Chapter XI.—Texts Explained; And First,Phil. II. 9, 10Various texts which are alleged against the Catholic doctrine: e.g. Phil. ii. 9, 10. Whether the words ‘Wherefore God hath highly exalted’ prove moral probation and advancement. Argued against, first, from the force of the word ‘Son;’ which is inconsistent with such an interpretation. Next, the passage examined. Ecclesiastical sense of ‘highly exalted,’ and ‘gave,’ and ‘wherefore;’ viz. as being spoken with reference to our Lord’s manhood. Secondary sense; viz. as implying the Word’s ‘exaltation’ through the resurrection in the same sense in which Scripture speaks of His descent in the Incarnation; how the phrase does not derogate from the nature of the Word.

37. But since they allege the divine oracles and force on them a misinterpretation, according to their private sense203    Vid. de Syn. 4, note 6. and cf. Tertull. de Præscr. 19. Rufinus H. E. ii. 9. Vincent. Comm. 2. Hippolytus has a passage very much to the same purpose, contr. Noet. 9 fin., it becomes necessary to meet them just so far as to vindicate these passages, and to shew that they bear an orthodox sense, and that our opponents are in error. They say then, that the Apostle writes, ‘Wherefore God also hath highly exalted Him, and given Him a Name which is above every name; that in the Name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven and things in earth and things under the earth204    Phil. ii. 9, 10.;’ and David, ‘Wherefore God even Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of gladness above Thy fellows205    Ps. xlv. 7..’ Then they urge, as something acute: ‘If He was exalted and received grace, on a ‘wherefore,’ and on a ‘wherefore’ He was anointed, He received a reward of His purpose; but having acted from purpose, He is altogether of an alterable nature.’ This is what Eusebius206    Of Nicomedia. vid. Theod. H. E. i. 5. and Arius have dared to say, nay to write; while their partizans do not shrink from conversing about it in full market-place, not seeing how mad an argument they use. For if He received what He had as a reward of His purpose, and would not have had it, unless He had needed it, and had His work to shew for it, then having gained it from virtue and promotion, with reason had He ‘therefore’ been called Son and God, without being very Son. For what is from another by nature, is a real offspring, as Isaac was to Abraham, and Joseph to Jacob, and the radiance to the sun; but the so called sons from virtue and grace, have but in place of nature a grace by acquisition, and are something else besides207    §39 end. the gift itself; as the men who have received the Spirit by participation, concerning whom Scripture saith, ‘I begat and exalted children, and they rebelled against Me208    Is. i. 2. LXX..’ And of course, since they were not sons by nature, therefore, when they altered, the Spirit was taken away and they were disinherited; and again on their repentance that God who thus at the beginning gave them grace, will receive them, and give light, and call them sons again.

38. But if they say this of the Saviour also, it follows that He is neither very God nor very Son, nor like the Father, nor in any wise has God for a Father of His being according to essence, but of the mere grace given to Him, and for a Creator of His being according to essence, after the similitude of all others. And being such, as they maintain, it will be manifest further that He had not the name ‘Son’ from the first, if so be it was the prize of works done and of that very same advance which He made when He became man, and took the form of the servant; but then, when, after becoming ‘obedient unto death,’ He was, as the text says, ‘highly exalted,’ and received that ‘Name’ as a grace, ‘that in the Name of Jesus every knee should bow209    Phil. ii. 8..’ What then was before this, if then He was exalted, and then began to be worshipped, and then was called Son, when He became man? For He seems Himself not to have promoted the flesh at all, but rather to have been Himself promoted through it, if, according to their perverseness, He was then exalted and called Son, when He became man. What then was before this? One must urge the question on them again, to make it understood what their irreligious doctrine results in210    The Arians perhaps more than other heretics were remarkable for bringing objections against the received view, rather than forming a consistent theory of their own. Indeed the very vigour and success of their assault upon the truth lay in its being a mere assault, not a positive and substantive teaching. They therefore, even more than others, might fairly be urged on to the consequences of their positions. Now the text in question, as it must be interpreted if it is to serve as an objection, was an objection also to the received doctrine of the Arians. They considered that our Lord was above and before all creatures from the first, and their Creator; how then could He be exalted above all? They surely, as much as Catholics, were obliged to explain it of our Lord’s manhood. They could not then use it as a weapon against the Church, until they took the ground of Paul of Samosata.. For if the Lord be God, Son, Word, yet was not all these before He became man, either He was something else beside these, and afterwards became partaker of them for His virtue’s sake, as we have said; or they must adopt the alternative (may it return upon their heads!) that He was not before that time, but is wholly man by nature and nothing more. But this is no sentiment of the Church. but of the Samosatene and of the present Jews. Why then, if they think as Jews, are they not circumcised with them too, instead of pretending Christianity, while they are its foes? For if He was not, or was indeed, but afterwards was promoted, how were all things made by Him, or how in Him, were He not perfect, did the Father delight211    Prov. viii. 30.? And He, on the other hand, if now promoted, how did He before rejoice in the presence of the Father? And, if He received His worship after dying, how is Abraham seen to worship Him in the tent212    De Syn. 27 (15)., and Moses in the bush? and, as Daniel saw, myriads of myriads, and thousands of thousands were ministering unto Him? And if, as they say, He had His promotion now, how did the Son Himself make mention of that His glory before and above the world, when He said, ‘Glorify Thou Me, O Father, with the glory which I had with Thee before the world was213    John xvii. 5..’ If, as they say, He was then exalted, how did He before that ‘bow the heavens and come down;’ and again, ‘The Highest gave His thunder214    Ps. xviii. 9, 13.?’ Therefore, if, even before the world was made, the Son had that glory, and was Lord of glory and the Highest, and descended from heaven, and is ever to be worshipped, it follows that He had not promotion from His descent, but rather Himself promoted the things which needed promotion; and if He descended to effect their promotion, therefore He did not receive in reward the name of the Son and God, but rather He Himself has made us sons of the Father, and deified men by becoming Himself man.

39. Therefore He was not man, and then became God, but He was God, and then became man, and that to deify us215    [De Incar. 54, and note.]. Since, if when He became man, only then He was called Son and God, but before He became man, God called the ancient people sons, and made Moses a god of Pharaoh (and Scripture says of many, ‘God standeth in the congregation of Gods216    Ps. lxxxii. 1; Heb. LXX.’), it is plain that He is called Son and God later than they. How then are all things through Him, and He before all? or how is He ‘first-born of the whole creation217    Col. i. 15. vid. infr. ii. §62.,’ if He has others before Him who are called sons and gods? And how is it that those first partakers218    In this passage Athan. considers that the participation of the Word is deification, as communion with the Son is adoption: also that the old Saints, inasmuch as they are called ‘gods’ and ‘sons,’ did partake of the Divine Word and Son, or in other words were gifted with the Spirit. He asserts the same doctrine very strongly in Orat. iv. §22. On the other hand, infr. 47, he says expressly that Christ received the Spirit in Baptism ‘that He might give it to man.’ There is no real contradiction in such statements; what was given in one way under the Law, was given in another and fuller under the Gospel. do not partake of the Word? This opinion is not true; it is a device of our present Judaizers. For how in that case can any at all know God as their Father? for adoption there could not be apart from the real Son, who says, ‘No one knoweth the Father, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son will reveal Him219    Matt. xi. 27..’ And how can there be deifying apart from the Word and before Him? yet, saith He to their brethren the Jews, ‘If He called them gods, unto whom the Word of God came220    John x. 35..’ And if all that are called sons and gods, whether in earth or in heaven, were adopted and deified through the Word, and the Son Himself is the Word, it is plain that through Him are they all, and He Himself before all, or rather He Himself only is very Son221    p. 157, note 6., and He alone is very God from the very God, not receiving these prerogatives as a reward for His virtue, nor being another beside them, but being all these by nature and according to essence. For He is Offspring of the Father’s essence, so that one cannot doubt that after the resemblance of the unalterable Father, the Word also is unalterable.

