Oration XL. The Oration on Holy Baptism.

 I.  Yesterday we kept high Festival on the illustrious Day of the Holy Lights for it was fitting that rejoicings should be kept for our Salvation, an

 II.  The Word recognizes three Births for us namely, the natural birth, that of Baptism, and that of the Resurrection.  Of these the first is by nigh

 III.  Concerning two of these births, the first and the last, we have not to speak on the present occasion.  Let us discourse upon the second, which i

 IV.  And as Christ the Giver of it is called by many various names, so too is this Gift, whether it is from the exceeding gladness of its nature (as t

 V.  God is Light:   the highest, the unapproachable, the ineffable, That can neither be conceived in the mind nor uttered with the lips,

 VI.  Light was also the firstborn commandment given to the firstborn man (for the commandment of the Law is a lamp and a light and again, Because Thy

 VII.  For since to be utterly sinless belongs to God, and to the first and uncompounded nature (for simplicity is peaceful, and not subject to dissens

 VIII.  And since we are double-made, I mean of body and soul, and the one part is visible, the other invisible, so the cleansing also is twofold, by w

 IX.  For it is a strange thing to substitute for a painless remedy one which is more painful to cast away the grace of mercy, and owe a debt of punis

 X.  If after baptism the persecutor and tempter of the light assail you (for he assailed even the Word my God through the veil, the hidden Light throu

 XI.  Let us then be baptized that we may win the victory let us partake of the cleansing waters, more purifying than hyssop, purer than the legal blo

 XII.  Why wait for a fever to bring you this blessing, and refuse it from God?  Why will you have it through lapse of time, and not through reason?  W

 XIII.  I know of three classes among the saved the slaves, the hired servants, the sons.  If you are a slave, be afraid of the whip if you are a hir

 XIV.  Sow in good season, and gather together, and open thy barns when it is the time to do so and plant in season, and let the clusters be cut when

 XV.  But if you would fortify yourself beforehand with the Seal, and secure yourself for the future with the best and strongest of all aids, being sig

 XVI.  But are you afraid lest you should destroy the Gift, and do you therefore put off your cleansing, because you cannot have it a second time?  Wha

 XVII.  Art thou young? stand against thy passions be numbered with the alliance in the army of God:   do valiantly against Goliath.

 XVIII.  What more?  Are you living in Virginity?  Be sealed by this purification make this the sharer and companion of your life.  Let this direct yo

 XIX.  But you have to live in the midst of public affairs, and are stained by them and it would be a terrible thing to waste this mercy.  The answer

 XX.  But some will say, What shall I gain, if, when I am preoccupied by baptism, and have cut off myself by my haste from the pleasures of life, when

 XXI.  But supposing that the Parable does sketch the power of the font according to your interpretation, what would prevent you, if you entered first,

 XXII.  But then, you say, is not God merciful, and since He knows our thoughts and searches out our desires, will He not take the desire of Baptism in

 XXIII.  And so also in those who fail to receive the Gift, some are altogether animal or bestial, according as they are either foolish or wicked and

 XXIV.  Therefore since you have heard these words, come forward to it, and be enlightened, and your faces shall not be ashamed through missing the Gra

 XXV.  Take my advice, my friend, and be slow to do evil, but swift to your salvation for readiness to evil and tardiness to good are equally bad.  If

 XXVI.  Let nothing hinder you from going on, nor draw you away from your readiness.  While your desire is still vehement, seize upon that which you de

 XXVII.  Do not disdain to be baptized with a poor man, if you are rich or if you are noble, with one who is lowborn or if you are a master, with one

 XXVIII.  Be it so, some will say, in the case of those who ask for Baptism what have you to say about those who are still children, and conscious nei

 XXIX.  But, one says, Christ was thirty years old when He was baptized, and that although He was God and do you bid us hurry our Baptism?—You have so

 XXX.  But for you, what necessity is there that by following the examples which are far above you, you should do a thing so ill-advised for yourself? 

