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Of Licinius and Constantius the blessed who reigned with his own children for thirty-two years and left his three children reigning, Constans and Constantine, and Constantius. And after the 32 years of Constantine, of his children who succeeded him, Constans and Constantine and Constantius and Julian and Jovian and Valentinian the Great and Valens his brother and Gratian son of Valentinian and Valentinian the Younger son of Valentinian brother of Gratian and Theodosius the most God-loving emperor and Arcadius his son and Honorius the most illustrious son of Theodosius, until the present consulship of Arcadius Augustus for the second time and Rufinus, the years, as I said before, are 47. And in the consulship of Arcadius Augustus and Rufinus, Valentinian the Younger, son of Valentinian the Great, died, found suddenly in the palace of Tiberias, as the story goes, strangled on the Ides of May, one day before Pentecost, on a Saturday. And on the very day of Pentecost he was carried out for burial. It was then, according to the Egyptians, the twenty-first of the month Pachon, and according to the Greeks the twenty-third of Artemisios, and according to the Romans the seventeenth day before the Kalends of June. Thus far, most noble friend, being content with all that has been said before, we have set forth the subject of the interpreters. Then, next, to the remaining questions of which we have spoken, according to our promises, with your prayers, man of God, let us apply our mind to declare concerning the weights and measures and numbers in the divine scriptures, whence each is named and for what reason it is so called and from where it has taken the occasion of its name and what is the quality and the weight and the capacity of each of these. A measure is a koros. And it is found in the Gospel according to Luke, where the Savior praises the prudent steward who, for the debtors, instead of so many koroi, wrote so many in their own bills, and instead of so many badoi of oil, made so many. For the following are names of measures: lethek, gomor, bados, saton, modios, kabos, choinix, oiphei of fine flour, drax of meal, artabē, three measures of fine flour, three kana of groats, nebel of wine, kollathon, alabastron of myrrh, kampsakēs of water, kotylē of oil, kyathos, metrētēs of wine, metrētēs of oil, tryblion, xestēs, amphoreus, aporryma, saphitha, hin, chous, a golden stamnos, in which the manna was laid up, marēs, kypros, kongiarion. † The koros is taken from the Hebrew dialect, which is called chor. And it is 30 modioi. And chor is so called from the notion of a mound; for charia is called a mound. For the