40. Hitherto we have met their irrational conceits with the true conceptions222    ταῖς ἐννοίαις χρώμενοι, πρός τὰς ἐπινοίας ἀπηντήσαμεν. cf. οὐχὶ ἐπίνοια, παράνοια δὲ μᾶλλον, &c. Basil. contr. Eunom. i. 6. init. implied in the Word ‘Son,’ as the Lord Himself has given us. But it will be well next to cite the divine oracles, that the unalterableness of the Son and His unchangeable nature, which is the Father’s, as well as their perverseness, may be still more fully proved. The Apostle then, writing to the Philippians, says, ‘Have this mind in you, which was also in Christ Jesus; who, being in the form of God, thought it not a prize to be equal with God; but emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men. And, being found in fashion as a man, He humbled Himself, becoming obedient to death, even the death of the cross. Wherefore God also highly exalted Him, and gave Him a Name which is above every name; that in the Name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth, and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father223    Phil. ii. 5–11..’ Can anything be plainer and more express than this? He was not from a lower state promoted: but rather, existing as God, He took the form of a servant, and in taking it, was not promoted but humbled Himself. Where then is there here any reward of virtue, or what advancement and promotion in humiliation? For if, being God, He became man, and descending from on high He is still said to be exalted, where is He exalted, being God? this withal being plain, that, since God is highest of all, His Word must necessarily be highest also. Where then could He be exalted higher, who is in the Father and like the Father in all things224    ὅμοιος κατὰ πάντα, de Syn. 21, note 10.? Therefore He is beyond the need of any addition; nor is such as the Arians think Him. For though the Word has descended in order to be exalted, and so it is written, yet what need was there that He should humble Himself, as if to seek that which He had already? And what grace did He receive who is the Giver of grace225    p. 162, note 3.? or how did He receive that Name for worship, who is always worshipped by His Name? Nay, certainly before He became man, the sacred writers invoke Him, ‘Save me, O God, for Thy Name’s sake226    Ps. liv. 1.;’and again, ‘Some put their trust in chariots, and some in horses, but we will remember the Name of the Lord our God227    Ib. xx. 7..’ And while He was worshipped by the Patriarchs, concerning the Angels it is written, ‘Let all the Angels of God worship Him228    Heb. i. 6..’

41. And if, as David says in the 71st Psalm, ‘His Name remaineth before the sun, and before the moon, from one generation to another229    Ps. lxxii. 17, 5, LXX.,’ how did He receive what He had always, even before He now received it? or how is He exalted, being before His exaltation the Most High? or how did He receive the right of being worshipped, who before He now received it, was ever worshipped? It is not a dark saying but a divine mystery230    Scripture is full of mysteries, but they are mysteries of fact, not of words. Its dark sayings or ænigmata are such, because in the nature of things they cannot be expressed clearly. Hence contrariwise, Orat. ii. §77 fin. he calls Prov. viii. 22. an enigma, with an allusion to Prov. i. 6. Sept. In like manner S. Ambrose says, Mare est scriptura divina, habens in se sensus profundos, et altitudinem propheticorum ænigmatum, &c. Ep. ii. 3. What is commonly called ‘explaining away’ Scripture, is this transference of the obscurity from the subject to the words used.. ‘In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God;’ but for our sakes afterwards the ‘Word was made flesh231    John i. 1, 14..’ And the term in question, ‘highly exalted,’ does not signify that the essence of the Word was exalted, for He was ever and is ‘equal to God232    Phil. ii. 6.,’ but the exaltation is of the manhood. Accordingly this is not said before the Word became flesh; that it might be plain that ‘humbled’ and ‘exalted’ are spoken of His human nature; for where there is humble estate, there too may be exaltation; and if because of His taking flesh ‘humbled’ is written, it is clear that ‘highly exalted’ is also said because of it. For of this was man’s nature in want, because of the humble estate of the flesh and of death. Since then the Word, being the Image of the Father and immortal, took the form of the servant, and as man underwent for us death in His flesh, that thereby He might offer Himself for us through death to the Father; therefore also, as man, He is said because of us and for us to be highly exalted, that as by His death we all died in Christ, so again in the Christ Himself we might be highly exalted, being raised from the dead, and ascending into heaven, ‘whither the forerunner Jesus is for us entered, not into the figures of the true, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us233    Heb. vi. 20; ix. 24..’ But if now for us the Christ is entered into heaven itself, though He was even before and always Lord and Framer of the heavens, for us therefore is that present exaltation written. And as He Himself, who sanctifies all, says also that He sanctifies Himself to the Father for our sakes, not that the Word may become holy, but that He Himself may in Himself sanctify all of us, in like manner we must take the present phrase, ‘He highly exalted Him,’ not that He Himself should be exalted, for He is the highest, but that He may become righteousness for us234    When Scripture says that our Lord was exalted, it means in that sense in which He could be exalted; just as, in saying that a man walks or eats, we speak of him not as a spirit, but as in that system of things to which the ideas of walking and eating belong. Exaltation is not a word which can belong to God; it is unmeaning, and therefore is not applied to Him in the text in question. Thus, e.g. S. Ambrose: ‘Ubi humiliatus, ibi obediens. Ex eo enim nascitur obedientia, ex quo humilitas et in eo desinit,’ &c. Ap. Dav. alt. n. 39., and we may be exalted in Him, and that we may enter the gates of heaven, which He has also opened for us, the forerunners saying, ‘Lift up your gates, O ye rulers, and be ye lift up, ye everlasting doors, and the King of Glory shall come in235    Ps. xxiv. 7..’ For here also not on Him were shut the gates, as being Lord and Maker of all, but because of us is this too written, to whom the door of paradise was shut. And therefore in a human relation, because of the flesh which He bore, it is said of Him, ‘Lift up your gates,’ and ‘shall come in,’ as if a man were entering; but in a divine relation on the other hand it is said of Him, since ‘the Word was God,’ that He is the ‘Lord’ and the ‘King of Glory.’ Such our exaltation the Spirit foreannounced in the eighty-ninth Psalm, saying, ‘And in Thy righteousness shall they be exalted, for Thou art the glory of their strength236    Ps. lxxxix. 17, 18, LXX..’ And if the Son be Righteousness, then He is not exalted as being Himself in need, but it is we who are exalted in that Righteousness, which is He237    1 Cor. i. 30..

42. And so too the words ‘gave Him’ are not written because of the Word Himself; for even before He became man He was worshipped, as we have said, by the Angels and the whole creation in virtue of being proper to the Father; but because of us and for us this too is written of Him. For as Christ died and was exalted as man, so, as man, is He said to take what, as God, He ever had, that even such a grant of grace might reach to us. For the Word was not impaired in receiving a body, that He should seek to receive a grace, but rather He deified that which He put on, and more than that, ‘gave’ it graciously to the race of man. For as He was ever worshipped as being the Word and existing in the form of God, so being what He ever was, though become man and called Jesus, He none the less has the whole creation under foot, and bending their knees to Him in this Name, and confessing that the Word’s becoming flesh, and undergoing death in flesh, has not happened against the glory of His Godhead, but ‘to the glory of God the Father.’ For it is the Father’s glory that man, made and then lost, should be found again; and, when dead, that he should be made alive, and should become God’s temple. For whereas the powers in heaven, both Angels and Archangels, were ever worshipping the Lord, as they are now worshipping Him in the Name of Jesus, this is our grace and high exaltation, that even when He became man, the Son of God is worshipped, and the heavenly powers will not be astonished at seeing all of us, who are of one body with Him238    Infr. §43., introduced into their realms. And this had not been, unless He who existed in the form of God had taken on Him a servant’s form, and had humbled Himself, yielding His body to come unto death.