 XXXI.  If then you will listen to me, you will bid a long farewell to all such arguments, and you will jump at this Blessing, and begin to struggle in

 XXXII.  Let the laver be not for your body only, but also for the image of God in you not merely a washing away of sins in you, but also a correction

 XXXIII.  What say I then, and what is my argument?  Yesterday you were a Canaanite soul bent together by sin today you have been made straight by the

 XXXIV.  If you were full of leprosy, that shapeless evil, yet you scraped off the evil matter, and received again the Image whole.  Shew your cleansin

 XXXV.  How shall this be?  Remember always the parable, and so will you best and most perfectly help yourself.  The unclean and malignant spirit is go

 XXXVI.  I will remind you again about Illuminations, and that often, and will reckon them up from Holy Scripture.  For I myself shall be happier for r

 XXXVII.  And as I know of two kinds of fire, so also do I of light.  The one is the light of our ruling power directing our steps according to the wil

 XXXVIII.  Let us cleanse every member, Brethren, let us purify every sense let nothing in us be imperfect or of our first birth let us leave nothing

 XXXIX.  And in addition to what has been said, it is good with our head cleansed, as the head which is the workshop of the senses is cleansed, to hold

 XL.  And what of the loins, or reins, for we must not pass these over?  Let the purification take hold of these also.  Let our loins be girded about a

 XLI.  Besides all this and before all, keep I pray you the good deposit, by which I live and work, and which I desire to have as the companion of my d

 XLII.  Do you fear to speak of Generation lest you should attribute aught of passion to the impassible God?  I on the other hand fear to speak of Crea

 XLIII.  I should like to call the Father the greater, because from him flows both the Equality and the Being of the Equals (this will be granted on al

 XLIV.  What need have I any more of speech?  It is the time for teaching, not for controversy.  I protest before God and the elect Angels, be thou bap

 XLV.  But not yet perhaps is there formed upon your soul any writing good or bad and you want to be written upon today, and formed by us unto perfect

 XLVI.  But one thing more I preach unto you.  The Station in which you shall presently stand after your Baptism before the Great Sanctuary is a forety

XI.  Let us then be baptized that we may win the victory; let us partake of the cleansing waters, more purifying than hyssop, purer than the legal blood, more sacred than the ashes of the heifer sprinkling the unclean,35    Heb. x. 4. and providing a temporary cleansing of the body, but not a complete taking away of sin; for if once purged, why should they need further purification?  Let us be baptized today, that we suffer not violence36    There is here an untranslatable play upon words. to-morrow; and let us not put off the blessing as if it were an injury, nor wait till we get more wicked that more may be forgiven us; and let us not become sellers and traffickers of Christ, lest we become more heavily burdened than we are able to bear, that we be not sunk with all hands37    Again a play upon words.  Βαπτἰζεσθαι is sometimes used in the sense of to be drowned.  The word primarily means to Immerse, and this of course, when applied to a ship, is to sink her.  The practice of immersion in Holy Baptism was undoubtedly universal in the primitive ages, except where in cases of necessity persons were baptized in sickness, or in prison under sentence of death; and in such cases this “Clinic” Baptism, though recognized as valid, and therefore not to be repeated, was viewed as irregular, and disqualified its recipient from subsequently receiving Holy Orders.  Affusion was gradually allowed, probably for climatic reasons, to become the prevailing practice of the West, though immersion predominated as late as the Twelfth Century.  It is, however, a remarkable fact that the Didache, a Manual of instruction which some date within the lifetime of the Apostles, and nearly all are agreed in placing not later than the early years of the Second Century, expressly permits affusion, without any hint of irregularity, or mention of any circumstance of necessity except scarcity of water. and make shipwreck of the Gift, and lose all because we expected too much.  While thou art still master of thy thoughts run to the Gift.  While thou art not yet sick in body or in mind, nor seemest so to those who are with thee (though thou art really of sound mind); while thy good is not yet in the power of others, but thou thyself art still master of it; while thy tongue is not stammering or parched, or (to say no more) deprived of the power of pronouncing the sacramental words; while thou canst still be made one of the faithful, not conjecturally but confessedly; and canst still receive not pity but congratulation; while the Gift is still clear to thee, and there is no doubt about it; while the grace can reach the depth of thy soul, and it is not merely thy body that is washed for burial; and before tears surround thee announcing thy decease—and even these restrained perhaps for thy sake—and thy wife and children would delay thy departure, and are listening for thy dying words; before the physician is powerless to help thee, and is giving thee but hours to live—hours which are not his to give—and is balancing thy salvation with the nod of his head, and discoursing learnedly on thy disease after thou art dead, or making his charges heavier by withdrawals, or hinting at despair; before there is a struggle between the man who would baptize thee and the man who seeks thy money, the one striving that thou mayest receive thy Viaticum, the other that he may be inscribed in thy Will as heir—and there is no time for both.

