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representative; but "You are my Son" declares nothing other than that He is from Him. And just as "being" is spoken of from the present time, for this is most fitting for Him, so also "Today," it seems to me, is here said with reference to the flesh. For when He takes hold of it, He then utters all things without fear. For the flesh also partakes of the high things, just as the divinity partakes of the lowly things. For God, not disdaining to become man, and not refusing the reality, how would He have refused the words? 4. Knowing these things, therefore, let us be ashamed of nothing, let us not be high-minded. For if He Himself, being God and Master and Son of God, did not refuse to take the form of a servant, much more ought we to do all things, even if they are lowly. For from where, tell me, O man, are you high-minded? From worldly things? But these pass away before they appear. But from spiritual things? But this is one spiritual achievement, not to be high-minded. Why then are you high-minded? Because you succeed? Hear Christ saying: "When you have done all things, say, 'We are unprofitable servants; for we have done what we were obliged to do.'" But are you high-minded because of wealth? Why, tell me? Have you not heard that we entered into life naked, and naked we shall depart? Or rather, do you not see those before you who departed destitute and naked? Who, having what belongs to another, is high-minded? For those who wish to use them for their own enjoyment alone, have them taken away even unwillingly, and often before their end, but certainly at their end. But "while we are alive," one says, "we use them as we wish." In fact, one would not quickly see anyone using his possessions as he wishes; but even if someone does use them as he wishes, not even this is a great thing; for the present time is short compared to the unending ages. Are you high-minded, O man, because you are rich? For what reason? For this also belongs to robbers and thieves and murderers and the effeminate and fornicators and all the wicked. Why then are you high-minded? For if you have used it for a right purpose, you ought not to be high-minded, lest you corrupt the commandment; but if not for a right purpose, for this reason especially you must be humbled, because you have become a slave of your money and possessions and are ruled by them. For tell me, if someone with a fever should drink a great deal of water, which for a short time quenches his thirst, but later ignites the flame, ought he to be high-minded? What then, if someone has many cares in vain, ought he for this reason to be high-minded? Why, tell me? Because you have many masters? Because you have countless anxieties? Because many flatter you? But this is to be a slave. And that you may learn that you are a slave to them, listen clearly: the other passions in us are in some cases useful, for example, anger is often useful. For, he says, "unrighteous anger will not be justified"; so it is possible to be angry righteously. And again, "Whoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of