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subsisting, but following upon others. This darkness is said to be upon the abyss, since the extremities of the air are naturally joined to the surfaces of bodies. But then water was overflowing all things. Therefore, the darkness is necessarily said to be above the abyss. 2.6 And the Spirit of God, it says, was moving over the water. Whether it means this spirit, the diffusion of the air, accept that the writer is enumerating for you the parts of the world: that God made heaven, earth, water, air, and this already poured out and flowing. Or, which is both truer and approved by those before us, the Spirit of God is said to be the Holy Spirit; because this has been kept as distinct and exceptional, to be deemed worthy of such a mention by Scripture, and that no other Spirit of God is named but the Holy Spirit, which completes the divine and blessed Trinity. And if you accept this interpretation, you will find greater benefit from it. How then was it moving over the water? I will tell you not my own word, but that of a Syrian man, as far removed from worldly wisdom as he was near to the knowledge of true things. He used to say, therefore, that the Syrian language is more expressive and, because of its proximity to the Hebrew, it somehow approaches more closely to the meaning of the Scriptures. The meaning of the saying, then, is as follows. The word, ‘Was moving,’ he says, they explain as, ‘was cherishing and giving life to the nature of the waters,’ after the likeness of a bird brooding and imparting some vital force to the things being warmed. They say that such a meaning is signified by this word, that the Spirit was moving over; that is, preparing the nature of the water for generation; so that from this it is sufficiently shown what is sought by some, that the Holy Spirit is not left out of the creative activity. 2.7 And God said, Let there be light. The first voice of God created the nature of light, made the darkness disappear, dispelled the gloom, brightened the world, and brought to all things at once a graceful and pleasing appearance. For heaven, previously covered by darkness, was revealed, and its beauty was as great as our eyes still testify today. And the air was illuminated, or rather it held the light entirely mixed in with itself, sending swift diffusions of its radiance everywhere to its own boundaries. For upwards it reached to the very aether and heaven; and in its breadth it illuminated all the parts of the world, north and south and east and west, in a swift moment of time. For such is its nature, fine and transparent, so that the light traveling through it requires no extension of time. For just as it conveys our sight timelessly to what is seen, so also it receives the rays of light instantaneously, and in a twinkling