let us see what our own fishermen and vulgar f

 31. Let thy herald hush his disgraceful proclamation let my

 32. No more does the Oak speak no more does the Cauldron thou is

 33. Men and women, young and old, all ye that have been admitted to this tribunal, and all ye that are set in the lower place, all ye whom the Lord ha

 34. Wherefore let us be really corrected by this divine correction let us show ourselves deserving, not only of what we have suffered at first, but o

 35. First, therefore, brethren, let us keep a festival, not with cheerfulness of face, nor changes and sumptuousness of apparel, nor with revellings a

 36. Secondly, the words I am about to utter will be unpleasant and hard of acceptation, I well know, to the generality (for man when placed in a posit

 37. Let us conquer those that have oppressed us, with clemency and above all let humanity be our director, and the force of that commandment which pr

 38. I pass over the inspired, and our own denouncements, and the punishments that, according to us, are in store in the world to come: turn, pray, to

 39. Here is a keepsake for thee in return for a kick, thou best and wisest of men! (to address thee in thy own words) this words, thy  

 40. For we two were not less courageous than the youths who were cooled with dew in the furnace and who overcame the wild beasts through Faith and w

 41. This is the meaning of the lies and ravings of thy Porphyry (of which ye all boast as divinely-inspired words), and of thy Misopogon, or rather

 42. Here is a pillar for thee, raised by our hands, more lofty and more conspicuous than the Pillars of Hercules for they this

10. From this point, however, like sand slipping from beneath the feet, or a great wave bursting upon a ship, things began to go back with him; for Ctesiphon is a strong fortified town, hard to take, and very well secured by a wall of burnt brick, a deep ditch, and the swamps coming from the river. It is rendered yet more secure by another strong place, the name of which is Cochè, furnished with equal defences as far as regards garrison and artificial protection, so closely united with it that they appear one city, the river separating both, between them. For it was neither possible to take the place by general assault, nor to reduce it by siege, nor even to force a way through by means of the fleet principally, for he would run the risk of destruction; being exposed to missiles from higher ground on both sides, he leaves the place in his rear, and does so in this manner. Of the river Euphrates, which is a very large one, he cuts off no inconsiderable part and diverts it so as to be navigable for vessels, by means of a canal, of which ancient vestiges are said to be visible; and thus joining the Tigris a little in front of Ctesiphon, he saves his boats from one river by means of the other river, in all security; in this way he escapes the danger that menaced him from the two garrisons. But, as he advanced, a Persian army suddenly started up, and continually received fresh reinforcements, but did not think it advisable to stand in front and fight it out, without the greatest necessity (although it was in their power to conquer, from their superior numbers); but from the tops of the hills and narrow passes they shot arrows and threw darts, whenever opportunity served, and thus readily prevented his further progress. Hence he is reduced to great perplexity, and not knowing to what side to turn, he finds out an unlucky solution for the difficulty.

Ιʹ. Ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἤδη, ὥσπερ ψάμμου ποδῶν ὑποσπασθείσης, ἢ νηῒ ζάλης ἀντιπεσούσης, εἰς τοὐπίσω χωρεῖ τὰ πράγματα. Ἡ γὰρ Κτησιφῶν φρούριόν ἐστι καρτερὸν καὶ δυσάλωτον, τείχει τε ὀπτῆς πλίνθου, καὶ τάφρῳ βαθείᾳ, καὶ τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τενάγεσιν ὠχυρωμένη. Ποιεῖ δὲ αὐτὴν ὀχυροτέραν καὶ φρούριον ἕτερον, ᾧ προσηγορία Κωχὴ, μετὰ τῆς ἴσης ἀσφαλείας συγκείμενον, ὅση τε φυσικὴ καὶ ὅση χειροποίητος, τοσοῦτον ἑνούμενον, ὡς μίαν πόλιν δοκεῖν ἀμφοτέρας, τῷ ποταμῷ μέσῳ διειργομένας ταύτας: οὔτε γὰρ ἐξελεῖν οἷον τε ἦν ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ἀθρόας, ἢ πολιορκίᾳ παραστήσασθαι, οὔτε διεξελάσαι καὶ τῷ ναυτικῷ μάλιστα (κινδυνεῦσαι γὰρ ἂν ἐξ ὑπερδεξίων, ἀμφοτέρωθεν βαλλόμενον, καὶ εἰργόμενον), κατόπιν ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖται, καὶ ποιεῖται τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον. Τοῦ Εὐφράτου ποταμῶν ὄντος μεγίστου μέρος οὐκ ἐλάχιστον ἀποῤῥήξας, καὶ περιαγαγὼν, ὅσον ναυσὶν εἶναι πλόϊμον ἐκ διώρυγος (ἧς καὶ ἀρχαῖά φασιν ἴχνη φαίνεσθαι), καὶ ταύτῃ τῷ Τίγριδι συμβαλὼν μικρὸν ἔμπροσθεν, οὕτω διασώζει τὰς ναῦς ἐκ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τῷ ποταμῷ δοθείσας ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ. Ὧδε μὲν οὖν τὸν ἐκ τῶν φρουρίων τούτων διαδιδράσκει κίνδυνον. Ὡς δὲ προϊόντι Περσικὴ δύναμις παραφανεῖσα, καὶ ἀεί τις τῇ οὔσῃ προσγινομένη, κατὰ μετώπου μὲν ἵστασθαι, καὶ διακινδυνεύειν οὐκ ᾤετο δεῖν δίχα μεγάλης ἀνάγκης, ἐνὸν ἐκ περιουσίας κρατεῖν: ἐκ δὲ τῶν λόγων καὶ τῶν στενῶν ᾗ παρείκοι, βάλλουσα καὶ τοξεύουσα, καὶ τὰ καίρια τῆς διόδου προκαταλαμβάνουσα, ῥᾳδίως εἶργε τοῦ πρόσω: τηνικαῦτα ἐν ἀπορίᾳ τε ἦν ἤδη πολλῇ, καὶ οὐκ ἔχων ὅπη τράπηται λύσιν εὑρίσκει πονηρὰν τοῦ βουλεύματος.