13

for which Egypt was condemned because of the greed of its ruler. 3.3.6 Elsewhere again I learned the end of sin is leprosy suddenly poured out upon the greedy man. And recall along with me, if anyone is a lover of history and a hearer of the deeds of Elisha, how Naaman the Syrian was cleansed of leprosy by washing in the Jordan, but how the affliction passed to Gehazi the servant, a greedy and unwise young man, who sold a spiritual gift and the unpaid-for healing of his master. 3.3.7 From what cause did Absalom become a patricide, the inflamed and insolent young son of a gentle father? Was it not from seeking the inheritance of the kingdom before its time, and leaping upon what belonged to others like a robber? And again Judas, what cast him out from the list of the disciples, and made him a traitor instead of an apostle? Was it not first his pilfering from the treasury, then the acquisition of the dishonorable price? Why do the Acts of the Apostles make a tragedy of Ananias and Sapphira? Was it not because they became thieves of their own property and sacrilegious robbers of their own votive offerings? 3.3.8 The day will probably fail me as I enumerate the servants of greed. But leaving ancient history, let us examine the experience that accompanies life; what a beast it knows greed to be, and how hard to be rid of for those it has seized, always flourishing and not withering, but growing old with those it has captured and remaining with them to the end. 3.4.1 The lustful man and lover of bodies, even if he rages for a long time in his desires, finds a cessation of his disease, either by coming himself to old age or by seeing the object of his desire grown old and having lost its bloom. The glutton also departs from his love of pleasure, either when satiety has filled him or when his digestive organs have grown weak and have stopped his intense craving. The lover of glory, after boasting in many displays of splendor, ceases from his vanity. 3.4.2 But the disease of greed is an evil hard to be rid of; and just as this ivy, the flourishing and evergreen plant, creeping up the trees that have grown beside it, twines itself tightly around the wood it has grasped, and departs neither when they are suffering nor when they are withered, unless someone cuts through its coils with iron as if it were a serpent, so too it is not easy to free such a person's soul, whether the body is young or even beginning to wither, unless some sober reasoning comes upon it and cuts through the disease like a sword. 