43. Behold then what men considered the foolishness of God because of the Cross, has become of all things most honoured. For our resurrection is stored up in it; and no longer Israel alone, but henceforth all the nations, as the Prophet hath foretold, leave their idols and acknowledge the true God, the Father of the Christ. And the illusion of demons is come to nought, and He only who is really God is worshipped in the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ239    [De Incar. §§46, 51, &c.]. For the fact that the Lord, even when come in human body and called Jesus, was worshipped and believed to be God’s Son, and that through Him the Father was known, shows, as has been said, that not the Word, considered as the Word, received this so great grace, but we. For because of our relationship to His Body we too have become God’s temple, and in consequence are made God’s sons, so that even in us the Lord is now worshipped, and beholders report, as the Apostle says, that God is in them of a truth240    ὄντως ἐν ὑμῖν ὁ θεός. 1 Cor. xiv. 25. Athan. interprets ἐν in not among; as also in 1 John iii. 24, just afterwards. Vid. ἐν ἐμοί. Gal. i. 24. ἐντὸς ὑμῶν, Luke xvii. 21, ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν, John i. 14, on which text Hooker says, ‘It pleased not the Word or Wisdom of God to take to itself some one person among men, for then should that one have been advanced which was assumed and no more, but Wisdom, to the end she might save many, built her house of that Nature which is common unto all; she made not this or that man her habitation, but dwelt in us.’ Eccl. Pol. v. 52. §3. S. Basil in his proof of the divinity of the Holy Spirit has a somewhat similar passage to the text, de Sp. S. c. 24.. As also John says in the Gospel, ‘As many as received Him, to them gave He power to become children of God241    John i. 12.;’ and in his Epistle he writes, ‘By this we know that He abideth in us by His Spirit which He hath given us242    1 John iii. 24..’ And this too is an evidence of His goodness towards us that, while we were exalted because that the Highest Lord is in us, and on our account grace was given to Him, because that the Lord who supplies the grace has become a man like us, He on the other hand, the Saviour, humbled Himself in taking ‘our body of humiliation243    Phil. iii. 21.,’ and took a servant’s form, putting on that flesh which was enslaved to sin244    It was usual to say against the Apollinarians, that, unless our Lord took on Him our nature, as it is, He had not purified and changed it, as it is, but another nature; ‘The Lord came not to save Adam as free from sin, that He should become like unto him; but as, in the net of sin and now fallen, that God’s mercy might raise him up with Christ.’ Leont. contr. Nestor. &c. ii. p. 996. Accordingly, Athan. says elsewhere, ‘Had not sinlessness appeared [cf. Rom. viii. 3, πέμψας] “in the nature which had sinned,” how was sin condemned in the flesh?’ in Apoll. ii. 6. ‘It was necessary for our salvation,’ says S. Cyril, ‘that the Word of God should become man, that human flesh “subject to corruption” and “sick with the lust of pleasures,” He might make His own; and, “whereas He is life and lifegiving,” He might “destroy the corruption,” &c.…For by this means, might sin in our flesh become dead.’ Ep. ad Success. i. p. 138. And S. Leo, ‘Non alterius naturæ erat ejus caro quam nostra, nec alio illi quam cæteris hominibus anima est inspirata principio, quæ excelleret, non diversitate generis, sed sublimitate virtutis.’ Ep. 35 fin. vid. also Ep. 28. 3. Ep. 31. 2. Ep. 165. 9. Serm. 22. 2. and 25. 5. It may be asked whether this doctrine does not interfere with that of the immaculate conception [i.e. that Christ was conceived sinless]; but that miracle was wrought in order that our Lord might not be born in original sin, and does not affect, or rather includes, His taking flesh of the substance of the Virgin, i.e. of a fallen nature. If indeed sin were ‘of the substance’ of our fallen nature, as some heretics have said, then He could not have taken our nature without partaking our sinfulness; but if sin be, as it is, a fault of the will, then the Divine Power of the Word could sanctify the human will, and keep it from swerving in the direction of evil. Hence ‘We say not that Christ by the felicity of a flesh separated from sense could not feel the desire of sin, but that by perfection of virtue, and by a flesh not begotten through concupiscence of the flesh, He had not the desire of sin;’ Aug. Op. Imperf. iv. 48. On the other hand, S. Athanasius expressly calls it Manichean doctrine to consider τὴν φύσιν of the flesh ἁμαρτίαν, καὶ οὐ τὴν πρᾶξιν. contr. Apoll. i. 12 fin. or φυσικὴν εἶναι τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. ibid. i. 14 fin. His argument in the next ch. is on the ground that all natures are from God, but God made man upright nor is the author of evil (vid. also Vit. Anton. 20); ‘not as if,’ he says, ‘the devil wrought in man a nature (God forbid!) for of a nature the evil cannot be maker (δημιουργὸς) as is the impiety of the Manichees, but he wrought a bias of nature by transgression, and ‘so death reigned over all men.’ Wherefore, saith he, ‘the Son of God came to destroy the works of the devil;’ what works? that nature, which God made sinless, and the devil biassed to the transgression of God’s command and the finding out of sin which is death, did God the Word raise again, so as to be secure from the devil’s bias and the finding out of sin. And therefore the Lord said, “The prince of this world cometh and findeth nothing in Me.”’ vid. also §19. Ibid. ii. 6. he speaks of the devil having ‘introduced the law of sin.’ vid. also §9.. And He indeed has gained nothing from us for His own promotion: for the Word of God is without want and full; but rather we were promoted from Him; for He is the ‘Light, which lighteneth every man, coming into the world245    John i. 9..’ And in vain do the Arians lay stress upon the conjunction ‘wherefore,’ because Paul has said, ‘Wherefore, hath God highly exalted Him.’ For in saying this he did not imply any prize of virtue, nor promotion from advance246    προκοπῆς ‘internal advance,’ Luke ii. 52., but the cause why the exaltation was bestowed upon us. And what is this but that He who existed in form of God, the Son of a noble247    εὐγενοῦς Father, humbled Himself and became a servant instead of us and in our behalf? For if the Lord had not become man, we had not been redeemed from sins, not raised from the dead, but remaining dead under the earth; not exalted into heaven, but lying in Hades. Because of us then and in our behalf are the words, ‘highly exalted’ and ‘given.’

44. This then I consider the sense of this passage, and that, a very ecclesiastical sense248    ἐκκλησιαστικὸς, vid. Serap. iv. 15. contr. Gent. 6. 7. 33.. However, there is another way in which one might remark upon it, giving the same sense in a parallel way; viz. that, though it does not speak of the exaltation of the Word Himself, so far as He is Word249    Orat. ii. §8. (for He is, as was just now said, most high and like His Father), yet by reason of His becoming man it indicates His resurrection from the dead. For after saying, ‘He hath humbled Himself even unto death,’ He immediately added, ‘Wherefore He hath highly exalted Him;’ wishing to shew, that, although as man He is said to have died, yet, as being Life, He was exalted on the resurrection; for ‘He who descended, is the same also who rose again250    Eph. iv. 10, but ἀναστάς for ἀναβὰς..’ He descended in body, and He rose again because He was God Himself in the body. And this again is the reason why according to this meaning he brought in the conjunction ‘Wherefore;’ not as a reward of virtue nor of advancement, but to signify the cause why the resurrection took place; and why, while all other men from Adam down to this time have died and remained dead, He only rose in integrity from the dead. The cause is this, which He Himself has already taught us, that, being God, He has become man. For all other men, being merely born of Adam, died, and death reigned over them; but He, the Second Man, is from heaven, for ‘the Word was made flesh251    John i. 14.,’ and this Man is said to be from heaven and heavenly252    In Apoll. i. 2., because the Word descended from heaven; wherefore He was not held under death. For though He humbled Himself, yielding His own Body to come unto death, in that it was capable of death253    It was a point in controversy with the extreme Monophysites, that is, the Eutychians, whether our Lord’s body was naturally subject to death, the Catholics maintaining the affirmative, as Athanasius here. Eutyches asserted that our Lord had not a human nature, by which he meant among other things that His manhood was not subject to the laws of a body, but so far as He submitted to them, He did so by an act of will in each particular case; and this, lest it should seem that He was moved by the πάθη against His will ἀκουσίως; and consequently that His manhood was not subject to death. But the Catholics maintained that He had voluntarily placed Himself under those laws, and died naturally, vid. Athan. contr. Apol. i. 17, and that after the resurrection His body became incorruptible, not according to nature, but by grace. vid. Leont. de Sect. x. p. 530. Anast. Hodeg. c. 23. To express their doctrine of the ὑπερφυές of our Lord’s manhood the Eutychians made use of the Catholic expression ‘ut voluit.’ vid. Athan. l.c. Eutyches ap. Leon. Ep. 21. ‘quomodo voluit et scit,’ twice. vid. also Eranist. i. p. 11. ii. p. 105. Leont. contr. Nest. i. p. 967. Pseudo-Athan. Serm. adv. Div. Hær. §8. (t. 2. p. 570.), yet He was highly exalted from earth, because He was God’s Son in a body. Accordingly what is here said, ‘Wherefore God also hath highly exalted Him,’ answers to Peter’s words in the Acts, ‘Whom God raised up, having loosed the bonds of death, because it was not possible that He should be holden of it254    Acts ii. 24..’ For as Paul has written, ‘Since being in form of God He became man, and humbled Himself unto death, therefore God also hath highly exalted Him,’ so also Peter says, ‘Since, being God, He became man, and signs and wonders proved Him to beholders to be God, therefore it was not possible that He should be holden of death.’ To man it was not possible to succeed in this; for death belongs to man; wherefore, the Word, being God, became flesh, that, being put to death in the flesh, He might quicken all men by His own power.