of time less than one could conceive, to all its extremities. And the aether was more pleasant after the light; and the waters were more visible, not only receiving the radiance, but also sending it back from themselves by the reflection of the light, as shimmerings flashed forth from the water on all sides. The divine voice transformed all things to the most pleasant and most precious state. For just as those who pour oil into the deep make the place bright, so the maker of all things, having spoken, at once instilled the grace of light into the world. Let there be light. And the command was a deed; and a nature came into being, than which it is not possible for human reasoning to conceive anything more delightful for enjoyment. But when we speak of a voice, and a word, and a command of God, we do not mean a sound emitted by vocal organs, nor air shaped by the tongue, but we understand the divine Word, the impulse of His will, which we think is formed in the manner of a command for the sake of being easily understood by those being taught. And God saw the light, that it was good. What praise worthy of the light could we speak, which has already received the testimony from its creator that it is good? And for us, the word by the eyes

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ὑφεστηκὸς, ἀλλ' ἐπακολουθῆσαν ἑτέροις. Τοῦτο δὴ τὸ σκότος καὶ ἐπιβαίνειν λέγεται τῇ ἀβύσσῳ, ἐπειδὴ τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἀέρος πέφυκε ταῖς ἐπιφανείαις τῶν σωμάτων συνάπτεσθαι. Τότε δὲ ὕδωρ ἦν τοῖς πᾶσιν ἐπιπο λάζον. ∆ιόπερ ἀναγκαίως τὸ σκότος ἐπάνω ὑπάρχειν εἴρηται τῆς ἀβύσσου. 2.6 Καὶ Πνεῦμα Θεοῦ, φησὶν, ἐπεφέρετο ἐπάνω τοῦ ὕδατος. Εἴτε τοῦτο λέγει τὸ πνεῦμα, τοῦ ἀέρος τὴν χύσιν, δέξαι τὰ μέρη τοῦ κόσμου καταριθμοῦντά σοι τὸν συγγρα φέα, ὅτι ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς οὐρανὸν, γῆν, ὕδωρ, ἀέρα, καὶ τοῦτον χεόμενον ἤδη καὶ ῥέοντα. Εἴτε, ὃ καὶ μᾶλλον ἀληθέστερόν ἐστι καὶ τοῖς πρὸ ἡμῶν ἐγκριθὲν, Πνεῦμα Θεοῦ, τὸ ἅγιον εἴρηται· διὰ τὸ τετηρῆσθαι τοῦτο ἰδιαζόντως καὶ ἐξαιρέτως τῆς τοιαύτης μνήμης ὑπὸ τῆς Γραφῆς ἀξιοῦ σθαι, καὶ μηδὲν ἄλλο Πνεῦμα Θεοῦ, ἢ τὸ ἅγιον τὸ τῆς θείας καὶ μακαρίας Τριάδος συμπληρωτικὸν ὀνομάζεσθαι. Καὶ ταύτην προσδεξάμενος τὴν διάνοιαν, μείζονα τὴν ἀπ' αὐτῆς ὠφέλειαν εὑρήσεις. Πῶς οὖν ἐπεφέρετο τοῦτο ἐπάνω τοῦ ὕδατος; Ἐρῶ σοι οὐκ ἐμαυτοῦ λόγον, ἀλλὰ Σύρου ἀνδρὸς σοφίας κοσμικῆς τοσοῦτον ἀφεστηκότος, ὅσον ἐγγὺς ἦν τῆς τῶν ἀληθινῶν ἐπιστήμης. Ἔλεγε τοίνυν τὴν τῶν Σύρων φωνὴν ἐμφατικωτέραν τε εἶναι, καὶ διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὴν Ἑβραΐδα γειτνίασιν, μᾶλλόν πως τῇ ἐννοίᾳ τῶν Γραφῶν προσεγγίζειν. Εἶναι οὖν τὴν διάνοιαν τοῦ ῥητοῦ τοιαύτην. Τὸ, Ἐπεφέρετο, φησὶν, ἐξηγοῦνται, ἀντὶ τοῦ, συνέθαλπε, καὶ ἐζωογόνει τὴν τῶν ὑδάτων φύσιν, κατὰ τὴν εἰκόνα τῆς ἐπωαζούσης ὄρνιθος, καὶ ζωτικήν τινα δύναμιν ἐνιείσης τοῖς ὑποθαλπομένοις. Τοιοῦτόν τινά φασιν ὑπὸ τῆς φωνῆς ταύτης παραδηλοῦσθαι τὸν νοῦν, ὡς ἐπιφερομένου τοῦ Πνεύματος· τουτέστι, πρὸς ζωογονίαν τὴν τοῦ ὕδατος φύσιν παρασκευάζοντος· ὥστε ἱκανῶς ἐκ τούτου τὸ παρά τινων ἐπιζητούμενον δείκνυσθαι, ὅτι οὐδὲ τῆς δημιουργικῆς ἐνεργείας τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἀπολείπεται. 