ΙΑʹ. Βαπτισθῶμεν οὖν, ἵνα νικήσωμεν: μετάσχωμεν καθαρσίων ὑδάτων, ὑσσώπου ῥυπτικωτέρων, αἵματος νομικοῦ καθαρωτέρων, σποδοῦ δαμάλεως ἱερωτέρων, ῥαντιζούσης τοὺς κεκοινωμένους, καὶ πρόσκαιρον ἐχούσης σώματος κάθαρσιν, οὐ παντελῆ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἀναίρεσιν. Τί γὰρ ἔδει καθαίρεσθαι τοὺς ἅπαξ κεκαθαρμένους; Βαπτισθῶμεν σήμερον, ἵνα μὴ αὔριον βιασθῶμεν. Καὶ μὴ ἀναβαλώμεθα τὴν εὐεργεσίαν, ὡς ἀδικίαν: μηδὲ ἀναμείνωμεν πλεῖον γενέσθαι κακοὶ, ἵνα πλεῖον συγχωρηθῶμεν: μηδὲ γενώμεθα Χριστοκάπηλοι καὶ Χριστέμποροι: μηδὲ φορτισθῶμεν πλέον ἢ δυνάμεθα φέρειν, ἵνα μὴ αὐτάνδρῳ τῇ νηὶ βαπτισθῶμεν, καὶ τὸ χάρισμα ναυαγήσωμεν, ἀνθ' ὧν τὸ πλεῖον ἠλπίσαμεν, τὸ πᾶν ἀπολέσαντες. Ἕως ἔτι τῶν λογισμῶν κύριος εἶ πρόσδραμε τῷ δωρήματι: ἕως οὔπω νοσεῖς καὶ τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὴν διάνοιαν, ἢ δοκεῖς οὕτω τοῖς παροῦσι, κἂν σωφρονῇς: ἕως οὐκ ἐπ' ἄλλοις κεῖται τὸ σὸν ἀγαθὸν, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς εἶ τούτου κύριος: ἕως οὐ παράφορος ἡ γλῶσσα, οὐδὲ κατεψυγμένη, οὐδὲ ζημιοῦται, ἵνα μὴ πλεῖόν τι λέγω, τὰ τῆς μυσταγωγίας ῥήματα: ἕως δύνασαι γενέσθαι πιστὸς, οὐκ εἰκαζόμενος, ἀλλ' ὁμολογούμενος: οὐκ ἐλεούμενος, ἀλλὰ μακαριζόμενος: ἕως δῆλόν σοι τὸ δῶρον, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀμφίβολον: καὶ τοῦ βάθους ἡ χάρις ἅπτεται, ἀλλ' οὐ τὸ σῶμα ἐπιτάφια λούεται: ἕως οὐ δάκρυα περὶ σὲ τῆς ἐξόδου μηνύματα, καὶ ταῦτα εἰς σὴν χάριν τυχὸν ἐπεχόμενα, καὶ γυνὴ, καὶ παῖδες τὴν ἐκδημίαν μεθέλκοντες, καὶ ζητοῦντες ἐξόδια ῥήματα: ἕως οὐκ ἰατρὸς ἄτεχνος περὶ σὲ, ὥρας σοι χαριζόμενος, ὧν οὐκ ἔστι κύριος, καὶ νεύματι ταλαντεύων τὴν σωτηρίαν, καὶ φιλοσοφῶν περὶ τῆς νόσου μετὰ τὸν θάνατον, ἢ τοὺς μισθοὺς βαρύνων ταῖς ὑποχωρήσεσιν, ἢ τὴν ἀπόγνωσιν αἰνιττόμενος: ἕως οὐ μάχη βαπτιστοῦ καὶ χρηματιστοῦ, τοῦ μὲν, ὅπως ἐφοδιάσῃ φιλονεικοῦντος, τοῦ δὲ, ὅπως γραφῇ κληρονόμος, ἀμφότερα τοῦ καιροῦ μὴ συγχωροῦντος.