3.5.1 The greedy man is unpleasant to his own family, burdensome to his servants, useless to his friends, difficult to approach for strangers, annoying to his neighbors, a wretched partner for his wife, a stingy and miserly provider for his children, a bad overseer of himself, worrying by night, preoccupied by day, talking to himself like those who are out of their minds or delirious; abounding in all things and groaning as if in need, not enjoying what he has and seeking what he does not have, not using what is his own, but looking with envy upon what belongs to others. 3.5.2 The flock of such a man has many sheep, crowding the pens in which it is shut up, covering the plains on which it grazes; and if a well-fleshed sheep of a neighbor is seen, leaving his own flock, he sits by the one that belongs to another with desire. The same with oxen, likewise with horses, no differently with land. All things cram his house, and nothing is in use; for it is not possible for the insatiable man to enjoy things, but his house is like a tomb. For behold, tombs are also often full of silver and gold, but the materials do not have those who use them. The body is not nourished, no profit for the soul is found; for almsgiving does not flow prosperously from his right hand. 3.5.3 What is the end of this toil? Let one of those who have been preoccupied with this disease teach me. But I know many, having become acquainted with them through experience, who even in sickness love their possessions more than their health; and if the physician suggests a method of treatment through some cheap substance, such as celery or thyme or dill, the plentiful supply of which is inexpensive, they obey the advice readily; but if mention is made of some drug of the kind that are various

13

ἣν Αἴγυπτος κατεδικάσθη διὰ τὴν πλεονεξίαν τοῦ ἄρχοντος. 3.3.6 Ἀλλαχοῦ πάλιν τέλος τῆς ἁμαρτίας κατέμαθον λέπραν ἀθρόον τῷ πλεονέκτῃ περιχεθεῖσαν. Καί μοι συνδιαμνημόνευσον, εἴ τις φιλοΐστωρ καὶ τῶν κατορθωμάτων Ἐλισσαίου φιλήκοος, ὅπως μὲν ὁ Σύρος Νεαιμὰν ἐκαθαρίσθη τῆς λέπρας ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ λουσάμενος, ὅπως δὲ μετῆλθεν τὸ πάθος εἰς Γιεζεῖ τὸ παιδάριον, νεάνισκον πλεονέκτην καὶ ἀφιλόσοφον, πνευματικὸν πωλήσαντα χάρισμα καὶ τὴν ἄμισθον ἰατρείαν τοῦ διδασκάλου. 3.3.7 Πόθεν ὁ Ἀβεσσαλὼμ πατραλοίας ἐγένετο, ὁ τοῦ πράου πατρὸς φλεγμαίνων καὶ θρασὺς νεάνισκος; οὐ πρὸ καιροῦ ζητήσας τὴν κληρονομίαν τῆς βασιλείας, ἐπιπηδήσας δὲ ἀλλοτρίοις ὡς ἅρπαξ; Τὸν Ἰούδα δὲ πάλιν, τί τοῦ καταλόγου τῶν μαθητῶν ἐξέβαλεν, ἐποίησεν δὲ προδότην ἀντ' ἀποστόλου; οὐ τὸ γαζοφυλάκιον πρῶτον ῥᾳδιουργούμενον, εἶτα ἡ κτῆσις τῆς ἀτίμου τιμῆς; Ἀνανίαν καὶ Σάπφειραν διὰ τί τραγῳδοῦσιν τῶν ἀποστόλων αἱ Πράξεις; οὐκ ἐπειδὴ τῶν ἰδίων ἐγένοντο κλέπται καὶ τῶν οἰκείων ἀναθημάτων ἱερόσυλοι; 3.3.8 Ἐπιλείψει με τάχα καὶ ἡ ἡμέρα τοὺς τῆς πλεονεξίας ὑπηρέτας ἀπαριθμούμενον. Ἀφέντες δὲ τὴν παλαιὰν ἱστορίαν τὴν πεῖραν ἐξετάσωμεν τὴν παρακο λουθοῦσαν τῷ βίῳ· οἷον οἶδεν θηρίον τὴν πλεονεξίαν καὶ ὧν ἂν λάβηται δυσαπάλλακτον, ἀκμάζον ἀεὶ καὶ οὐ μαραινόμενον, συγγηράσκον δὲ τοῖς ἁλοῦσι καὶ εἰς τέλος συνόν. 