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will receive a reward, but will also be liable to punishments and chastisement. But those from love, knowing that I am set for the defense of the Gospel. What is, That I am set for the defense of the Gospel? That is, cutting short for me my accounts to God, and helping me somewhat in my defense. What he says is this: I was commanded to preach; I am about to give an account, and to make a defense for the work which I was commanded; so therefore, that my defense may be easy, they help me. For if many who have been catechized are found to have believed, my defense will be easy. What then? only that in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed. See the philosophic mind of the man; he did not accuse them vehemently, but stated what was happening. For what, he says, does it matter to me, whether in this way or in that? only that in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed. He did not say, Let Him be proclaimed, as legislating, but first he reported what was happening, and second, even if he were speaking as a legislator, not even so would he have introduced heresies. 3. For let us examine the matter, if you please, and we shall find that, even if he had permitted them to preach as they did, not even so would a heresy have been introduced. How? Because they preached soundly, but the purpose and the intent with which they did so were corrupt, not that the preaching was changed. And they were under great necessity to preach in this way. Why? Because if they had preached differently, not as Paul, if they had taught differently, not as he, they would not have increased the emperor's wrath; but now by increasing his preaching and teaching in the same way, and making disciples equal to his, they were able to make the emperor hostile, since the great multitude of the disciples was becoming apparent. But some polluted and senseless person, taking hold of this passage, says: And yet they would have done the opposite, they would have driven away those who had already believed, not caused the faithful to increase, if indeed they wished to vex him. What then shall we say? That they looked to this one thing, to surround him with present dangers, not to let him escape; and by this they thought to grieve him more, and to quench the preaching, than by the other way. For in the other way they would have both quenched the emperor's wrath, and would have let him go out and preach again; but this way they thought to destroy the whole thing through him, by destroying him. And this was not something for the many to perceive, but for certain bitter and exceedingly wicked people. Then, And in this, he says, I rejoice, but I will rejoice also. What is, But I will rejoice? Even if it should increase, he says. For they cooperate with me even unwillingly, 62.194 and for what they have labored, they will receive punishment, but I, who contributed nothing, will receive a reward. Is there anything more polluted than the devil, who contrived that the proclamation should cause punishment for those who obey it? Do you see with how many evils he pierces his own? He contrives punishment and chastisement for them from this preaching and these labors. And what other enemy and foe of their salvation would have arranged the whole thing so? Do you see that he who wars against the truth avails nothing, but rather strikes himself, like one kicking against the goads? For I know, he says, that this will turn out for my salvation through your prayer and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ. Nothing is more polluted than the devil; so everywhere he surrounds his own with useless labors, and tears them apart; and not only does he not allow them to obtain the prizes, but he also knows how to make them liable to punishment. For not only preaching, but also such fasting and virginity he legislates for them, which will not only deprive them of rewards, but will also bring great evil upon those who pursue it; concerning whom he says also elsewhere: Having their own conscience seared. Therefore I entreat, let us give thanks to God for all things, that to us also the