2.7 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, γενηθήτω φῶς. Πρώτη φωνὴ Θεοῦ φωτὸς φύσιν ἐδημιούργησε, τὸ σκότος ἠφάνισε, τὴν κατή φειαν διέλυσε, τὸν κόσμον ἐφαίδρυνε, πᾶσιν ἀθρόως χαρίεσσαν ὄψιν καὶ ἡδεῖαν ἐπήγαγεν. Οὐρανός τε γὰρ ἐξεφάνη κεκαλυμ μένος τέως τῷ σκότῳ, καὶ τὸ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ κάλλος τοσοῦτον, ὅσον ἔτι καὶ νῦν ὀφθαλμοὶ μαρτυροῦσι. Περιελάμπετο δὲ ἀὴρ, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐγκεκραμένον ἑαυτῷ ὅλον διόλου εἶχε τὸ φῶς, ὀξείας τὰς διαδόσεις τῆς αὐγῆς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅρια ἑαυτοῦ πανταχοῦ παραπέμπων. Ἄνω μὲν γὰρ μέχρι πρὸς αὐτὸν αἰθέρα καὶ οὐρανὸν ἔφθανεν· ἐν δὲ τῷ πλάτει πάντα τὰ μέρη τοῦ κόσμου, βόρειά τε καὶ νότια καὶ τὰ ἑῷα καὶ τὰ ἑσπέρια, ἐν ὀξείᾳ καιροῦ ῥοπῇ κατεφώτιζε. Τοιαύτη γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἡ φύσις, λεπτὴ καὶ διαφανὴς, ὥστε μηδεμιᾶς παρα τάσεως χρονικῆς προσδεῖσθαι τὸ φῶς δι' αὐτοῦ πορευόμενον. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὰς ὄψεις ἡμῶν ἀχρόνως παραπέμπει πρὸς τὰ ὁρώμενα, οὕτω καὶ τὰς τοῦ φωτὸς προσβολὰς ἀκαριαίως, καὶ ὡς οὐδ' ἂν ἐπινοήσειέ τις ἐλάττονα χρόνου ῥοπὴν, ἐπὶ πάντα ἑαυτοῦ τὰ πέρατα ὑποδέχεται. Καὶ αἰθὴρ ἡδίων μετὰ τὸ φῶς· καὶ ὕδατα φανότερα, οὐ μόνον δεχόμενα τὴν αὐγὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρ' ἑαυτῶν ἀντιπέμποντα κατὰ τὴν ἀνάκλασιν τοῦ φωτὸς, μαρμαρυγῶν πανταχόθεν ἀποπαλ λομένων τοῦ ὕδατος. Πάντα ἡ θεία φωνὴ πρὸς τὸ ἥδιστον καὶ τιμιώτατον μετεσκεύασεν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ ἐν τῷ βυθῷ ἐνιέντες τὸ ἔλαιον, καταφάνειαν ἐμποιοῦσι τῷ τόπῳ· οὕτως ὁ ποιητὴς τῶν ὅλων ἐμφθεγξάμενος, τῷ κόσμῳ τὴν τοῦ φωτὸς χάριν ἀθρόως ἐνέθηκε. Γενηθήτω φῶς. Καὶ τὸ πρόσταγμα ἔργον ἦν· καὶ φύσις ἐγένετο, ἧς οὐδὲ ἐπινοῆσαί τι τερπνότερον εἰς ἀπόλαυσιν δυνατόν ἐστι λογισμοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις. Ὅταν δὲ φωνὴν ἐπὶ Θεοῦ καὶ ῥῆμα καὶ πρόσταγμα λέγωμεν, οὐ διὰ φωνητικῶν ὀργάνων ἐκπεμπόμενον ψόφον, οὐδὲ ἀέρα διὰ γλώσσης τυπούμενον, τὸν θεῖον λόγον νοοῦμεν, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ θελήματι ῥοπὴν διὰ τὸ τοῖς διδασκομένοις εὐσύνοπτον ἡγούμεθα ἐν εἴδει προστάγματος σχηματίζεσθαι. Καὶ εἶδεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸ φῶς ὅτι καλόν. Τίνα ἂν εἴποιμεν ἡμεῖς τοῦ φωτὸς ἄξιον ἔπαινον, ὃ προλαβὸν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ κτίσαντος μαρτυρίαν, ἔχει ὅτι καλόν; Καὶ παρ' ἡμῖν δὲ ὁ λόγος τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς παρα