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it is necessary to be persuaded differently, from what you have been taught. Or by spirit. He so calls the false prophets, speaking by an unclean spirit what they spoke. For these men, wishing to be believed the more, attempted to deceive not only by plausible reasoning—for he indicates this by saying, “Nor by word”—but they also displayed a forged letter as if from Paul, declaring this same thing. For this reason, indicating this very thing, he added, “Nor by letter, as if from us.” Having therefore secured them on all sides, he thus sets forth his own opinion, and says: “Let no one deceive you in any way; for unless the apostasy comes first, and the man of sin is revealed, the son of perdition, who opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship, so that he sits as God in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God.” Here he discourses about the Antichrist, and reveals great mysteries. What is the apostasy? He calls the Antichrist himself the apostasy, as he is about to destroy many and make them fall away; “So as to deceive,” he says, “if possible, even the elect.” And he calls him the man of sin, for he will perform countless terrible things and prepare others to perform them. And he says he is the son of perdition, because he himself is also to be destroyed. But who is this? Is it Satan? By no means; but a certain man who receives all his energy. “And the man is revealed,” he says, “who exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship.” For he will not lead people into idolatry, but he will be a kind of anti-god, and will abolish all the gods, and will command them to worship him instead of God, and he will be seated in the temple of God, not only the one in Jerusalem, but also in the Churches everywhere. “Showing,” he says, “himself to be God.” He did not say, “saying,” but “attempting to show”; for he will perform great works, and will display wondrous signs. Do you not remember that when I was still with you I told you these things? 3. Do you see that it is necessary to say the same things continually, and to draw repeatedly from the same words? For behold, they heard him say these things when he was present, and again they needed a reminder. For just as when they heard about the tribulations—“For even when we were with you,” he says, “we told you beforehand that we were to suffer tribulation”—yet they forgot, and again he strengthens them through his letters; so also having heard about the coming of Christ, they again needed letters to set them right. He reminds them, at any rate, and shows that he says nothing new, but what he always used to say. For just as with farmers, the seeds are cast once, but do not remain forever, but require much additional preparation, and if, after plowing the earth, they do not protect what has been cast, they have sown for the seed-picking birds; so also we, if we do not by constant memory protect what has been sown, have thrown everything to the wind. For the devil snatches it away, and our own indolence destroys it, and the sun dries it up, and 62.483 rain floods it, and thorns choke it. So it is not enough to have sown once and be done, but much care and diligence is needed for one who is to gather the fruits, scaring away the birds, cutting out the thorns, filling the rocky places with much earth, preventing and walling off and removing every kind of damage. But in the case of the earth, everything is the farmer’s part; for it lies inanimate, ready only to be acted upon; but in the case of this spiritual earth, it is not so at all. Not everything is the teachers’ part, but, if not the greater part, at least half belongs to the disciples as well. It is our part, then, to cast the seed, but yours to do what is said, to show the fruits by memory through your works, to pull up the thorns by the roots. For wealth is truly a thorn, having no fruit, unsightly to look at, and unpleasant to use,

