12

for me both of heaven and of the heavenly things. But let faith lead us more than reason, if indeed you have learned the weakness in things nearer, and have known reason to be the knowledge of things beyond reason, so that you may not be entirely earthly or of the earth, ignorant even of this very thing, your ignorance.

29 Who has led the heaven around, who has ordered the stars? Or rather, what could you say heaven and the stars were before these things, you who are aloft, ignorant of the things at your feet, and unable even to measure yourself, yet meddling in things beyond your nature, and gaping at the immeasurable? For grant that you comprehend cycles and periods and approaches and recessions, risings and settings, and certain degrees and subtleties, and all the things with which you dignify this wondrous science of yours; this is not yet a comprehension of reality, but an observation of a certain motion, which, having been confirmed by much practice, and bringing together into one the things observed by many, then having devised a system, was called science; just as the phases of the moon have become known to the many, having taken sight as the beginning of knowledge. But you, if you are exceedingly knowledgeable of these things, and justly seek to be admired, tell me, what is the cause of the order and of the motion? Whence does the sun act as a beacon to the whole inhabited world and to all eyes, like the leader of some chorus, obscuring the other stars with its brightness more than some of them obscure others? And the proof is, they shine in response, but it outshines them, and does not even allow it to be known that they rise with it, beautiful as a bridegroom, swift as a giant and great; for I cannot bear to dignify it with words other than my own; so great in power, that it seizes one end from the other with its heat, and nothing escapes its perception, but every sight is filled with light and every bodily nature with heat; warming, but not burning, with the gentleness of good temperament and the order of its motion, as if present to all, and embracing all equally.

30 And how great a thing is that to you, if you have understood: "What God is in the intelligible world, the sun is in the sensible world," said one of the outsiders. For it illuminates the sight, as He does the mind; and it is the most beautiful of visible things, as He is of intelligible things. But what moved it from the beginning? And what is it that always moves it and leads it around, fixed by reason and not moved, truly unwearying, and life-bearing, and life-producing, and all the things hymned by poets according to reason, and never ceasing either from its own course or from its benefactions? How is it the creator of day above the earth and of night beneath the earth? Or I do not know what one should say when looking at the sun. What is the addition and subtraction of these, and the equality of their inequality, to say something paradoxical? And how is it the maker and divider of the seasons, which arrive and depart in good order, and are interwoven with one another and separated as in a dance, the one by the law of friendship, the other of good order, and gradually mingling, and being stolen by proximity in the same way for days and nights, so that they may not distress by their strangeness? But let the sun go for us; but have you known the nature of the moon, and its phases, and the measures of its light, and its courses, and how the one holds dominion of the day, while the other presides over the night, and the one gives boldness to wild beasts, while the other rouses man to his work, whether rising or setting, for the most useful purpose? Have you understood the bond of the Pleiades or the enclosure of Orion, as the one who numbers the multitudes of stars and calls them all by their names, and the difference of each one's glory, and the order of their motion, so that I should trust you when through these things you weave our fates and arm creation against the Creator?

31 What do you say? Shall we stop the discourse here, with matter and visible things? Or since reason knows the tabernacle of Moses as a figure of the whole cosmos, I mean of the system composed of things visible and invisible, having passed through the first veil, and gone beyond sense, shall we peer into the holy place, the intelligible and heavenly nature? We are not able to see even this without a body, even though it is without a body,

12

ἐμοὶ καὶ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῶν οὐρανίων. πίστις δὲ ἀγέτω πλέον ἡμᾶς ἢ λόγος, εἴπερ ἔμαθες τὸ ἀσθενὲς ἐν τοῖς ἐγγυτέρω, καὶ λόγον ἔγνως τὸ γνῶναι τὰ ὑπὲρ λόγον, ἵνα μὴ παντελῶς ἐπίγειος ᾖς ἢ περίγειος, ἀγνοῶν καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο, τὴν ἄγνοιαν.

29 Τίς περιήγαγεν οὐρανόν, ἔταξεν ἀστέρας; μᾶλλον δέ, τί πρὸ τούτων οὐρανὸς καὶ ἀστέρες ἔχοις ἂν εἰπεῖν, ὁ μετέωρος, ὁ τὰ ἐν ποσὶν ἀγνοῶν, καὶ οὐδὲ σεαυτὸν μετρῆσαι δυνάμενος, τὰ δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν σὴν φύσιν πολυπραγμονῶν, καὶ κεχηνὼς εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα; ἔστω γάρ σε κύκλους καὶ περιόδους καὶ πλησιασμοὺς καὶ ἀποχωρήσεις καταλαμβάνειν, ἐπιτολὰς καὶ ἀνατολάς, καὶ μοίρας τινὰς καὶ λεπτό τητας, καὶ ὅσοις σὺ τὴν θαυμασίαν σου ταύτην ἐπιστήμην ἀποσε μνύνεις· οὔπω τοῦτο κατάληψις τῶν ὄντων ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ κινήσεώς τινος ἐπιτήρησις, ἣ πλείονι γυμνασίᾳ βεβαιωθεῖσα, καὶ εἰς ἓν ἀγαγοῦσα τὰ τηρηθέντα πλείοσιν, εἶτα λόγον ἐπινοήσασα, ἐπιστήμη προσηγορεύθη· ὥσπερ τὰ περὶ σελήνην παθήματα γνώριμα γέγονε τοῖς πολλοῖς, τὴν ὄψιν ἀρχὴν λαβόντα τῆς γνώσεως. σὺ δέ, εἰ λίαν ἐπιστήμων εἶ τούτων, καὶ δικαίως ζητεῖς θαυμάζεσθαι, εἰπὲ τίς ἡ τῆς τάξεως αἰτία καὶ τῆς κινήσεως; πόθεν ἥλιος φρυκτωρεῖ πάσῃ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ καὶ πάσαις ὄψεσιν, ὥσπερ χοροῦ τινὸς κορυφαῖος, πλέον τοὺς ἄλλους ἀστέρας ἀποκρύπτων φαιδρότητι ἤ τινες ἐκείνων ἑτέρους; ἀπόδειξις δέ, οἱ μὲν ἀντιλάμπουσιν, ὁ δὲ ὑπερλάμπει, καὶ οὐδὲ ὅτι συνανίσχουσιν ἐᾷ γνωρίζεσθαι, καλὸς ὡς νυμφίος, ταχὺς ὡς γίγας καὶ μέγας· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀνέχομαι ἄλλοθεν ἢ τοῖς ἐμοῖς τοῦτον ἀποσεμνύνειν· τοσοῦτος τὴν δύναμιν, ὥστε ἀπ' ἄλλων ἄκρων ἄλλα τῇ θερμότητι καταλαμβάνειν, καὶ μηδὲν διαφεύγειν αὐτοῦ τὴν αἴσθησιν, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν πληροῦσθαι καὶ ὄψιν φωτὸς καὶ σωματικὴν φύσιν θερμότητος· θέροντος, ἀλλ' οὐ φλέγοντος, εὐκρασίας ἡμερότητι καὶ τάξει κινήσεως, ὡς πᾶσι παρόντος, καὶ πάντα ἐπίσης περιλαμβάνοντος.