45. But since He Himself is said to be ‘exalted,’ and God ‘gave’ Him, and the heretics think this a defect255    ἐλάττωμα, ad Adelph. 4. or affection in the essence256    At first sight it would seem as if S. Athanasius here used οὐσία essence for subsistence, or person; but this is not true except with an explanation. Its direct meaning is here, as usual, essence, though indirectly it comes to imply subsistence. He is speaking of that Divine Essence which, though also the Almighty Father’s, is as simply and entirely the Word’s as if it were only His. Nay, even when the Essence of the Father is spoken of in a sort of contrast to that of the Son, as in the phrase οὐσία ἐξ οὐσίας, harsh as such expressions are, it is not accurate to say that οὐσία is used for subsistence or person, or that two οὐσίαι are spoken of (vid. de Syn. 52, note 8), except, that is, by Arians, as Eusebius, supr. Ep. Eus. §6 [or by Origen, Prolegg. ii. §3 (2) a.] Just below we find φύσις τοῦ λόγου, §51 init. of the Word, it becomes necessary to explain how these words are used. He is said to be exalted from the lower parts of the earth, because death is ascribed even to Him. Both events are reckoned His, since it was His Body257    This was the question which came into discussion in the Nestorian controversy, when, as it was then expressed, all that took place in respect to the Eternal Word as man, belonged to His Person, and therefore might be predicated of Him; so that it was heretical not to confess the Word’s body (or the body of God in the Person of the Word), the Word’s death (as Athan, in the text), the Word’s exaltation, and the Word’s, or God’s, Mother, who was in consequence called θεοτόκος, which was the expression on which the controversy mainly turned. Cf. Orat. iii. 31, a passage as precise as if it had been written after the Nestorian and Eutychian controversies, though without the technical words then adopted., and none other’s, that was exalted from the dead and taken up into heaven. And again, the Body being His, and the Word not being external to it, it is natural that when the Body was exalted, He, as man, should, because of the body, be spoken of as exalted. If then He did not become man, let this not be said of Him: but if the Word became flesh, of necessity the resurrection and exaltation, as in the case of a man, must be ascribed to Him, that the death which is ascribed to Him may be a redemption of the sin of men and an abolition of death, and that the resurrection and exaltation may for His sake remain secure for us. In both respects he hath said of Him, ‘God hath highly exalted Him,’ and ‘God hath given to Him;’ that herein moreover he may show that it is not the Father that hath become flesh, but it is His Word, who has become man, and receives after the manner of men from the Father, and is exalted by Him, as has been said. And it is plain, nor would any one dispute it, that what the Father gives, He gives through. the Son. And it is marvellous and overwhelming verily; for the grace which the Son gives from the Father, that the Son Himself is said to receive; and the exaltation, which the Son bestows from the Father, with that the Son is Himself exalted. For He who is the Son of God, became Himself the Son of Man; and, as Word, He gives from the Father, for all things which the Father does and gives, He does and supplies through Him; and as the Son of Man, He Himself is said after the manner of men to receive what proceeds from Him, because His Body is none other than His, and is a natural recipient of grace, as has been said. For He received it as far as His man’s nature258    τὸν ἄνθρωπον. was exalted; which exaltation was its being deified. But such an exaltation the Word Himself always had according to the Father’s Godhead and perfection, which was His259    τὴν πατρικὴν ἑαυτοῦ θεότητα, cf. de Syn. 45, note 1..

Ἐπειδὴ δὲ προφασίζονται τὰ θεῖα λόγια, καὶ βιάζονται παρεξηγεῖσθαι ταῦτα κατὰ τὸν ἴδιον νοῦν, ἀναγκαῖον τοσοῦτον ἀποκρίνασθαι τούτοις, ὅσον ἐκδικῆσαι τὰ ῥητὰ καὶ δεῖξαι ταῦτα μὲν ὀρθὴν ἔχοντα τὴν διάνοιαν, ἐκείνους δὲ κακῶς φρονοῦντας. Φασὶ τοίνυν, ὅτι γέγραπται παρὰ μὲν τῷ Ἀποστόλῳ· ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ὑπερύψωσε, καὶ ἐχαρίσατο αὐτῷ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα, ἵνα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ ἐπου ρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων, καὶ καταχθονίων· παρὰ δὲ τῷ ∆αυΐδ· ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἔχρισέ σε ὁ Θεὸς, ὁ Θεός σου ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου. Εἶτα ἐπιφέρουσιν ὡς σοφόν τι λέγοντες· Εἰ διὰ τοῦτο ὑψώθη, καὶ χάριν ἔλαβε, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο κέχρισται, μισθὸν τῆς προαιρέσεως ἔλαβε. Προαιρέσει δὲ πράξας, τρεπτῆς ἐστι πάντως φύσεως. Ταῦτα. οὐ μόνον εἰπεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ γράψαι τετολμήκασιν Εὐσέ βιός τε καὶ Ἄρειος, καὶ οἱ ἀπ' αὐτῶν δὲ λαλεῖν οὐκ ὀκνοῦσι κατὰ μέσην τὴν ἀγορὰν, οὐχ ὁρῶντες ὅσην μανίαν ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ἔχει. Εἰ γὰρ μισθὸν προαιρέσεως ἔλαβεν ἃ ἔσχεν, οὐκ ἂν ἐσχηκὼς αὐτὰ εἰ μὴ τοῦ δεομένου τὸ ἔργον ἐνεδείξατο· ἐξ ἀρετῆς ἄρα καὶ βελτιώσεως ταῦτα ἐσχηκὼς, εἰκότως ἐλέχθη διὰ ταῦτα καὶ Υἱὸς καὶ Θεὸς, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθινὸς Υἱός. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἔκ τινος κατὰ φύσιν ἀληθινόν ἐστι γέννημα, οἷος ἦν Ἰσαὰκ τῷ Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Ἰωσὴφτῷ Ἰακὼβ, καὶ τὸ ἀπαύγασμα τῷ ἡλίῳ· οἱ δὲ ἐξ ἀρε τῆς καὶ χάριτος λεγόμενοι μόνον εἰσὶν ἔχοντες ἀντὶ τῆς φύσεως τὴν ἐκ τοῦ λαβεῖν χάριν, καὶ ἄλλοι παρὰ τὸ δοθὲν αὐτοῖς ὄντες, οἷοί εἰσιν οἱ ἄνθρω ποι οἱ κατὰ μετοχὴν Πνεῦμα λαβόντες, περὶ ὧν καὶ ἔλεγεν· Υἱοὺς ἐγέννησα καὶ ὕψωσα, αὐτοὶ δέ με ἠθέτησαν. Ἀμέλει ἐπεὶ μὴ κατὰ φύσιν ἦσαν υἱοὶ, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τραπέντων αὐτῶν ἀφῃρέθη τὸ Πνεῦμα, καὶ ἀπεκηρύχθησαν· καὶ πάλιν δὲ μετανοοῦντας αὐ τοὺς δέξεται, καὶ διδοὺς τὸ φῶς, πάλιν υἱοὺς κα λέσει ὁ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν Θεὸς οὕτω τὴν χάριν αὐ τοῖς δεδωκώς. Εἰ τοίνυν οὕτω καὶ τὸν Σωτῆρα λέγουσι, δειχθήσεται μήτε ἀληθινὸς, μήτε Θεὸς, μήτε Υἱὸς, μήτε ὅμοιος τῷ Πατρὶ, μήτε ὅλως τοῦ εἶναι κατ' οὐ σίαν Πατέρα ἔχων τὸν Θεὸν, ἀλλὰ τῆς δοθείσης αὐτῷ μόνης χάριτος, τοῦ δὲ εἶναι κατ' οὐσίαν κτίστην τὸν Θεὸν, καθ' ὁμοιότητα τῶν πάντων, ἔχων. Τοιοῦτος δὲ ὢν, οἷον οὗτοι λέγουσι, φανήσεται μᾶλλον μηδὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐσχηκὼς τὸ ὄνομα Υἱὸς, εἴ γε τοῦτο τῶν ἔρ γων ἔπαθλον ἔσχε καὶ προκοπῆς, οὐκ ἄλλης ἢ τῆς ὅτε γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος, καὶ τὴν τοῦ δούλου μορφὴν ἀνέλαβε. Τότε γάρ ἐστιν, ὅτε γενόμενος ὑπήκοος μέχρι θανάτου, ὑπερυψῶσθαι λέγεται, καὶ χάριν εἰληφέναι τὸ ὄνομα, ἵνα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ κάμψῃ πᾶν γόνυ. Τί οὖν ἦν πρὸ τούτου, εἰ νῦν ὑψώθη, καὶ νῦν ἤρξατο προσκυνεῖσθαι, καὶ νῦν Υἱὸς ἐλέχθη, ὅτε γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος; Φαίνεται γὰρ μηδὲν βελτιώσας αὐτὸς τὴν σάρκα, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον αὐ τὸς δι' αὐτῆς βελτιωθεὶς, εἴ γε κατὰ τὴν κακόνοιαν αὐτῶν τότε ὑψώθη καὶ Υἱὸς ἐλέχθη, ὅτε γέγονεν ἄν θρωπος. Τί οὖν ἦν πρὸ τούτου; Πάλιν γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἐρωτᾷν ἀνάγκη, ἵνα καὶ τὸ τέλος τῆς ἀσεβείας αὐτῶν θεωρηθῇ. Εἰ γάρ ἐστιν ὁ Κύριος Θεὸς, Υἱὸς, Λόγος, οὐκ ἦν δὲ ταῦτα πρὸ τοῦ γένηται ἄνθρωπος· ἢ ἄλλο τι ἦν παρὰ ταῦτα, καὶ ὕστερον τούτων ἐξ ἀρετῆς μετέσχεν, ὥσπερ εἴπαμεν· ἢ τὸ ἕτερον, ὅπερ εἰς τὰς ἐκείνων κεφαλὰς τραπείη, ἀνάγκη λέγειν αὐ τοὺς, μηδὲ εἶναι πρὸ τούτου αὐτὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ὅλον ἄν θρωπον εἶναι φύσει, καὶ μηδὲν πλέον. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, τοῦ δὲ Σαμοσατέως ἐστὶ καὶ τῶν νῦν Ἰουδαίων τὸ φρόνημα. ∆ιὰ τί οὖν τὰ ἐκείνων φρονοῦντες, οὐχὶ καὶ ὡς Ἰουδαῖοι περι τέμνονται, ἀλλ' ὑποκρίνονται τὸν Χριστιανισμὸν, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔχουσι τὴν μάχην; Εἰ γὰρ οὐκ ἦν, ἢ ἦν μὲν, ἐβελτιώθη δὲ ὕστερον, πῶς δι' αὐτοῦ γέγονε τὰ πάντα, ἢ πῶς ἐν τούτῳ, εἴ γε μὴ τέλειος ἦν, προσέχαιρεν ὁ Πατήρ; Καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ, εἰ νῦν ἐβελτιώθη, πῶς πρὸ τούτου ηὐφραίνετο ἐν προσώπῳ τοῦ Πατρός; Πῶς δὲ, εἰ μετὰ τὸν θά νατον ἔλαβε τὸ προσκυνεῖσθαι, φαίνεται ὁ Ἀβραὰμ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ προσκυνῶν καὶ Μωσῆς ἐν τῇ βάτῳ; καὶ, ὡς εἶδε ∆ανιὴλ, μύριαι μυριάδες καὶ χί λιαι χιλιάδες ἐλειτούργουν αὐτῷ; Πῶς δὲ, εἰ νῦν κατ' αὐτοὺς ἔσχε τὴν βελτίωσιν, τῆς πρὸ κόσμου καὶ τῆς ὑπερκοσμίου δόξης ἑαυτοῦ μνημονεύων ἔλεγεν αὐτὸς ὁ Υἱός· ∆όξασόν με σὺ, Πάτερ, τῇ δόξῃ, ᾗ εἶχον πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι παρὰ σοί. Εἰ δὲ νῦν ὑψώθη κατ' αὐτοὺς, πῶς πρὸ τούτου ἔκλι νεν οὐρανοὺς καὶ κατέβη· καὶ πάλιν· Ἔδωκεν ὁ Ὕψιστος φωνὴν αὐτοῦ; Οὐκοῦν εἰ καὶ πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον γενέσθαι τὴν δόξαν εἶχεν ὁ Υἱὸς, καὶ Κύριος τῆς δόξης ὕψιστός τε ἦν, καὶ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ κατ έβη, καὶ ἀεὶ προσκυνητός ἐστιν, οὐκ ἄρα καταβὰς ἐβελτιώθη, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ἐβελτίωσεν αὐτὸς τὰ δεό μενα βελτιώσεως· καὶ εἰ τοῦ βελτιῶσαι χάριν κατα βέβηκεν, οὐκ ἄρα μισθὸν ἔσχε τὸ λέγεσθαι Υἱὸς καὶ Θεὸς, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον αὐτὸς υἱοποίησεν ἡμᾶς τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ἐθεοποίησε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους γενόμενος αὐτὸς ἄνθρωπος. Οὐκ ἄρα ἄνθρωπος ὢν, ὕστερον γέγονε Θεός· ἀλλὰ Θεὸς ὢν, ὕστερον γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος, ἵνα μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς θεοποιήσῃ. Ἐπεὶ εἰ, ὅτε γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος, τότε Υἱὸς καὶ Θεὸς ἐλέχθη, πρὸ δὲ τοῦ γένηται ἄν θρωπος, υἱοὺς ἔλεγε τοὺς πάλαι λαοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ Μωσῆν ἐτίθει θεὸν τοῦ Φαραὼ, καὶ ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἡ Γραφή φησιν, Ὁ Θεὸς ἔστη ἐν συναγωγῇ θεῶν· δῆλόν ἐστιν, ὡς μετ' αὐτοὺς καὶ Υἱὸς καὶ Θεὸς οὗτος ἐλέχθη. Πῶς οὖν πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ, καὶ αὐτός ἐστι πρὸ πάντων; Ἢ πῶς πρωτότοκος πάσης τῆς κτίσεως, ἔχων τοὺς πρὸ ἑαυτοῦ κληθέντας υἱοὺς καὶ θεούς; Πῶς δὲ οἱ μέτοχοι πρῶτοι οὐ μετ έχουσι Λόγου; οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθὴς αὕτη δόξα· παρεύ ρεσίς ἐστι τῶν νῦν ἰουδαϊζόντων. Πῶς γὰρ ὅλως δύνανται τινες ἐπιγνῶναι Πατέρα τὸν Θεόν; οὔτε γὰρ υἱοθεσία γένοιτ' ἂν χωρὶς τοῦ ἀλη θινοῦ Υἱοῦ, λέγοντος αὐτοῦ· Οὐδεὶς ἐπιγινώσκει τὸν Πατέρα, εἰ μὴ ὁ Υἱὸς, καὶ ᾧ ἂν ὁ Υἱὸς ἀποκαλύψῃ. Πῶς δὲ καὶ θεοποίησις γένοιτ' ἂν χωρὶς τοῦ Λόγου, καὶ πρὸ αὐτοῦ, καίτοι λέγοντος αὐτοῦ πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τούτων Ἰουδαίους, Εἰ ἐκείνους θεοὺς εἶπε, πρὸς οὓς ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐγένετο; Εἰ δὲ πάντες ὅσοι υἱοί τε καὶ θεοὶ ἐκλήθησαν, εἴτε ἐπὶ γῆς, εἴτε ἐν οὐρανοῖς, διὰ τοῦ Λόγου υἱοποιήθη σαν καὶ ἐθεοποιήθησαν, αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Υἱός ἐστιν ὁ Λόγος· δῆλον ὅτι δι' αὐτοῦ μὲν οἱ πάν τες, αὐτὸς δὲ πρὸ πάντων, μᾶλλον δὲ μόνον αὐτὸς ἀληθινὸς Υἱὸς, καὶ μόνος ἐκ τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ Θεοῦ Θεὸς ἀληθινός ἐστιν, οὐ μισθὸν ἀρετῆς ταῦτα λαβὼν, οὐδὲ ἄλλος ὢν παρὰ ταῦτα, ἀλλὰ φύσει κατ' οὐσίαν ὢν ταῦτα. Γέννημα γὰρ τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς οὐσίας ὑπάρχει, ὥστε μηδένα ἀμφιβάλλειν, ὅτι καθ' ὁμοιό τητα τοῦ ἀτρέπτου Πατρὸς ἄτρεπτός ἐστι καὶ ὁ Λόγος. Τέως μὲν οὖν, ταῖς περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐννοίαις χρώ μενοι, οὕτως πρὸς τὰς ἀλόγους αὐτῶν ἐπινοίας, ὡς δέ δωκεν αὐτὸς ὁ Κύριος, ἀπηντήσαμεν· καλὸν δὲ καὶ τὰ θεῖα λόγια παραθέσθαι λοιπὸν, ἵν' ἔτι καὶ πλεῖον τοῦ μὲν Υἱοῦ τὸ ἄτρεπτον ἀποδειχθῇ, καὶ ἡ ἀναλλοίωτος αὐτοῦ πατρικὴ φύσις, τούτων δὲ ἡ κα κοφροσύνη. Γράφων τοίνυν Φιλιππησίοις ὁ Ἀπόστο λός φησι· Τοῦτο φρονείσθω ἐν ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὃς ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων, οὐχ ἁρπαγμὸν ἡγήσατο τὸ εἶναι ἴσα Θεῷ, ἀλλ' ἑαυ τὸν ἐκένωσε μορφὴν δούλου λαβὼν, ἐν ὁμοιώ ματι ἀνθρώπων γενόμενος, καὶ σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος. Ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτὸν, γενόμενος ὑπήκοος μέχρι θανάτου, θανάτου δὲ σταυροῦ. ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ὑπερύψωσε, καὶ ἐχαρί σατο αὐτῷ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα, ἵνα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ ἐπουρανίων, καὶ ἐπιγείων, καὶ καταχθονίων, καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσηται, ὅτι Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ Πατρός. Τί τούτου λευ κότερον καὶ ἀποδεικτικώτερον γένοιτο ἄν; Οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ἐλαττόνων βελτίων γέγονεν· ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον Θεὸς ὑπάρχων τὴν δούλου μορφὴν ἔλαβε, καὶ ἐν τῷ λαβεῖν, οὐκ ἐβελτιώθη, ἀλλ' ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν. Ποῦ τοίνυν ἐν τούτοις μισθὸς τῆς ἀρετῆς, ἢ ποία προκοπὴ καὶ βελτίωσις ἐν ταπεινώσει; Εἰ γὰρ Θεὸς ὢν, γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος, καὶ, ἐξ ὕψους καταβὰς, λέ γεται ὑψοῦσθαι, ποῦ ὑψοῦται Θεὸς ὤν; ∆ήλου ὄντος πάλιν τούτου, ὅτι, τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑψίστου ὄντος, ἐξ ἀνάγκης εἶναι δεῖ καὶ τὸν τούτου Λόγον ὕψιστον. Ποῦ οὖν πλεῖον εἶχεν ὑψωθῆναι ὁ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ ὢν, καὶ ὅμοιος κατὰ πάντα τοῦ Πατρός; Οὐκοῦν πάσης προσθήκης ἀπροσδεής ἐστι, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν, ὡς ὑπονοοῦσιν οἱ Ἀρειανοί. Εἰ γὰρ διὰ τὸ ὑψωθῆναι καταβέβηκεν ὁ Λόγος, καὶ ταῦτα γέγραπται· τίς χρεία ἦν ὅλως καὶ ταπεινῶσαι ἑαυτὸν, ἵνα τοῦτο ζητήσῃ λαβεῖν ὅπερ εἶχε; Ποίαν δὲ καὶ χάριν ἔλαβεν ὁ τῆς χάριτος δοτήρ; Ἢ πῶς ἔλαβε τὸ ὄνομα εἰς τὸ προσκυνεῖσθαι, ὁ ἀεὶ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ προσκυνούμενος; Καὶ πρὶν γένηται γοῦν ἄνθρωπος, παρακαλοῦσιν οἱ ἅγιοι· Ὁ Θεὸς, ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου σῶσόν με. Καὶ πάλιν· Οὗτοι ἐν ἅρμασι, καὶ οὗτοι ἐν ἵπποις, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου Θεοῦ ἡμῶν μεγαλυνθησό μεθα· καὶ ὑπὸ μὲν τῶν πατριαρχῶν προσεκυνεῖτο· περὶ δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων γέγραπται· Καὶ προσκυνησά τωσαν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄγγελοι Θεοῦ. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ὡς ψάλλει ∆αυῒδ ἐν τῷ ἑβδομη κοστῷ πρώτῳ ψαλμῷ· Πρὸ τοῦ ἡλίου διαμένει τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, καὶ πρὸ τῆς σελήνης εἰς γενεὰς γενεῶν· πῶς ἐλάμβανεν ὃ εἶχεν ἀεὶ, καὶ πρὶν λαβεῖν νῦν αὐτό; Ἢ πῶς ὑψοῦται, ὁ καὶ πρὶν ὑψωθῆναι ὕψιστος ὤν; Ἢ πῶς ἔλαβε τὸ προσκυνεῖσθαι, ὁ καὶ, πρὶν τοῦτο νῦν λαβεῖν, ἀεὶ προσκυνούμενος; Οὐκ ἔστιν αἴνιγμα, ἀλλὰ μυστήριον θεῖον· Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος, καὶ ὁ Λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ Θεὸς ἦν ὁ Λόγος· δι' ἡμᾶς δὲ ὕστερον οὗτος ὁ Λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο· καὶ τὸ λεγόμενον νῦν, ὑπερύψωσεν, οὐ τὴν οὐσίαν τοῦ Λόγου ὑψουμένην σημαίνει· ἦν γὰρ ἀεὶ καὶ ἔστιν ἴσα Θεῷ· ἀλλὰ τῆς ἀνθρωπότητός ἐστιν ἡ ὕψωσις. Οὐ πρὶν γοῦν εἴρηται ταῦτα, εἰ μὴ ὅτε γέγονε σὰρξ ὁ Λόγος, ἵνα γένητα φανερὸν, ὅτι τὸ, ἐταπείνωσε, καὶ τὸ, ὑπερύψωσεν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου λέγεται· οὗ γάρ ἐστι τὸ ταπει νὸν, τούτου καὶ τὸ ὑψωθῆναι ἂν εἴη· καὶ εἰ διὰ τὴν πρόσληψιν τῆς σαρκὸς τὸ, ἐταπείνωσε, γέγραπται, δῆλόν ἐστιν, ὅτι καὶ τὸ, ὑπερύψωσε, δι' αὐτήν ἐστι. Τούτου γὰρ ἦν ἐνδεὴς ὁ ἄνθρωπος διὰ τὸ ταπεινὸν τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τοῦ θανάτου. Ἐπεὶ οὖν εἰκὼν ὢν τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ ἀθάνατος ὢν ὁ Λόγος, ἔλαβε τὴν τοῦ δούλου μορφὴν, καὶ ὑπέμεινε δι' ἡμᾶς ὡς ἄνθρω πος ἐν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ σαρκὶ τὸν θάνατον, ἵν' οὕτως ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν διὰ τοῦ θανάτου προσενέγκῃ τῷ Πατρί· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὡς ἄνθρωπος δι' ἡμᾶς καὶ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν λέγεται ὑπερυψοῦσθαι, ἵν' ὥσπερ τῷ θα νάτῳ αὐτοῦ πάντες ἡμεῖς ἀπεθάνομεν ἐν Χριστῷ, οὕτως, ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ Χριστῷ πάλιν ἡμεῖς ὑπερυγωθῶ μεν, ἔκ τε τῶν νεκρῶν ἐγειρόμενοι, καὶ εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀνερχόμενοι, ἔνθα πρόδρομος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν εἰσῆλθεν Ἰησοῦς, οὐκ εἰς ἀντίτυπα τῶν ἀληθινῶν, ἀλλ' εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν οὐρανὸν νῦν ἐμφανισθῆναι τῷ προσώπῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν. Εἰ δὲ νῦν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν οὐρανὸν εἰσῆλθεν ὁ Χριστὸς, καί τοι καὶ πρὸ τούτου καὶ ἀεὶ Κύριος ὢν καὶ δημιουρ γὸς τῶν οὐρανῶν· ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἄρα καὶ τὸ ὑψω θῆναι νῦν γέγραπται. Καὶ ὥσπερ αὐτὸς πάντας ἁγιά ζων, λέγει πάλιν τῷ Πατρὶ ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἁγιά ζειν, οὐχ ἵνα ἅγιος ὁ Λόγος γένηται, ἀλλ' ἵνα αὐτὸς ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἁγιάσῃ πάντας ἡμᾶς· οὕτως ἄρα καὶ τὸ νῦν λεγόμενον, ὑπερύψωσεν αὐτὸν, οὐχ ἵνα αὐτὸς ὑψω θῇ· ὕψιστος γάρ ἐστιν· ἀλλ' ἵνα αὐτὸς μὲν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν δικαιοσύνη γένηται, ἡμεῖς δὲ ὑψωθῶμεν ἐν αὐτῷ, καὶ εἰς τὰς πύλας εἰσέλθωμεν τῶν οὐρα νῶν, ἃς αὐτὸς πάλιν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀνέῳξε, λεγόντων τῶν προτρεχόντων· Ἄρατε πύλας, οἱ ἄρχοντες, ὑμῶν, καὶ ἐπάρθητε, πύλαι αἰώνιοι, καὶ εἰσελεύ σεται ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς δόξης. Καὶ ὧδε γὰρ οὐκ αὐτῷ ἦσαν αἱ πύλαι κεκλεισμέναι Κυρίῳ καὶ ποιητῇ τῶν πάντων ὄντι, ἀλλὰ δι' ἡμᾶς καὶ τοῦτο γέγρα πται, οἷς ἦν ἡ θύρα κεκλεισμένη τοῦ παραδείσου. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἀνθρωπίνως μὲν, δι' ἣν ἐφόρει σάρκα, λέγεται περὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ, Ἄρατε πύλας· καὶ τὸ, Εἰσελεύσεται, ὡς ἀνθρώπου εἰσερχομένου· θεϊκῶς δὲ πάλιν περὶ αὐτοῦ λέγεται, ἐπειδὴ καὶ Θεός ἐστιν ὁ Λόγος, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Κύριος καὶ ὁ βασι λεὺς τῆς δόξης. Τὴν δὲ τοιαύτην εἰς ἡμᾶς γενομέ νην ὕψωσιν προανεφώνει τὸ Πνεῦμα ἐν ὀγδοηκοστῷ ὀγδόῳ ψαλμῷ λέγον· Καὶ ἐν τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ σου ὑψωθήσονται, ὅτι τὸ καύχημα τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτῶν εἶ σύ. Εἰ δὲ δικαιοσύνη ἐστὶν ὁ Υἱὸς, οὐκ ἄρα αὐτός ἐστιν ὡς ἐνδεὴς ὑψούμενος, ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν οἱ ἐν τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ ὑψούμενοι, ἥτις ἐστὶν αὐτός. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὸ, ἐχαρίσατο αὐτῷ, οὐ δι' αὐτὸν τὸν Λόγον γέγραπται· ἦν γὰρ πάλιν, καὶ πρὶν ἄν θρωπος γένηται, προσκυνούμενος, ὥσπερ εἴπομεν, ὑπό τε τῶν ἀγγέλων καὶ πάσης τῆς κτίσεως, κατὰ τὴν πατρικὴν ἰδιότητα· ἀλλὰ δι' ἡμᾶς καὶ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν τοῦτο πάλιν περὶ αὐτοῦ γέγραπται. Ὥσπερ γὰρ, ὡς ἄνθρωπος, ὁ Χριστὸς ἀπέθανε καὶ ὑψώθη· οὕτως, ὡς ἄνθρωπος, λέγεται λαμβάνειν ὅπερ εἶχεν ἀεὶ ὡς Θεὸς, ἵνα εἰς ἡμᾶς φθάσῃ καὶ ἡ τοιαύτη δο θεῖσα χάρις. Οὐ γὰρ ἠλαττώθη ὁ Λόγος σῶμα λαβὼν, ἵνα καὶ χάριν ζητήσῃ λαβεῖν, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον καὶ ἐθεο ποίησεν ὅπερ ἐνεδύσατο, καὶ πλέον ἐχαρίσατο τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῦτο. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἀεὶ προσεκυνεῖτο Λόγος ὢν καὶ ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων· οὕτως ὁ αὐτὸς ὢν καὶ ἄνθρωπος γενόμενος, κληθείς τε Ἰησοῦς, οὐδὲν ἧττον ἔχει πᾶσαν ὑπὸ πόδα τὴν κτίσιν, καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ τὰ γόνατα κάμ πτουσαν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἐξομολογουμένην ὅτι καὶ τὸ γε νέσθαι σάρκα τὸν Λόγον, καὶ θάνατον ὑπομεῖναι σαρκὶ, οὐκ ἐπ' ἀδοξίᾳ τῆς θεότητος αὐτοῦ γέγονεν, ἀλλ' εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ Πατρός. ∆όξα δὲ Πατρός ἐστι τὸν γενόμενον ἄνθρωπον καὶ ἀπολόμενον εὑρεθῆναι, καὶ νεκρωθέντα ζωοποιηθῆναι, καὶ ναὸν γενέσθαι Θεοῦ. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τῶν ἐν οὐρανοῖς δυνάμεων, ἀγγέλων τε καὶ ἀρχαγγέλων ἀεὶ μὲν προσκυνούντων αὐ τὸν, προσκυνούντων δὲ καὶ νῦν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ τὸν Κύριον, ἡμῶν ἐστιν αὕτη ἡ χάρις καὶ ὑπερύψωσις, ὅτι τε καὶ ἄνθρωπος γενόμενος, προσκυνεῖται ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ Υἱὸς, καὶ οὐ ξενισθήσονται αἱ οὐράνιοι δυνάμεις βλέπουσαι τοὺς συσσώμους ἐκείνου πάντας ἡμᾶς εἰσαγομένους εἰς τὰς χώρας αὐτῶν. Ἄλλως δὲ οὐκ ἂν ἐγεγόνει τοῦτο, εἰ μὴ ὁ ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρ χων εἰλήφει δούλου μορφὴν, καὶ ταπεινώσας ἦν ἑαυτὸν, μέχρι θανάτου συγχωρήσας φθάσαι τὸ σῶμα. Ἰδοὺ γοῦν τὸ νομιζόμενον παρὰ ἀνθρώποις μωρὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὸν σταυρὸν γέγονε πάντων ἐντιμότερον. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἀνάστασις ἡμῶν ἐν αὐτῷ ἀπόκειται· οὐκέτι δὲ μόνος ὁ Ἰσραὴλ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη λοιπὸν, ὡς προείρηκεν ὁ προφήτης, τὰ μὲν εἴδωλα ἑαυτῶν καταλιμπάνουσι, τὸν δὲ ἀληθινὸν Θεὸν τὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ Πατέρα ἐπιγινώσκουσι· καὶ ἡ μὲν τῶν δαιμόνων φαντασία κατήργηται, μόνος δὲ ὁ ὄντως Θεὸς ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ προσκυνεῖται. Τὸ δὲ καὶ ἐν σώματι γενόμε νον τὸν Κύριον καὶ κληθέντα Ἰησοῦν προσκυνεῖ σθαι, πιστεύεσθαί τε αὐτὸν Υἱὸν Θεοῦ, καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ ἐπιγινώσκεσθαι τὸν Πατέρα, δῆλον ἂν εἴη, καθάπερ εἴρηται, ὅτι οὐχ ὁ Λόγος, ᾗ Λόγος ἐστὶν, ἔλαβε τὴν τοιαύτην χάριν, ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τὴν πρὸς τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ συγγένειαν ναὸς Θεοῦ γεγόναμεν καὶ ἡμεῖς, καὶ υἱοὶ Θεοῦ λοιπὸν πεποιήμεθα, ὥστε καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ἤδη προσκυνεῖσθαι τὸν Κύριον, καὶ τοὺς ὁρῶν τας ἀπαγγέλλειν, ὡς ὁ Ἀπόστολος εἴρηκεν, ὅτι ὄντως ὁ Θεὸς ἐν τούτοις ἐστί· καθάπερ καὶ ὁ Ἰωάννης ἐν μὲν τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ φησίν· Ὅσοι δὲ ἔλαβον αὐτὸν, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τέκνα Θεοῦ γενέ σθαι· ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἐπιστολῇ γράφει· Ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκομεν, ὅτι μένει ἐν ὑμῖν, ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐ τοῦ, οὗ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν. Γνώρισμα δέ ἐστι καὶ τοῦτο τῆς εἰς ἡμᾶς παρ' αὐτοῦ γενομένης ἀγαθότητος, ὅτι ἡμεῖς μὲν ὑψώθημεν, διὰ τὸ ἐν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὸν ὕψι στον Κύριον, καὶ δι' ἡμᾶς ἡ χάρις δίδοται, διὰ τὸ γενέσθαι ὡς ἡμᾶς ἄνθρωπον τὸν χορηγοῦντα τὴν χάριν Κύριον· αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Σωτὴρ ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτὸν ἐν τῷ λαβεῖν τὸ ταπεινὸν ἡμῶν σῶμα· δούλου τε μορφὴν ἔλαβεν, ἐνδυσάμενος τὴν δουλωθεῖσαν σάρκα τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ. Καὶ αὐτὸς μὲν οὐδὲν παρ' ἡμῶν εἰς βελτίωσιν ἔσχηκεν· ἀνενδεὴς γάρ ἐστι καὶ πλήρης ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγος· ἡμεῖς δὲ παρ' αὐτοῦ μᾶλ λον ἐβελτιώθημεν. Αὐτὸς γάρ ἐστι τὸ φῶς, ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον. Καὶ μάτην ἐπερείδονται οἱ Ἀρειανοὶ τῷ, διὸ, συνδέσμῳ, διὰ τὸ λέγειν τὸν Παῦλον· ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ὑπερ ύψωσεν. Οὐ γὰρ ἆθλον ἀρετῆς, οὐδὲ βελτίωσιν προκοπῆς αὐτοῦ σημαίνων ἔλεγεν, ἀλλὰ τὸ αἴτιον τῆς εἰς ἡμᾶς γενομένης ὑψώσεως. Τί δὲ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἢ τὸν ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχοντα, καὶ εὐγενοῦς Πατρὸς Υἱὸν, ταπεινῶσαι ἑαυτὸν καὶ δοῦλον ἀνθ' ἡμῶν καὶ ὑπὲρ, ἡμῶν γενέσθαι; Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἄνθρωπος ὁ Κύριος ἐγεγόνει, οὐκ ἂν ἡμεῖς ἀπὸ ἁμαρτιῶν λυτρωθέντες ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀνέστημεν, ἀλλ' ἐμένομεν ὑπὸ γῆν νεκροί· οὐδ' ἂν ὑψώθημεν εἰς οὐρανοὺς, ἀλλ' ἐκείμεθα ἐν τῷ ᾅδῃ. ∆ι' ἡμᾶς ἄρα καὶ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐστι τὸ λεγόμενον