3.4.1 Ὁ λάγνος καὶ σωμάτων ἐραστής, κἂν ἐπὶ πολὺ ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις λυσσήσῃ, ἢ αὐτὸς εἰς πρεσβυτικὴν ἡλικίαν ἐλθὼν ἢ τὸ ποθούμενον ἑωρακὼς παλαιωθὲν καὶ τὸ ἄνθος ἀποβαλόν, στάσιν εὑρίσκει τῆς νόσου. Ὁ γαστρί μαργος ἀναχωρεῖ καὶ αὐτὸς τῆς φιληδονίας, ἢ τοῦ κόρου πληρώσαντος ἢ τῶν πεπτικῶν μορίων ἀσθενησάντων καὶ παυσάντων τὴν ἐπιτεταμένην ὄρεξιν. Ὁ φιλοδόξος πολλαῖς ἐγκομπάσας περιφανείαις τοῦ φανητιᾶν ἀπολήγει. 3.4.2 Ἡ δὲ τῆς πλεονεξίας νόσος κακόν ἐστιν δυσαπάλλακτον· καὶ ὥσπερ ὁ κίσσος οὗτος, τὸ εὐθαλὲς φυτὸν καὶ ἀείφυλλον, ἐπὶ τὰ παραπε φυκότα τῶν δένδρων ἀνέρπον ἰσχυρῶς περιελίττεται τοῖς ξύλοις ὧνπερ ἂν δράξηται, καὶ οὔτε πεπονθότων οὔτε ξηρανθέντων ἀναχωρεῖ, εἰ μή τις αὐτοῦ σιδήρῳ καθάπερ δράκοντος διατέμει τοὺς ἑλιγμούς, οὕτως οὐδὲ τοιούτου ψυχὴν ἐλευθερῶσαι ῥᾴδιον, εἴτε νεάζοντος τοῦ σώματος εἴτε καὶ ὑπομαρανθέντος, ἐὰν μή τις νηφάλαιος λογισμὸς ἐπελθὼν ὡς μάχαιρα διακόψῃ τὴν νόσον. 3.5.1 Τοῖς οἰκείοις ὁ πλεονέκτης ἐστὶν ἀηδής, οἰκέταις βαρύς, φίλοις ἄχρηστος, ξένοις δυσέντευκτος, γείτοσιν ὀχληρός, γυναικὶ μοχθηρὸς σύνοικος, παιδῶν φειδωλὸς καὶ μικρολόγος τροφεύς, ἑαυτοῦ κακὸς ἐπιστάτης, νύκτωρ φροντίζων, μεθ' ἡμέραν πεπυκνωμένος, διαλεγόμενος ἑαυτῷ κατὰ τοὺς ἐξεστηκότας ἢ παραφέροντας· πάντων εὐθηνούμενος καὶ στένων ὡς ἐνδεής, τῶν παρόντων οὐκ ἀπολαύων καὶ τὰ ἀπόντα ζητῶν, τοῖς ἰδίοις οὐ κεχρήμενος, ἐποφθαλμιῶν δὲ τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις. 3.5.2 Πολύαρνον τοῦ τοιούτου τὸ ποίμνιον στενοῦν τοὺς σηκοὺς ἐφ' ὧν κατακλείεται, καλύπτον πεδιάδας ἐν αἷς νέμεται· κἂν εὔσαρκον ὀφθῇ τοῦ προσοίκου πρόβατον, ἀφεὶς τὴν ἰδίαν ἀγέλην τῷ ἑνὶ καὶ ἀλλοτρίῳ τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ προσκάθηται. Τὸ αὐτὸ ἐπὶ τῶν βοῶν, ὁμοίως ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων, οὐκ ἄλλως ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Πάντα στενοχωρεῖ τὴν οἰκίαν καὶ οὐδὲν ἐν τῇ χρήσει· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀπολαυστικὸν οἷον τε εἶναι τὸν ἄπληστον, ἀλλ' ἔστιν αὐτοῦ ἡ οἰκία τάφου παραπλησία. Ἰδοὺ γὰρ καὶ οἱ τάφοι γέμουσι πολλάκις ἀργύρου καὶ χρυσοῦ, ἀλλ' αἱ ὕλαι τοὺς χρωμένους οὐκ ἔχουσιν. Τὸ σῶμα οὐ τρέφεται, ψυχῆς οὐκ εὑρίσκεται κέρδος· οὐκ εὐθηνεῖ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς δεξίας ἐλεημοσύνη. 3.5.3 Τί τὸ τέλος τοῦ μόχθου, διδαξάτω μέ τις τῶν ταύτῃ προειλημμένων τῇ νόσῳ. Οἶδα δὲ πολλοὺς ἐγώ, γνωρίσας ἐπὶ τῆς πείρας, ὡς καὶ ἐν νόσοις μᾶλλον τῆς ὑγιείας ἀγαπῶσι τὰ χρήματα· κἂν μὲν ὁ ἰατρὸς διά τινος ὕλης εὐώνου τὸν τῆς θεραπείας εἰσηγήσηται τρόπον, οἷον διὰ σελίνου ἢ θύμου ἢ ἀνήθου, ὧν ἡ εὐπορία ἀδάπανος, εὐπειθῶς τῆς συμβουλῆς ὑπακούοντας· ἂν δέ τινος φαρμάκου γένηται μνήμη τῶν οἷα τὰ ποικίλα