unmixed with wickedness, those partaking of the true Lamb nourish their own soul, throughout the whole weekly age, which is measured by the week. And he calls the first and the seventh holy; for holy is the time in the beginning, in which Adam lived in paradise, and the one at the end of times, which Christ sanctified by His coming Concerning the Passover, and Pentecost, and other feasts. The Passover was a symbol of practical philosophy, which leads across from sin to virtue. But Pentecost was a type of natural contemplation in the spirit, offering to God, like first-fruits of summer, the pious doctrines concerning created things. And the trumpets, a symbol of the incarnation of God proclaimed through the law and the prophets. And the Atonement, a type of the reconciliation of God with men, which the incarnation of God and Savior Christ accomplished. And the Feast of Tabernacles was a prefiguration of the universal resurrection from the dead. Concerning the Sabbath. It was not because God wished the days to be honored by men that he commanded the Sabbath to be honored, and the days of the new moons and the feasts; for so he would have permitted worship of the creation rather than the Crea 77.1209 tor; but he ordained that he Himself be honored symbolically through such days. For He Himself is the Sabbath ....... the rest of the soul from the labors in the body, and the cessation of the toils for righteousness. And the New Moon, as the beginning of the first movement of the virtues. For from Him we have the seeds of these, sown together with our nature. And since the law knows various feasts, God Himself again is the Passover, as the liberator of those held by the bitter slavery of sin, and the passage from sin to virtue, and from darkness to light. Pentecost, as the first-fruits of summer were offered to God*. And the mystical summer are those cultivated through the incarnation of the Savior, of whom He Himself as first-fruit according to his human nature was offered through his life-giving death. And since there was also a feast of trumpets, and of atonement, and of tabernacles, He Himself is again the trumpet, as sounding in us divine knowledge and the revelations of the mysteries; and the atonement, as having become man for our sake, that through Himself He might reconcile us to the Father. And the feast of tabernacles as the pitching of our dissolving tabernacle; for He is truly the life and immortality of our mortal bodies. A mystical summer is the gathering and enjoyment of the more spiritual reasons according to practical philosophy and natural contemplation. The summer of summer is the gathering and collection of the mind towards God after the contemplation of intelligible things, being harvested by the separation from all other things that are after God; and being offered to God alone, by being continually stretched out towards Him alone. Concerning circumcision. The foreskin is natural. And everything natural is a work of divine creation, and for this reason very good. For God saw, it says, all that He had made, and behold, it was very good. Therefore, he who applies himself to the symbols of the law will surely know that God, correcting nature after so many generations, did not legislate that the foreskin be circumcised as something harmful or unclean; but through such circumcision as a symbol He commanded the passionate disposition of the soul to be circumcised. And since the foreskin is an excess of the pleasure-producing member, He commanded that superfluous pleasure be put away; and superfluous pleasure is every sin. Therefore, then, he who bears sin is uncircumcised, even if he is circumcised in the body; but he who has put it away is circumcised, even if the