Gehenna." Again, zeal is a good thing, and desire, the latter when it is for begetting children, the former when it has imitation of good things. Just as Paul also says: "But it is good to be zealous in a good thing always"; and again, "Be zealous for the better gifts." So both are useful. Arrogance, however, is nowhere a good thing, but everywhere useless and harm 63.26 ful. But if one must be high-minded, it must be over poverty, not over wealth. Why? Because he who is able to live on little is much greater and better than he who is not. For tell me, if some people were called to a royal city, and some of them needed neither beasts of burden, nor servants, nor parasols, nor lodgings, nor shoes, nor baggage, but it was enough for them to have only bread, and to take water from the springs; but others were to say, "Unless you also give us carriages and soft bedding, we cannot come, unless we also have many followers, unless it is possible to rest continually, we cannot, unless we use beasts of burden, and travel a small part of the day; and we need many other things besides;" whom would we admire? The former, or the latter? Clearly, those who need nothing. So also here, some need many things for the journey of this life, but others need nothing. So that those in poverty ought rather to be high-minded

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παραστατικόν· τὸ δὲ, Υἱός μου εἶ σὺ, οὐδὲν ἕτερον δηλοῖ, ἢ ὅτι ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν. Ὥσπερ δὲ ὢν λέγεται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος καιροῦ· οὗτος γὰρ μάλιστα ἁρμόζει αὐτῷ· οὕτω καὶ τὸ, Σήμερον, ἐνταῦθά μοι δοκεῖ εἰς τὴν σάρκα εἰρῆσθαι. Ὅταν γὰρ αὐτῆς ἐπιλάβηται, πάντα λοιπὸν ἀδεῶς φθέγγεται. Καὶ γὰρ ἡ σὰρξ κοινωνεῖ τῶν ὑψηλῶν, ὡσπεροῦν καὶ ἡ θεότης τῶν ταπεινῶν. Ὁ Θεὸς γὰρ ἄνθρωπος γενέσθαι μὴ ἀπαξιώσας, καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα μὴ παραιτησάμενος, πῶς ἂν τὰ ῥήματα παρῃτήσατο; δʹ. Ταῦτ' οὖν εἰδότες, μηδὲν ἐπαισχυνώμεθα, μὴ μέγα φρονῶμεν. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὸς Θεὸς ὢν καὶ ∆εσπότης καὶ Θεοῦ Υἱὸς, οὐ παρῃτήσατο μορφὴν δούλου λαβεῖν· πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς ἅπαντα δεῖ ποιεῖν, κἂν ταπεινὰ ᾖ. Πόθεν γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, ἄνθρωπε, μέγα φρονεῖς; ἀπὸ τῶν βιωτικῶν; ἀλλὰ ταῦτα πρὶν ἢ φανῆναι παρατρέχει. Ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῶν πνευματικῶν; ἀλλ' ἓν καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι κατόρθωμα πνευματικὸν, τὸ μὴ μέγα φρονεῖν. ∆ιὰ τί τοίνυν μέγα φρονεῖς; ὅτι κατορθοῖς· Ἄκουσον τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος· Ὅταν ποιήσητε πάντα, λέγετε ὅτι Ἀχρεῖοι δοῦλοί ἐσμεν· ἃ γὰρ ὠφείλομεν ποιῆσαι, πεποιήκαμεν. Ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν πλοῦτον μέγα φρονεῖς; διὰ τί, εἰπέ μοι; οὐκ ἤκουσας ὅτι γυμνοὶ εἰσήλθομεν εἰς τὸν βίον, γυμνοὶ καὶ ἀπελευσόμεθα; μᾶλλον δὲ, οὐχ ὁρᾷς τοὺς πρὸ σοῦ ἐρήμους καὶ γυμνοὺς ἀπελθόντας; Τίς τὰ ἀλλότρια ἔχων μέγα φρονεῖ; Οἱ γὰρ βουλόμενοι αὐτοῖς χρῆσθαι εἰς οἰκείαν μόνην ἀπόλαυσιν, ἀφαιροῦνται αὐτὰ καὶ ἄκοντες, καὶ πρὸ μὲν τῆς τελευτῆς πολλάκις, ἐν δὲ τῇ τελευτῇ πάντως. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς ζῶντες αὐτοῖς, φησὶν, ὡς βουλόμεθα, χρώμεθα. Μάλιστα μὲν οὐδένα ἄν τις ἴδοι ταχέως, ὡς βούλεται, τοῖς οὖσι χρώμενον· εἰ δέ τις καὶ χρῷτο ὡς βούλεται, οὐδὲ τοῦτο μέγα· βραχὺς γὰρ ὁ παρὼν καιρὸς πρὸς τοὺς αἰῶνας τοὺς ἀτελευτήτους. Μέγα φρονεῖς, ἄνθρωπε, ὅτι πλουτεῖς; τίνος ἕνεκεν; τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ λῃσταῖς παραγίνεται καὶ κλέπταις καὶ ἀνδροφόνοις καὶ μαλακοῖς καὶ πόρνοις καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς πονηροῖς. ∆ιὰ τί οὖν μέγα φρονεῖς; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ εἰς δέον αὐτῷ κέχρησαι, οὐκ ὀφείλεις μέγα φρονεῖν, ἵνα μὴ λυμήνῃ τὴν ἐντολήν· εἰ δὲ οὐκ εἰς δέον, ταύτῃ μάλιστα συστέλλεσθαι δεῖ, ὅτι δοῦλος γέγονας τῶν χρημάτων καὶ κτημάτων καὶ κρατῇ ὑπ' αὐτῶν. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἴ τις πυρέττων ὕδωρ ἐκπίοι πολὺ, τὸ πρὸς βραχὺ μὲν σβεννύον τὴν δίψαν, ὕστερον δὲ ἀνάπτον τὴν φλόγα, μέγα ὀφείλει φρονεῖν; Τί δὲ, εἴ τις πλείονα φροντίζει εἰκῆ, διὰ τοῦτο ὀφείλει μέγα φρονεῖν; ∆ιὰ τί, εἰπέ μοι; ἐπειδὴ πολλοὺς ἔχεις δεσπότας; ἐπειδὴ μυρίας μερίμνας; ἐπειδὴ κολακεύουσί σε πολλοί; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο δουλεύειν ἐστί. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι δουλεύεις αὐτοῖς, ἄκουε σαφῶς· τὰ ἄλλα τῶν παθῶν τῶν ἐν ἡμῖν ἔστιν ὅπου χρήσιμά ἐστιν, οἷον ἡ ὀργὴ πολλαχοῦ χρησίμη· Θυμὸς γὰρ, φησὶν, ἄδικος οὐκ ἀθωωθήσεται· ὥστε ἔστι καὶ δικαίως θυμωθῆναι. Καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ εἰκῆ, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ γεέννῃ. Πάλιν ὁ ζῆλος καλὸν καὶ ἡ ἐπιθυμία, ἡ μὲν, ὅταν εἰς παιδοποιίαν γίνηται, ὁ δὲ, ὅταν πρὸς τὰ καλὰ τὴν μίμησιν ἔχῃ. Ὥσπερ καὶ Παῦλος λέγει· Καλὸν δὲ τὸ ζηλοῦσθαι ἐν καλῷ πάντοτε· καὶ πάλιν, Ζηλοῦτε τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ κρείττονα. Ὥστε ἀμφότερα χρήσιμα. Ἡ μέντοι ἀπόνοια οὐδαμοῦ καλὸν, ἀλλὰ πανταχοῦ ἄχρηστον καὶ βλαβε 63.26 ρόν. Πλὴν εἰ δεῖ μέγα φρονεῖν, ἐπὶ πενίᾳ, οὐκ ἐπὶ πλούτῳ δεῖ. ∆ιὰ τί; Ὅτι ὁ ἐν ὀλίγοις ζῇν δυνάμενος, τοῦ μὴ δυναμένου πολλῷ μείζων καὶ κρείττων ἐστίν. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἰ κληθέντων εἰς βασιλικὴν πόλιν τινῶν, οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν μήτε ὑποζυγίων δέοιντο, μήτε οἰκετῶν, μήτε σκιαδίων, μήτε καταγωγίων, μήτε ὑποδημάτων, μήτε σκευῶν, ἀλλ' ἀπόχρη αὐτοῖς ἄρτον μόνον ἔχειν, καὶ ὕδωρ ἐκ τῶν πηγῶν λαμβάνειν· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ λέγοιεν, ὅτι Ἐὰν μὴ καὶ ὀχήματα δῶτε καὶ στρωμνὴν ἁπαλὴν, οὐ δυνάμεθα παραγενέσθαι, ἐὰν μὴ καὶ πολλοὺς ἔχωμεν τοὺς ἀκολουθοῦντας, ἐὰν μὴ συνεχῶς ἐξῇ διαναπαύεσθαι, οὐ δυνάμεθα, ἐὰν μὴ ὑποζυγίοις χρώμεθα, καὶ μικρὸν ὁδεύωμεν τῆς ἡμέρας μέρος· δεῖ δὲ ἡμῖν καὶ ἑτέρων πλειόνων· τίνας ἂν θαυμάσαιμεν; ἐκείνους, ἢ τούτους; ∆ῆλον ὅτι τούτους τοὺς οὐδενὸς δεομένους. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, οἱ μὲν πρὸς τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ βίου τούτου πολλῶν δέονται, οἱ δὲ οὐδενός. Ὥστε τοὺς ἐπὶ πενίᾳ μᾶλλον ἐχρῆν μέγα