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sends forth the judgment, thus having nothing so much to say as what perception, going before, bears witness to. But if beauty in a body has its being from the symmetry of the parts to one another, and from the pleasing color appearing on it, how in the case of light, which is simple and uniform in its nature, is the principle of beauty preserved? Or is it that for light, symmetry is testified not in its own parts, but in its being painless and pleasing to the sight? For so also gold is beautiful, not from the symmetry of its parts, but from its pleasing color alone, possessing that which is attractive and delightful to the sight. And the evening star is the most beautiful of stars, not because the parts from which it is composed are proportional, but because a certain painless and pleasant radiance from it falls upon the eyes. Then now the judgment of God concerning the beautiful was made, not looking entirely to what is delightful to the sight, but also foreseeing the benefit to come from it hereafter. For eyes did not yet exist to judge the beauty in light. And God divided between the light and between the darkness. That is, God fashioned their nature to be unmixed and set in opposition to one another. For he separated them and made them to stand apart from one another by a very great interval. 2.8 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. Now, therefore, after the creation of the sun, day is the air illuminated by the sun when it is shining in the hemisphere above the earth, and night is the shadow of the earth that comes to be when the sun is hidden. But then, not by the motion of the sun, but by that first-born light being poured forth and again being drawn back according to the measure ordained by God, day came to be, and night succeeded it. And there was evening, and there was morning, one day. Evening, then, is a common boundary of day and night; and morning likewise is the joining of night to day. Therefore, in order that he might give the primacy of creation to the day, he spoke first of the end of the day, then of the night, as night follows day. For the state in the world before the creation of light was not night, but darkness; that, however, which was set in opposition to the day, this was named night, which also obtained its name after the day. So there was evening, and there was morning. He means the space of a day and night. And he no longer named them, day and night, but he assigned the entire name to the dominant part. You would find this custom also throughout all of Scripture, that in the measurement of time days are numbered, but not also nights along with the days. The days of our years, says the Psalmist. And again Jacob, The days of my life are few and evil. And again, All the days of my life. So that the things now handed down in the form of history are a law for what follows. And there was evening, and there was morning, one day. For what reason did he not say "first," but "one"? Although it would have been more consistent for one who was about to add a second and third and fourth day, to have named the one beginning the sequence "first." But he said "one," either defining the measure of a day and night, and joining together the time of the day-and-night period, as the twenty-four hours complete the interval of one day, the night clearly being understood together with the day, so that even if at the solstices of the sun it happens that one of them exceeds the other, yet the intervals of both are certainly contained within the defined time; as if he had said, the measure of twenty-four hours is the interval of one day; or, the return of the heaven from the same point to the same point again takes place in one day; so that however often evening and morning come upon the world according to the revolution of the sun, the cycle is completed not in a longer time, but in the interval of one day. Or more authoritative is the account handed down in secret, that God, who fashioned the nature of time, imposed upon it measures and signs, the intervals of the days, and measuring it by a week, always the week to