ἀμιγέσι φαυλότητος, ἀποτρέφειν τὴν ἑαυτῶν ψυχὴν τοὺς μεταλαμβάνοντας τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ Ἀμνοῦ, παρ' ὅλον ἑβδοματικὸν τὸν αἰῶνα, τὸν διὰ τῆς ἑβδομάδος μετρούμενον. Ἁγίαν δὲ τὴν πρώτην καὶ τὴν ἑβδόμην καλεῖ· ἅγιος γὰρ ὁ ἐν ἀρχῇ τε χρόνος, καθ' ὃν ἐν παραδείσῳ διῃτᾶτο Ἀδὰμ, καὶ ὁ ἐπ' ἐσχάτων, ὃν ὁ Χριστὸς ἐπιδημήσας ἡγίασεν Περὶ τοῦ Πάσχα, καὶ τῆς Πεντεκοστῆς, καὶ λοιπῶν ἑορτῶν. Τὸ Πάσχα μὲν σύμβολον ἦν πρακτικῆς φιλοσοφίας, διαβιβαζούσης ἀπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας εἰς τὴν ἀρετήν. Ἡ Πεντηκοστὴ δὲ τύπος ἦν τῆς ἐν πνεύματι φυσικῆς θεωρίας προσφερούσης τῷ Θεῷ καθάπερ ἀπαρχὰς θέρους τὰς περὶ τῶν ὄντων εὐσεβεῖς δόξας. Αἱ δὲ σάλπιγγες, σύμβολον τῆς κηρυττομένης διὰ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν ἐνανθρωπήσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ὁ δὲ Ἱλὲμ, τύπος τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους καταλλαγῆς, ἢν ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος Χριστοῦ κατώρθωσεν ἐνανθρώπησις. Ἡ δὲ Σκηνοπηγία προχάραγμα ἦν τῆς παγκοσμίου ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστάσεως. Περὶ τοῦ Σαββάτου. Οὐ τὰς ἡμέρας τιμᾶσθαι βουλόμενος ὁ Θεὸς ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, προσέταξε τιμᾶσθαι τὸ Σάββατον, καὶ τὰς ἡμέρας τῶν νεομηνιῶν καὶ τῶν ἑορτῶν· οὕτω γὰρ ἂν ἐπέτρεπε λατρεύειν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτί 77.1209 σαντα· ἀλλὰ συμβολικῶς διὰ τῶν τοιούτων ἡμερῶν ἑαυτὸν τιμᾶσθαι ἐνομοτέθησεν. Αὐτὸς γάρ ἐστι Σάββατον ....... τῶν ἐν σώματι μόχθων τῆς ψυχῆς ἀνάπαυσις, καὶ τῶν κατὰ δικαιοσύνην πόνων κατάπαυσις. Νεομηνία δὲ, ὡς ἀρχὴ τῆς πρώτης κινήσεως τῶν ἀρετῶν. Παρ' αὐτοῦ γὰρ ἔχομεν τὰ σπέρματα τούτων, τῇ καθ' ἡμᾶς φύσει συγκαταβεβλημένα. Ἐπεὶ δὲ διαφόρους οἶδε τὰς ἑορτὰς ὁ νόμος, αὐτὸς πάλιν ὁ Θεός ἐστι Πάσχα μὲν, ὡς ἐλευθερωτὴς τῶν τῇ πικρᾷ δουλείᾳ τῆς ἁμαρτίας κεκρατημένων, καὶ διάβασις ἀπὸ ἁμαρτίας εἰς ἀρετὴν, καὶ ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς φῶς. Πεντηκοστὴ, ὡς ἀπαρχὴ θέρους τῷ Θεῷ* προσεφέροντο. Θέρος δὲ μυστικὸν οἱ γεωργούμενοι διὰ τῆς τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἐνανθρωπήσεως, ὧν ἀπαρχὴ αὐτὸς κατὰ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον προσηνέχθη διὰ τοῦ ζωοποιοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ. Ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ σαλπίγγων ἦν ἑορτὴ, καὶ ἱλασμοῦ καὶ σκηνοπηγίας, αὐτὸς αὖθίς ἐστι σάλπιγξ μὲν, ὡς ἐνηχῶν ἡμῖν τὰς θείας γνώσεις καὶ τὰς τῶν μυστηρίων ἀποκαλύψεις· ἱλασμὸς δὲ, ὡς γενόμενος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ἵνα ἡμᾶς δι' ἑαυτοῦ καταλλάξῃ τῷ Πατρί. Σκηνοπηγία δὲ ὡς πῆξις τοῦ διαλυομένου σκήνους ἡμῶν· αὐτὸς γὰρ ὄντως ἡ ζωὴ καὶ ἀθανασία τῶν θνητῶν σωμάτων ἡμῶν. Θέρος ἐστὶ μυστικὸν ἡ τῶν κατὰ τὴν πρακτικὴν φιλοσοφίαν καὶ τὴν φυσικὴν θεωρίαν πνευματικωτέρων λόγων συλλογὴ καὶ ἀπόλαυσις. Θέρος θέρους ἐστὶν ἡ μετὰ τὴν τῶν νοητῶν θεωρίαν συλλογὴ καὶ συναγωγὴ τοῦ νοῦ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, θεριζομένου μὲν τῇ ἀποδιαιρέσει τῶν ἄλλων πάντων ὅσα μετὰ Θεόν· προσφερομένου δὲ μόνῳ τῷ Θεῷ, τῷ πρὸς μόνον αὐτὸν διηνεκῶς ἀνατείνεσθαι. Περὶ περιτομῆς. Φυσικὸν ἡ ἀκροβυστία. Πᾶν δὲ φυσικὸν θείας ἔργον δημιουργίας ἐστὶ, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο λίαν καλόν. Καὶ εἶδε γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ Θεὸς πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησε, καὶ ἰδοὺ καλὰ λίαν. Οὐκοῦν ὁ τοῖς συμβόλοις ἐπιβάλλων τοῦ νόμου, γνώσεται πάντως ὡς οὐ τὴν φύσιν ὁ Θεὸς μετὰ τοσαύτας γενεὰς διορθούμενος, ἐνομοθέτησε περιτέμνεσθαι τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν, ὡς βλαβερὰν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον· ἀλλὰ διὰ τῆς τοιαύτης περιτομῆς ὡς συμβόλου τὴν ἐμπαθῆ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκέλευσε περιτέμνεσθαι διάθεσιν. Καὶ ἐπεὶ ἡ ἀκροβυστία ἡδυντικοῦ μορίου ἐστὶ περίττωμα, τὴν περιττὴν ἡδονὴν ἀποτίθεσθαι προσέταξε· περιττὴ δὲ ἡδονὴ πᾶσα ἁμαρτία. Λοιπὸν οὖν ὁ μὲν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν φέρων, ἀκρόβυστός ἐστιν, εἰ καὶ περιτέμνεται σωματικῶς· ὁ δὲ ταύτην ἀποθέμενος, περιτετμημένος ἐστὶν, εἰ καὶ τὸ