thirty modioi, when heaped up, make a camel's load. And lethek, as is said in Hosea the prophet, that “I hired for myself a lethek of barley”—but in other copies «a gomor of barley»—is indeed the same, for these signify fifteen modioi. And it is called lethek according to the language of the Hebrews, which is a “lifting up,” from the ability of a young man to lift up the fifteen modioi and place them on a donkey. And the same fifteen modioi is also called the great gomor, which in Hebrew is called gomor. For there is also a small gomor. And there are two gomors, a great and a small; of which the great is equal in measure to the lethek, being itself also fifteen modioi, and the small, 12 badoi. This also is derived from the Hebrew dialect, being called bith, synonymously with the oil-press. For badon is interpreted as oil-press. And it is fifty xestai. And the measure is of the work of the oil-presser. The mnasison or medimnos, I think, were derived from the Roman tongue; for “medium” is interpreted as “middle” in this language. The mnasison, then, is measured among the Cypriots and among other nations. And there are twenty modioi of wheat or barley to the modios of seventeen xestai among the Cypriots. But the medimnos among the Cypriots themselves is different; for the Salaminians, or rather the Constantians, from five

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Λικινίου καὶ Κωνσταντίου τοῦ μακαρίτου βασιλεύσαντος μετὰ τῶν ἰδίων παίδων ἐπὶ λʹ καὶ δυσὶ ἔτεσι καὶ καταλείψαντος τοὺς τρεῖς παῖδας βασιλεύοντας Κώνσταντα καὶ Κωνσταντῖνον καὶ Κωνστάντιον. Μετὰ δὲ τὰ λβʹ Κωνσταντίνου τὰ ἔτη τῶν αὐτὸν διαδεξαμένων παίδων Κώνσταντος καὶ Κωνσταντίνου καὶ Κωνσταντίου καὶ Ἰουλιανοῦ καὶ Ἰουϊανοῦ καὶ Οὐαλεντινιανοῦ τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ Οὐάλεντος ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ Γρατιανοῦ υἱοῦ Οὐαλεντινιανοῦ καὶ Οὐαλεντινιανοῦ νεωτέρου υἱοῦ Οὐαλεντινιανοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Γρατιανοῦ καὶ Θεοδοσίου τοῦ θεοφιλεστάτου βασιλέως καὶ Ἀρκαδίου τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ Ὀνωρίου ἐπιφανεστάτου υἱοῦ Θεοδοσίου, ἕως τῆς νῦν ὑπατείας Ἀρκαδίου Αὐγούστου τὸ δεύτερον καὶ Ῥουφίνου τὰ ἔτη, ὡς προεῖπον, ὑπάρχει μζʹ. Ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἀρκαδίου Αὐγούστου καὶ Ῥουφίνου ὑπάτου ἐτελεύτησεν Οὐαλεντινιανὸς ὁ νεώτερος, υἱὸς Οὐαλεντινιανοῦ τοῦ μεγάλου, εὑρεθεὶς ἄφνω ἐν τῷ παλατίῳ Τιβέρεως ὡς λόγος πεπνιγμένος ἐν εἰδοῖς Μαΐαις, πρὸ μιᾶς ἡμέρας τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς, ἐν ἡμέρᾳ Σαββάτου. Αὐτῇ δὲ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς ἐξεκομίσθη. Ἦν δὲ κατ' Αἰγυπτίους τότε μηνὸς Παχὼν μία καὶ εἰκάς, κατὰ δὲ Ἕλληνας Ἀρτεμισίου τρίτη καὶ εἰκάς, κατὰ Ῥωμαίους δὲ πρὸ δέκα ἑπτὰ καλανδῶν Ἰουνίων. Ἕως ἐνταῦθα, φιλοκαλώτατε, ἀρκεσθέντες τοῖς προειρημένοις ἅπασι τὴν τῶν ἑρμηνευτῶν ὑπόθεσιν ἐδηλώσαμεν. Εἶθ' ἑξῆς εἰς τὰ ἐπίλοιπα ὧν προειρήκαμεν ζητημάτων κατὰ τὰς ὑποσχέσεις, σαῖς εὐχαῖς, ἄνθρωπε τοῦ Θεοῦ, τὸν νοῦν ἐπιδῶμεν περὶ τῶν ἐν ταῖς θείαις γραφαῖς σταθμῶν τε καὶ μέτρων καὶ ἀριθμῶν δηλώσοντες, πόθεν ἕκαστον ὠνόμασται καὶ τίνος ἕνεκα οὕτω κέκληται καὶ πόθεν τὴν πρόφασιν τῆς ὀνομασίας εἴληφε καὶ τίς ἑκάστου τούτων ἡ ποιότης καὶ ἡ ὁλκὴ καὶ ἡ δύναμις. Μέτρον ἐστὶ κόρος. Κεῖται δὲ ἐν τῷ κατὰ Λουκᾶν Εὐαγγελίῳ, ὅθεν ὁ Σωτὴρ ἐπαινεῖ τὸν φρόνιμον οἰκονόμον τὸν τοῖς χρεωφειλέταις ἀντὶ κόρων τοσούτων ἐν τοῖς σφῶν αὐτῶν χειρογράφοις τοσούτους μεταγραψάμενον, ἀντὶ δὲ τοσούτων βάδων ἐλαίου τοσούτους ποιήσαντα. Ὀνόματα γάρ εἰσι μέτρων τάδε, λεθέκ, γομόρ, βάδος, σάτον, μόδιος, κάβος, χοῖνιξ, οἰφεὶ σεμιδάλεως, δρὰξ ἀλεύρου, ἀρτάβη, τρία μέτρα σεμιδάλεως, τρία κανᾶ χονδριτῶν, νέβελ οἴνου, κόλλαθον, ἀλάβαστρον μύρου, καμψάκης ὕδατος, κοτύλη ἐλαίου, κύαθος, μετρητὴς οἴνου, μετρητὴς ἐλαίου, τρυβλίον, ξέστης, ἀμφορεύς, ἀπόρρυμα, σαφιθά, ἴν, χοῦς, στάμνος χρυσῆ, ἐν ᾗ ἀπέκειτο τὸ μάννα, μάρης, κύπρος, κογγιάριον. † Ὁ κόρος εἴληπται ἀπὸ τῆς ἑβραϊκῆς διαλέκτου, ὃς καλεῖται χόρ. Εἰσὶ δὲ μόδιοι λʹ. Χὸρ δὲ λέγεται ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ βουνοῦ ὑποθέσεως· χαρία γὰρ καλεῖται βουνός. Βουνισθέντες γὰρ οἱ τριάκοντα μόδιοι ποιοῦσι φορτίον καμήλου. Λεθὲκ δέ, ὡς ἐν τῷ Ὠσηὲ τῷ προφήτῃ εἴρηται, ὅτι ἐμισθωσάμην ἐμαυτῷ λεθὲκ κριθῶν ἐν ἀντιγράφοις δὲ «γομὸρ κριθῶν», τὸ αὐτὸ μέν ἐστι, δέκα γὰρ καὶ πέντε μόδιοι σημαίνονται οὗτοι. Λεθὲκ δὲ κατὰ τὴν τῶν Ἑβραίων φωνὴν κέκληται, ὅ ἐστιν ἔπαρμα, ἀπὸ τοῦ δύνασθαι τὸν νεανίαν ἐπάραντα τοὺς δέκα πέντε μοδίους καὶ ἐπιτεθῆναι τῷ ὄνῳ. Τὸ δ' αὐτὸ τῶν ιεʹ μοδίων καὶ γομὸρ καλεῖται τὸ μέγα, ὃ ἐκ τῆς ἑβραΐδος γομὸρ λέγεται. Ἔστι γὰρ καὶ μικρὸν γομόρ. ∆ύο δέ εἰσι γομόρ, μέγα καὶ μικρόν· ὧν τὸ μέγα ἰσόμετρόν ἐστι τῷ λεθὲκ δεκαπέντε καὶ αὐτὸ ὂν μοδίων, τὸ δὲ μικρόν, ιβʹ βάδων. Καὶ αὐτὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ἑβραϊκῆς διαλέκτου παρῆκται, συνωνύμως τῷ ἐλαιοτριβείῳ καλούμενον βίθ. Βάδον γὰρ ἑρμηνεύεται ἐλαιοτριβεῖον. Ἔστι δὲ ξεστῶν πεντήκοντα. Τὸ δὲ μέτρον ἐστὶ τῆς τοῦ ἐλαιοτρίπτου ἐργασίας. Μνασὶς ἢ μέδιμνος οἶμαι ἐκ τῆς ῥωμαϊκῆς γλώσσης παρήχθησαν· τὸ γὰρ μεδιοὺμ μέσον ἑρμηνεύεται ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ γλώσσῃ. Μνασὶς τοίνυν παρὰ Κυπρίοις μετρεῖται καὶ παρ' ἄλλοις ἔθνεσιν. Εἰσὶ δὲ εἴκοσι μόδιοι σίτου ἢ κριθῶν εἰς τὸν τῶν δέκα καὶ ἑπτὰ ξεστῶν παρὰ Κυπρίοις μόδιον. Μέδιμνος δὲ παρ' αὐτοῖς τοῖς Κυπρίοις διάφορος· τὸν γὰρ μέδιμνον Σαλαμίνιοι, εἴτ' οὖν Κωνστάντιοι, ἐκ πέντε