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λήψονται μισθὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τιμωρίας ἔσονται ὑπεύθυνοι καὶ κολάσεως. Οἱ δὲ ἐξ ἀγάπης, εἰδότες ὅτι εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι. Τί ἐστιν, Ὅτι εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι; Τουτέστι, τὰς εὐθύνας μοι ὑποτέμνοντες τὰς πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ συναντιλαμβανόμενοί τι εἰς ἀπολογίαν. Ὃ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστι· Προσετάγην κηρῦξαι· μέλλω διδόναι εὐθύνας, καὶ ἀπολογεῖσθαι ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἔργου, οὗ προσετάγην· ὥστε οὖν μοι τὴν ἀπολογίαν γενέσθαι εὔκολον, συναντιλαμβάνονταί μοι. Ἐὰν γὰρ εὑρεθῶσι πολλοὶ οἱ κατηχηθέντες πιστεύσαντες, εὔκολός μοι ἡ ἀπολογία ἔσται. Τί γάρ; πλὴν παντὶ τρόπῳ, εἴτε προφάσει, εἴτε ἀληθείᾳ Χριστὸς καταγγέλλεται. Ὅρα τὸ φιλόσοφον τοῦ ἀνδρός· οὐ σφόδρα αὐτῶν κατηγόρησεν, ἀλλ' εἶπε τὸ γινόμενον. Τί γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐμοὶ διαφέρει, ἄν τε οὕτως, ἄν τε ἐκείνως; πλὴν παντὶ τρόπῳ, εἴτε προφάσει, εἴτε ἀληθείᾳ Χριστὸς καταγγέλλεται. Οὐκ εἶπε, Καταγγελλέσθω, νομοθετῶν, ἀλλὰ πρῶτον μὲν τὸ συμβαῖνον ἀπήγγειλε, δεύτερον δὲ, εἰ καὶ νομοθετῶν ἔλεγεν, οὐδὲ οὕτω τὰς αἱρέσεις εἰσῆγεν. γʹ. Ἐξετάσωμεν γὰρ, εἰ δοκεῖ, τὸ πρᾶγμα, καὶ εὑρήσομεν, ὅτι, εἰ καὶ οὕτως ἐπέτρεπε κηρύττειν, ὡς ἐκεῖνοι, οὐδὲ οὕτως εἰσήγετο αἵρεσις. Πῶς; Ὅτι ἐκεῖνοι ὑγιῶς μὲν ἐκήρυττον, ὁ σκοπὸς δὲ καὶ ἡ διάνοια, μεθ' ἧς ἐποίουν οὕτω, διέφθαρτο, οὐ τὸ κήρυγμα ἐνήλλακτο. Καὶ πολλὴν εἶχον ἀνάγκην οὕτω κηρύττειν. ∆ιὰ τί; Ὅτι εἰ ἑτέρως ἐκήρυξαν, οὐχ ὡς Παῦλος, εἰ ἑτέρως ἐδίδαξαν, οὐχ ὡς ἐκεῖνος, οὐκ ἂν τὴν τοῦ βασιλέως ὀργὴν ηὔξησαν· νῦν δὲ τῷ τὸ κήρυγμα αὐτοῦ αὔξειν καὶ ὁμοίως διδάσκειν, καὶ ἴσους αὐτῷ μαθητὰς ποιεῖν, ἴσχυσαν ἐκπολεμῶσαι τὸν βασιλέα, ἅτε πολλοῦ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν μαθητῶν φαινομένου. Ἀλλά τις μιαρὸς καὶ ἀναίσθητος, ἐπιλαβόμενος τοῦ χωρίου τούτου, φησί· Καὶ μὴν τὸ ἐναντίον εἰργάσαντο ἂν, τοὺς ἤδη πεπιστευκότας ἀπήλασαν, οὐχὶ τοὺς πιστοὺς ἐπιδοῦναι ἐποίησαν ἂν, εἴ γε δακεῖν αὐτὸν ἐβούλοντο. Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν; Ὅτι πρὸς ἓν τοῦτο ἑώρων ἐκεῖνοι, τὸ κινδύνοις αὐτὸν περιβαλεῖν τοῖς παροῦσι, τὸ μὴ ἀφεῖναι διαφυγεῖν· καὶ τούτῳ μᾶλλον ᾤοντο αὐτὸν λυπεῖν, καὶ τὸ κήρυγμα σβεννύναι, ἢ ἐκείνως. Ἑτέρως μὲν γὰρ ἂν καὶ ἔσβεσαν τοῦ βασιλέως τὴν ὀργὴν, καὶ ἀφῆκαν ἂν ἐξελθεῖν, καὶ πάλιν κηρῦξαι· οὕτω δὲ δι' αὐτὸν τὸ πᾶν ἑλεῖν ἐνόμιζον, ἀνελόντες αὐτόν. Καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἦν τῶν πολλῶν συνιδεῖν, ἀλλὰ πικρῶν τινων καὶ σφόδρα μοχθηρῶν. Εἶτα, Καὶ ἐν τούτῳ, φησὶ, χαίρω, ἀλλὰ καὶ χαρήσομαι. Τί ἐστιν, Ἀλλὰ χαρήσομαι; Κἂν ἐπιπλεῖον γένηται, φησίν. Ἐμοὶ γὰρ συμπράττουσι καὶ ἄκοντες, 62.194 καὶ τῶν αὐτοῖς πεπονημένων ἐκεῖνοι μὲν κόλασιν, ἐγὼ δὲ ὁ μηδὲν συμβαλλόμενος, μισθὸν λήψομαι. Ἆρα ἔστι τι τοῦ διαβόλου μιαρώτερον, τοῦ κήρυγμα ἐπινοήσαντος ἀναδέξασθαι κόλασιν τοῖς πειθομένοις προξενοῦν; Ὁρᾷς πόσοις κακοῖς τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ περιπείρει; κόλασιν καὶ τιμωρίαν αὐτοῖς ἐκ τοῦ κηρύγματος καὶ τῶν πόνων ἐπινοεῖ τούτων. Καὶ ποῖος ἂν ἄλλος ἐχθρὸς καὶ πολέμιος τῆς ἐκείνων σωτηρίας τὸ πᾶν οὕτω διέθηκεν; Ὁρᾷς ὅτι ὁ τὴν ἀλήθειαν πολεμῶν οὐδὲν ἰσχύει, ἀλλ' ἑαυτὸν πλήττει μᾶλλον, ὡς ὁ πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζων; Οἶδα γὰρ, φησὶν, ὅτι τοῦτό μοι ἀποβήσεται εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ τῆς ὑμῶν δεήσεως, καὶ ἐπιχορηγίας τοῦ Πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Οὐδὲν τοῦ διαβόλου μιαρώτερον· οὕτω πανταχοῦ πόνοις ἀνονήτοις τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ περιβάλλει, καὶ διασπᾷ· καὶ οὐ μόνον τῶν ἐπάθλων οὐκ ἀφίησι τυχεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κολάσεως ὑπευθύνους ποιεῖν οἶδεν. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον κήρυγμα, ἀλλὰ καὶ νηστείαν τοιαύτην καὶ παρθενίαν αὐτοῖς νομοθετεῖ, ἣ οὐ μόνον μισθῶν ἀποστερήσει, ἀλλὰ καὶ μέγα κακὸν ἐπάξει τοῖς αὐτὴν μετιοῦσι· περὶ ὧν φησι καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ· Κεκαυτηριασμένοι τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν. ∆ιὸ παρακαλῶ, ὑπὲρ πάντων εὐχαριστῶμεν τῷ Θεῷ, ὅτι ἡμῖν καὶ τοὺς