ὑπερύψωσε, καὶ, ἐχαρίσατο. Τοιαύτην μὲν οὖν ἡγοῦμαι τὴν διάνοιαν τοῦ ῥητοῦ καὶ μάλα ἐκκλησιαστικὴν οὖσαν. Καὶ δεύτερον δὲ ὅμως τις ἐπιχειρήσειεν εἰς τὸ ῥητὸν, ἐκ παραλλή λου λέγων τὰ αὐτά· ὅτι οὐ τὸν Λόγον αὐτὸν, ᾗ Λόγος ἐστὶν, ὑψοῦσθαι σημαίνει· ἔστι γὰρ, ὡς προείρηται μικρῷ πρόσθεν, ὕψιστος καὶ ὅμοιος ὢν τῷ Πα τρί· ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ἐνανθρώπησιν αὐτοῦ τῆς ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστάσεώς ἐστι δηλωτικὸν τὸ ῥητόν. Λέγων γοῦν, ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτὸν μέχρι θανάτου, εὐθὺς ἐπ ήγαγε τὸ, διὰ τοῦτο ὑπερύψωσε· δεῖξαι θέλων, ὅτι, εἰ καὶ ὡς ἄνθρωπος λέγεται τεθνηκέναι, ἀλλ' ὡς ζωὴ ὢν ὑψώθη τῇ ἀναστάσει· Ὁ γὰρ καταβὰς, αὐτός ἐστι καὶ ὁ ἀναστάς. Κατέβη γὰρ σωματικῶς· ἀνέστη δὲ, ὅτι Θεὸς ἦν αὐτὸς ἐν σώματι. Καὶ τοῦτο πάλιν ἐστὶν οὗ χάριν ἐπήγαγε τῇ διανοίᾳ ταύτῃ τὸν, διὸ, σύνδεσμον, οὐ μισθὸν ἀρετῆς οὐδὲ προκο πῆς, ἀλλ' αἰτίας δηλωτικὸν, δι' ἣν ἡ ἀνάστασις γέ γονε· καὶ δι' ἣν αἰτίαν οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι ἄνθρωποι ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ καὶ μέχρι νῦν ἀπέθανον καὶ ἔμειναν νε κροὶ, οὗτος δὲ μόνος ὁλόκληρος ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀνέστη. Ἡ δὲ αἰτία αὕτη ἐστὶν, ἣν αὐτὸς προείρηκεν, ὅτι, Θεὸς ὢν, ἄνθρωπος γέγονεν. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἄλλοι πάντες ἄνθρωποι μόνον ἐξ Ἀδὰμ ὄντες ἀπέθανον, καὶ τὸν θάνατον εἶχον βασιλεύοντα κατ' αὐτῶν· οὗτος δὲ ὁ δεύτερος ἄνθρωπος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἐστιν· ὁ γὰρ Λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο. Καὶ λέγεται ὁ τοιοῦτος ἄνθρω πος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἐπουράνιος, διὰ τὸ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβεβηκέναι τὸν Λόγον· διὸ οὐδὲ κεκράτηται ὑπὸ τοῦ θανάτου. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτὸν, συγχωρήσας μέχρι θανάτου φθάσαι τὸ ἴδιον ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα, διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸ δεκτικὸν θανάτου· ἀλλ' ἐκ γῆς ὑπερυψώθη, διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐν σώματι Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἴσον γοῦν ἐστι τὸ ἐνταῦθα λεγόμενον· ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ὑπερύψωσε· τῷ λεγομένῳ ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι παρὰ τοῦ Πέτρου· Ὃν ὁ Θεὸς ἀνέστησε, λύσας τὰς ὠδῖνας τοῦ θανάτου, καθότι οὐκ ἦν δυνατὸν κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ. Ὡς γὰρ παρὰ τῷ Παύλῳ γέγραπται· Ἐπειδὴ, ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὢν, γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτὸν μέχρι θανάτου, διὸ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ὑπερύψωσεν αὐτόν· οὕτως καὶ παρὰ τοῦ Πέτρου λέγεται· Ὅτι, ἐπειδὴ Θεὸς ὢν γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος, τὰ δὲ σημεῖα καὶ τὰ τέρατα ἀπέδειξεν αὐτὸν καὶ τοῖς ὁρῶσι Θεόν· διὰ τοῦτο δυνατὸν οὐκ ἦν κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ θα νάτου. Ἀνθρώπῳ δὲ δυνατὸν οὐκ ἦν τοῦτο κατορθῶσαι· ἴδιον γὰρ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὁ θάνατος· διὰ τοῦτο Θεὸς ὢν ὁ Λόγος γέγονε σὰρξ, ἵνα, θανατω θεὶς σαρκὶ, ζωοποιήσῃ πάντας τῇ ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμει. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ αὐτὸς λέγεται ὑψῶσθαι, καὶ ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς αὐτῷ ἐχαρίσατο, καὶ νομίζουσιν οἱ αἱρετικοὶ ἐλάττωμα εἶναι ἢ πάθος τῆς τοῦ Λόγου οὐσίας, ἀναγκαῖον εἰπεῖν πῶς καὶ ταῦτα λέγεται. Ὑψῶσθαι γὰρ λέγεται αὐτὸς ἀπὸ τῶν κατωτέρων μερῶν τῆς γῆς, ἐπεὶ καὶ αὐτοῦ λέγεται ὁ θάνατος εἶναι. Αὐτοῦ δὲ λέγεται ἀμφότερα, ἐπειδὴ αὐτοῦ ἦν, καὶ οὐχ ἑτέρου σῶμα τὸ ὑψωθὲν ἀπό τε τῶν νεκρῶν καὶ εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀναληφθέν. Αὐτοῦ δὲ πάλιν ὄντος τοῦ σώματος, καὶ οὐκ ὄντος ἐκτὸς αὐτοῦ τοῦ Λόγου, εἰκότως ὑψουμένου τοῦ σώματος, αὐτὸς ὡς ἄνθρωπος, διὰ τὸ σῶμα ὑψοῦσθαι λέγεται. Εἰ μὲν οὖν οὐ γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος, μὴ λεγέσθω περὶ αὐτοῦ ταῦτα· εἰ δὲ ὁ Λόγος γέγονε σὰρξ, ἀνάγκη ὡς περὶ ἀνθρώπου λέγε σθαι αὐτοῦ τήν τε ἀνάστασιν καὶ τὴν ὕψωσιν, ἵν' ὁ μὲν θάνατος λεγόμενος αὐτοῦ λύτρον ᾖ τῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἁμαρτίας καὶ κατάργησις τοῦ θανάτου· ἡ δὲ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ὕψωσις βεβαία δι' αὐτὸν εἰς ἡμᾶς διαμένῃ. Ἐπ' ἀμφοτέρων δὲ εἴρηκεν· Ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ὑπερύψωσε, καὶ, ὁ Θεὸς αὐτῷ ἐχαρίσατο· ἵνα καὶ ἐκ τούτου δείξῃ πάλιν, ὅτι μὴ ὁ Πατήρ ἐστιν ὁ γενόμενος σὰρξ, ἀλλ' ὁ τούτου Λόγος ἐστὶν ὁ γενόμενος ἄνθρωπος, ὁ λαμβάνων ἀνθρωπίνως παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ ὑψούμενος παρ' αὐτοῦ, ὥσπερ εἴρη ται. ∆ῆλον δὲ, καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἀμφιβάλοι τις, ὅτι ἃ δίδωσιν ὁ Πατὴρ, διὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ δίδωσι. Καὶ ἔστι παράδοξον καὶ ἐκπλῆξαι δυνάμενον ἀληθῶς· ἣν γὰρ δίδωσιν ὁ Υἱὸς παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς χάριν, ταύτην αὐτὸς ὁ Υἱὸς λέγεται δέχεσθαι· καὶ τὴν ὕψωσιν, ἣν ὁ Υἱὸς παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ποιεῖ, ταύτην ὡς αὐτὸς ὑψούμενός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱός. Αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ ὢν τοῦ Θεοῦ Υἱὸς, αὐτὸς γέγονε καὶ Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου· καὶ ὡς μὲν Λόγος, τὰ παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς δίδωσι· πάντα γὰρ, ἃ ποιεῖ καὶ δίδωσιν ὁ Πατὴρ, δι' αὐτοῦ ποιεῖ τε καὶ παρέχει· ὡς δὲ Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, αὐτὸς ἀνθρωπίνως λέγεται τὰ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ δέχεσθαι, διὰ τὸ μὴ ἑτέρου, ἀλλ' αὐτοῦ εἶναι τὸ σῶμα, τὸ φύσιν ἔχον τοῦ δέχεσθαι τὴν χάριν, καθάπερ εἴρηται. Ἐλάμβανε γὰρ κατὰ τὸ ὑψοῦσθαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον. Ὕψωσις δὲ ἦν τὸ θεοποιεῖσθαι αὐτόν. Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Λόγος εἶχεν ἀεὶ τοῦτο κατὰ τὴν πατρικὴν ἑαυτοῦ θεότητα καὶ τελειότητα.