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δεῖ μεταπείθεσθαι, ἀφ' ὧν ἐδιδάχθητε. Ἢ διὰ πνεύματος. Τοὺς ψευδοπροφήτας οὕτω καλεῖ πνεύματι ἀκαθάρτῳ λαλοῦντας, ἅπερ ἐλάλουν. Βουλόμενοι γὰρ οὗτοι μᾶλλον πιστεύεσθαι, οὐ μόνον διὰ πιθανολογίας ἐπεχείρουν ἀπατᾷν· τοῦτο γὰρ ἐμφαίνει εἰπὼν, Μήτε διὰ λόγου· ἀλλὰ καὶ πεπλασμένην ἐπιστολὴν ἐπεδείκνυον ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ Παύλου, τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο δηλοῦσαν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸ ἐμφαίνων ἐπήγαγε τὸ, Μήτε δι' ἐπιστολῆς, ὡς δι' ἡμῶν. Πανταχόθεν τοίνυν αὐτοὺς ἀσφαλισάμενος, οὕτω τὴν οἰκείαν γνώμην ἐκτίθεται, καὶ λέγει· Μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον, ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον, καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, ὁ ἀντικείμενος καὶ ὑπεραιρόμενος ἐπὶ πάντα λεγόμενον Θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα, ὥστε αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν ναὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ ὡς Θεὸν καθίσαι, ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστι Θεός. Περὶ τοῦ ἀντιχρίστου ἐνταῦθα διαλέγεται, καὶ μεγάλα ἀποκαλύπτει μυστήρια. Τί ἐστιν ἡ ἀποστασία; Αὐτὸν καλεῖ τὸν ἀντίχριστον ἀποστασίαν, ὡς πολλοὺς μέλλοντα ἀπολλύναι καὶ ἀφιστᾷν· Ὥστε, φησὶ, σκανδαλισθῆναι, εἰ δυνατὸν, καὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς. Καὶ ἄνθρωπον ἁμαρτίας αὐτὸν καλεῖ· μυρία γὰρ ἐργάσεται καὶ παρασκευάσει ἑτέρους ἐργάσασθαι δεινά. Υἱὸν δὲ τῆς ἀπωλείας φησὶν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸ καὶ αὐτὸν ἀπόλλυσθαι. Τίς δὲ οὗτός ἐστιν; ἆρα ὁ σατανᾶς; Οὐδαμῶς· ἀλλ' ἄνθρωπός τις πᾶσαν αὐτοῦ δεχόμενος τὴν ἐνέργειαν· Καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος, φησὶν, ὁ ὑπεραιρόμενος ἐπὶ πάντα λεγόμενον Θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα. Οὐ γὰρ εἰς εἰδωλολατρείαν ἄξει ἐκεῖνος, ἀλλ' ἀντίθεός τις ἔσται, καὶ πάντας καταλύσει τοὺς θεοὺς, καὶ κελεύσει προσκυνεῖν αὐτὸν ἀντὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ καθεσθήσεται εἰς τὸν ναὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὐ τὸν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τὰς πανταχοῦ Ἐκκλησίας. Ἀποδεικνύντα, φησὶν, ἑαυτὸν Θεόν. Οὐκ εἶπε, λέγοντα, ἀλλὰ, πειρώμενον ἀποδεικνύναι· καὶ γὰρ ἔργα μεγάλα ἐργάσεται, καὶ σημεῖα ἐπιδείξεται θαυμαστά. Οὐ μνημονεύετε ὅτι ἔτι ὢν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ταῦτα ἔλεγον ὑμῖν; γʹ. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἀναγκαῖον συνεχῶς ταὐτὰ λέγειν, καὶ ἐπαντλεῖν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ῥήμασιν; Ἰδοὺ γὰρ καὶ παρόντος ἤκουσαν ταῦτα λέγοντος, καὶ πάλιν ἐδεήθησαν ὑπομνήσεως. Καθάπερ γὰρ περὶ τῶν θλίψεων ἀκούσαντες, Καὶ γὰρ ὅτε ἦμεν, φησὶ, πρὸς ὑμᾶς, προελέγομεν ὑμῖν, ὅτι μέλλομεν θλίβεσθαι· ὅμως ἐπελήσθησαν, καὶ πάλιν αὐτοὺς στηρίζει διὰ τῶν γραμμάτων· οὕτω καὶ περὶ τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἀκούσαντες, πάλιν ἐδέοντο γραμμάτων τῶν ῥυθμιζόντων αὐτούς. Ἀναμιμνήσκει γοῦν αὐτοὺς, καὶ δείκνυσιν ὅτι οὐδὲν ξένον λέγει, ἀλλ' ἅπερ ἀεὶ ἔλεγε. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν γεωργῶν τὰ σπέρματα καταβάλλεται μὲν ἅπαξ, οὐ μένει δὲ διαπαντὸς, ἀλλὰ πολλῆς δεῖται τῆς συγκατασκευῆς, κἂν μὴ τὴν γῆν ἀναμοχλεύσαντες περιστείλωσι τὰ καταβαλλόμενα, τοῖς σπερμολόγοις ὀρνέοις ἔσπειραν· οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς, ἂν μὴ τῇ συνεχεῖ μνήμῃ τὰ καταβληθέντα περιστείλωμεν, εἰς τὸν ἀέρα πάντα ἐῤῥίψαμεν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὁ διάβολος ἐξαρπάζει, καὶ ἡ ἡμετέρα ῥᾳθυμία ἀπόλλυσι, καὶ ἥλιος ξηραίνει, καὶ 62.483 ὑετὸς ἐπικλύζει, καὶ ἄκανθαι ἀποπνίγουσιν. Ὥστε οὐκ ἀρκεῖ μόνον ἅπαξ καταβαλόντα ἀπηλλάχθαι, ἀλλὰ πολλῆς δεῖ τῆς ἐπιμελείας καὶ τῆς προσεδρείας τῷ μέλλοντι τοὺς καρποὺς συγκομίζειν, ἀποσοβοῦντι τὰ πετεινὰ, τὰς ἀκάνθας ἐκκόπτοντι, τὰ πετρώδη γῆς πληροῦντι πολλῆς, πᾶσαν λύμην κωλύοντι καὶ ἀποτειχίζοντι καὶ ἀναιροῦντι. Ἀλλ' ἐπὶ μὲν τῆς γῆς τὸ πᾶν τοῦ γεωργοῦ γίνεται· ἄψυχος γὰρ ἐκείνη ὑπόκειται, πρὸς τὸ παθεῖν ἕτοιμος οὖσα μόνον· ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτης τῆς γῆς τῆς πνευματικῆς οὐδαμῶς· οὐ τῶν διδασκάλων ἐστὶ τὸ πᾶν, ἀλλ', εἰ μὴ τὸ πλέον, τὸ γοῦν ἥμισυ καὶ τῶν μαθητῶν. Ἡμῶν μὲν οὖν καταβαλεῖν ἐστι τὸν σπόρον, ὑμῶν δὲ ποιεῖν τὰ λεγόμενα, τῇ μνήμῃ διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐπιδείκνυσθαι τοὺς καρποὺς, τὰς ἀκάνθας προῤῥίζους ἀνασπᾷν. Ἄκανθα γὰρ ὄντως ὁ πλοῦτος, οὐδένα καρπὸν ἔχων, δυσειδὴς καὶ ὀφθῆναι, καὶ χρήσασθαι ἀηδὴς,