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πέμπει τὴν κρίσιν, οὕτως οὐδὲν ἔχων εἰπεῖν τοσοῦτον, ὅσον ἡ αἴσθησις μαρτυρεῖ προλαβοῦσα. Εἰ δὲ τὸ ἐν σώματι καλὸν ἐκ τῆς πρὸς ἄλληλα τῶν μερῶν συμμετρίας, καὶ τῆς ἐπιφαινομένης εὐχροίας, τὸ εἶναι ἔχει, πῶς ἐπὶ τοῦ φωτὸς ἁπλοῦ τὴν φύσιν ὄντος καὶ ὁμοιομεροῦς, ὁ τοῦ καλοῦ διασώζεται λόγος; Ἢ ὅτι τῷ φωτὶ τὸ σύμμετρον οὐκ ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις αὐτοῦ μέρεσιν, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ πρὸς τὴν ὄψιν ἀλύπῳ καὶ προσηνεῖ μαρτυρεῖται; Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ χρυσὸς καλὸς, οὐκ ἐκ τῆς τῶν μερῶν συμμετρίας, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς εὐχροίας μόνης, τὸ ἐπαγωγὸν πρὸς τὴν ὄψιν καὶ τὸ τερπνὸν κεκτη μένος. Καὶ ἕσπερος ἀστέρων κάλλιστος, οὐ διὰ τὸ ἀναλο γοῦντα ἔχειν τὰ μέρη ἐξ ὧν συνέστηκεν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ ἄλυπόν τινα καὶ ἡδεῖαν τὴν ἀπ' αὐτοῦ αὐγὴν ἐμπίπτειν τοῖς ὄμμασιν. Ἔπειτα νῦν ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ κρίσις περὶ τοῦ καλοῦ, οὐ πάντως πρὸς τὸ ἐν ὄψει τερπνὸν ἀποβλέποντος, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τὴν εἰς ὕστερον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ὠφέλειαν προορωμένου γεγένηται. Ὀφθαλμοὶ γὰρ οὔπω ἦσαν κριτικοὶ τοῦ ἐν φωτὶ κάλλους. Καὶ διεχώρισεν ὁ Θεὸς ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ φωτὸς, καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ σκότους. Τουτέστιν, ἄμικτον αὐτῶν τὴν φύσιν καὶ κατ' ἐναντίωσιν ἀντικειμένην ὁ Θεὸς κατεσκεύασε. Πλείστῳ γὰρ τῷ μέσῳ διέστηκεν ἀπ' ἀλλήλων αὐτὰ καὶ διώρισεν. 2.8 Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸ φῶς ἡμέραν, καὶ τὸ σκότος ἐκάλεσε νύκτα. Νῦν μὲν λοιπὸν μετὰ τὴν ἡλίου γένεσιν ἡμέρα ἐστὶν, ὁ ὑπὸ ἡλίου πεφωτισμένος ἀὴρ, ἐν τῷ ὑπὲρ γῆν ἡμισφαιρίῳ λάμποντος, καὶ νὺξ σκίασμα γῆς ἀποκρυπ τομένου ἡλίου γινόμενον. Τότε δὲ οὐ κατὰ κίνησιν ἡλιακὴν, ἀλλ' ἀναχεομένου τοῦ πρωτογόνου φωτὸς ἐκείνου, καὶ πάλιν συστελλομένου κατὰ τὸ ὁρισθὲν μέτρον παρὰ Θεοῦ, ἡμέρα ἐγένετο, καὶ νὺξ ἀντεπῄει. Καὶ ἐγένετο ἑσπέρα, καὶ ἐγένετο πρωῒ, ἡμέρα μία. Ἑσπέρα μὲν οὖν ἐστι κοινὸς ὅρος ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός· καὶ πρωΐα ὁμοίως ἡ γειτονία νυκτὸς πρὸς ἡμέραν. Ἵνα τοίνυν τὰ πρεσβεῖα τῆς γενέσεως ἀποδῷ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, πρότερον εἶπε τὸ πέρας τῆς ἡμέρας, εἶτα τὸ τῆς νυκτὸς, ὡς ἐφεπομένης τῆς νυκτὸς τῇ ἡμέρᾳ. Ἡ γὰρ πρὸ τῆς γενέσεως τοῦ φωτὸς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ κατάστασις, οὐχὶ νὺξ ἦν, ἀλλὰ σκότος· τὸ μέντοι ἀντιδιασταλὲν πρὸς τὴν ἡμέραν, τοῦτο νὺξ ὠνομάσθη· ὅπερ νεωτέρας καὶ τῆς προσηγορίας μετὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τετύχηκεν. Ἐγένετο οὖν ἑσπέρα, καὶ ἐγένετο πρωΐ. Τὸ ἡμερονύκτιον λέγει. Καὶ οὐκέτι προσηγόρευσεν, ἡμέρα καὶ νὺξ, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἐπικρα τοῦντι τὴν πᾶσαν προσηγορίαν ἀπένειμε. Ταύτην ἂν καὶ ἐν πάσῃ τῇ Γραφῇ τὴν συνήθειαν εὕροις, ἐν τῇ τοῦ χρόνου μετρήσει ἡμέρας ἀριθμουμένας, οὐχὶ δὲ καὶ νύκτας μετὰ τῶν ἡμερῶν. Αἱ ἡμέραι τῶν ἐτῶν ἡμῶν, ὁ ψαλμῳδός φησιν. Καὶ πάλιν ὁ Ἰακώβ· Αἱ ἡμέραι τῆς ζωῆς μου μικραὶ καὶ πονηραί. Καὶ πάλιν, Πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς μου. Ὥστε τὰ νῦν ἐν ἱστορίας εἴδει παραδοθέντα νομοθεσία ἐστὶ πρὸς τὰ ἑξῆς. Καὶ ἐγένετο ἑσπέρα, καὶ ἐγένετο πρωῒ, ἡμέρα μία. Τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐκ εἶπε πρώτην, ἀλλὰ μίαν; καίτοιγε ἀκολουθότερον ἦν τὸν μέλλοντα ἐπάγειν δευτέραν καὶ τρίτην καὶ τετάρτην ἡμέραν, τὴν κατάρχουσαν τῶν ἐφεξῆς πρώτην προσαγορεῦσαι. Ἀλλὰ μίαν εἶπεν, ἤτοι τὸ μέτρον ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς περιορίζων, καὶ συνάπτων τοῦ ἡμερονυκτίου τὸν χρόνον, ὡς τῶν εἰκοσιτεσσάρων ὡρῶν μιᾶς ἡμέρας ἐκπληρουσῶν διάστημα, συνυπακουομένης δηλονότι τῇ ἡμέρᾳ καὶ τῆς νυκτὸς, ὥστε κἂν ἐν ταῖς τροπαῖς τοῦ ἡλίου συμβαίνῃ τὴν ἑτέραν αὐτῶν ὑπερβάλλειν, ἀλλὰ τῷ γε ἀφωρισμένῳ χρόνῳ ἐμπεριγράφεσθαι πάντως ἀμφοτέρων τὰ διαστήματα· ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγε, τὸ τῶν τεσσάρων καὶ εἴκοσιν ὡρῶν μέτρον, μιᾶς ἐστιν ἡμέρας διάστημα· ἢ, ἡ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ σημείου ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ πάλιν ἀποκατάστασις ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ γίνεται· ὥστε ὁσάκις ἂν ἑσπέρα καὶ πρωΐα κατὰ τὴν τοῦ ἡλίου περιφορὰν ἐπιλαμβάνῃ τὸν κόσμον, μὴ ἐν πλείονι χρόνῳ, ἀλλ' ἐν μιᾶς ἡμέρας διαστή ματι τὴν περίοδον ἐκπληροῦσθαι. Ἢ κυριώτερος ὁ ἐν ἀπορρήτοις παραδιδόμενος λόγος, ὡς ἄρα ὁ τὴν τοῦ χρόνου φύσιν κατασκευάσας Θεὸς, μέτρα αὐτῷ καὶ σημεῖα τὰ τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐπέβαλε διαστήματα, καὶ ἑβδομάδι αὐτὸν ἐκμετρῶν, ἀεὶ τὴν ἑβδομάδα εἰς