30 Ἐκεῖνο δέ σοι πηλίκον, εἰ κατενόησας· Τοῦτο ἐν αἰσθητοῖς ἥλιος, ὅπερ ἐν νοητοῖς θεός, ἔφη τις τῶν ἀλλοτρίων. αὐτὸς γὰρ ὄψιν φωτίζων, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνος νοῦν· αὐτὸς καὶ τῶν ὁρωμένων ἐστὶ τὸ κάλλιστον, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνος τῶν νοουμένων. ἀλλὰ τί τὸ κινῆσαν αὐτὸν ἀπ' ἀρχῆς; τί δαὶ τὸ ἀεὶ κινοῦν καὶ περιάγον ἑστῶτα λόγῳ καὶ μὴ κινούμενον, ὄντως ἀκάμαντα, καὶ φερέσβιον, καὶ φυσίζωον, καὶ ὅσα ποιηταῖς ὕμνηται κατὰ λόγον, καὶ μήτε τῆς ἑαυτοῦ φορᾶς ποτὲ μήτε τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν ἱστάμενον; πῶς ἡμέρας δημιουργὸς ὑπὲρ γῆς καὶ νυκτὸς ὑπὸ γῆν; ἢ οὐκ οἶδ' ὅ τι χρὴ λέγειν ἡλίῳ προσβλέψαντα. τίς ἡ τούτων πρόσληψίς τε καὶ ἀνθυφαίρεσις, καὶ ἡ τῆς ἀνισότητος ἰσότης, ἵν' εἴπω τι καὶ παράδοξον; πῶς δὲ ὡρῶν ποιητής τε καὶ μεριστής, εὐτάκτως ἐπιγινομένων τε καὶ ἀπογινομένων, καὶ ὥσπερ ἐν χορῷ συμπλεκομένων ἀλλήλαις καὶ διισταμένων, τὸ μὲν φιλίας νόμῳ, τὸ δὲ εὐταξίας, καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν κιρναμένων, καὶ ταῖς ἐγγύτησι κλεπτομένων ταὐτὸν ἡμέραις τε καὶ νυξίν, ἵνα μὴ τῇ ἀηθείᾳ λυπήσωσιν; ἀλλ' ἴτω μὲν ἡμῖν ἥλιος· σὺ δὲ ἔγνως σελήνης φύσιν, καὶ πάθη, καὶ μέτρα φωτός, καὶ δρόμους, καὶ πῶς ὁ μὲν ἡμέρας ἔχει τὴν δυναστείαν, ἡ δὲ νυκτὸς προκαθέζεται, καὶ ἡ μὲν θηρίοις δίδωσι παρρησίαν, ὁ δὲ ἄνθρωπον ἐπὶ τὸ ἔργον ἀνίστησιν, ἢ ὑψούμενος ἢ ταπεινούμενος πρὸς τὸ χρησιμώτατον; συνῆκας δὲ δεσμὸν Πλειάδος ἢ φραγμὸν Ὠρίωνος, ὡς ὁ ἀριθμῶν πλήθη ἄστρων καὶ πᾶσιν αὐτοῖς ὀνόματα καλῶν, καὶ δόξης ἑκάστου διαφοράν, καὶ τάξιν κινήσεως, ἵνα σοι πιστεύσω διὰ τούτων πλέκοντι τὰ ἡμέτερα καὶ κατὰ τοῦ κτίστου τὴν κτίσιν ὁπλίζοντι;

31 Τί λέγεις; ἐνταῦθα στησόμεθα τοῦ λόγου μέχρι τῆς ὕλης καὶ τῶν ὁρωμένων; ἢ ἐπειδὴ τοῦ κόσμου παντὸς ἀντίτυπον τὴν Μωυσέως σκηνὴν οἶδεν ὁ λόγος, τοῦ ἐξ ὁρατῶν τε καὶ ἀοράτων λέγω συστήματος, τὸ πρῶτον καταπέτασμα διασχόντες, καὶ ὑπερβάντες τὴν αἴσθησιν, εἰς τὰ ἅγια παρακύψωμεν, τὴν νοητὴν φύσιν καὶ ἐπουράνιον; οὐκ ἔχομεν οὐδὲ ταύτην ἀσωμάτως ἰδεῖν, εἰ καὶ ἀσώματος,