13

of modii they have; but the Paphians and the Sicilians measure it as four and a half modii. It is called *satos*, having been taken from Hebrew itself, pronounced as feminine, but in Greek as neuter. For we say *saton* and not *satos*. It is a heaped-up modius, such that the modius is filled, and the excess from the heaping is a quarter of the modius. It is called *sa'a* pronounced according to the same dialect, meaning a taking or a lifting, from the fact that the one measuring takes and lifts the measure with a certain motion. The name of the modius was found by the Hebrews with much precision to be twenty-two *xestai*, not simply nor by chance, but through great precision. I mean the just modius, as the law is accustomed to say, according to the holy measure. For there are twenty-two works, O most excellent lover of good, from the beginning until the seventh day, which are these. On the first day, the higher heavens, the earth, the waters from which are snow and crystal and hail and frosts and dew, the spirits that minister before him which are these: angels of the presence and angels of glory and angels of the blowing winds, angels of clouds and darkness and snow and hail and ice, angels of voices, thunders and lightnings, angels of cold and heat, of winter and autumn and spring and summer and of all the spirits of his creations that are in the heavens and on the earth, the abysses, both that beneath the earth and of chaos, the darkness upon the abyss of the waters that were once upon the earth, from which darkness, evening and night, the light of day and of dawn. These seven greatest works God made on the first day. On the second, the firmament in the midst of the waters. On that day the waters were divided; half of them went up above the firmament and half of them remained below the firmament in the midst upon the face of all the earth. This alone God made on the second day. On the third day, the seas, the rivers, the springs and the lakes, the seeds for sowing and the sprouts, trees both fruitful and unfruitful and the forests. These four greatest works God made on the third day. On the fourth day, the sun, the moon, the stars.

These three great works God made on the fourth day. On the fifth day, the great sea monsters, the fish and the other creeping things that are in the waters, the winged birds. These three great works God made on the fifth day. On the sixth day, the wild beasts, the cattle, the creeping things of the earth, man. These four great works God made on the sixth day. And all became twenty-two kinds in the 6 days. «And he finished all his works on the sixth day», as many as are in the heavens and on the earth, in the seas and in the abysses, in the light and in the darkness and in all things. And God rested from all his works on the seventh day and blessed it and hallowed it. And he declared through an angel to Moses that there are also twenty-two heads from Adam until Jacob who is also Israel, saying «and I will choose for myself from his seed a special people from all the nations». And the heads, which are generations, concerning which the Lord spoke, are these: Adam, Seth, Enos, Cainan, Maleleel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, Noah, Shem, Arphaxad, Salah, Eber, Peleg, Reu for Cainan ... the book of numbers, Serug, Nahor, Terah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob who is also Israel, altogether twenty-two generations For which reason there are also twenty-two letters among the Hebrews, which are these: aleph, beth, gimel, deled, he, ouau, zeth, heth, teth, ioth, chaph, lamed, mem, nun, samech, ain, phe, sade, koph, res, sin, thau. Wherefore also

13

μοδίων ἔχουσι· Πάφιοι δὲ καὶ Σικελοὶ τεσσάρων ἥμισυ μοδίων αὐτὸν μετροῦσι. Σάτος καλεῖται ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς ἑβραΐδος διαληφθέν, θηλυκῶς δὲ ἐκφωνούμενον, ἐν δὲ τῇ ἑλληνίδι οὐδετέρως. Σάτον γὰρ λέγομεν καὶ οὐχὶ σάτος. Ἔστι δὲ μόδιος ὑπέργομος, ὥστε πληροῦσθαι μὲν τὸν μόδιον, διὰ δὲ τοῦ ὑπεργίνεσθαι τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ μοδίου. Κέκληται δὲ σάα κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν διάλεκτον ἐκφωνούμενον λῆψις ἢ ἄρσις, ἀπὸ τοῦ τὸν μετροῦντα ἕξει τινὶ τὸ μέτρον λαμβάνειν τε καὶ κουφίζειν. Τοῦ δὲ μοδίου τὸ ὄνομα διὰ πολλῆς ἀκριβείας ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑβραίων εὑρέθη εἴκοσι δύο ξεστῶν ὑπάρχον, οὐχ ἁπλῶς δέ, οὐδ' ὡς ἔτυχεν, ἀλλὰ διὰ πολλὴν ἀκρίβειαν. Φημὶ δὲ ὁ δίκαιος μόδιος, καθὼς εἴωθεν ὁ νόμος λέγειν, κατὰ τὸ μέτρον τὸ ἅγιον. Εἴκοσι δύο γὰρ ἔργα, ὦ φιλοκαλώτατε, ἀπ' ἀρχῆς ἄχρι τῆς ἑβδόμης ἡμέρας, ἅτινά ἐστι τάδε. Τῇ πρώτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τοὺς οὐρανοὺς τοὺς ἀνωτέρους, τὴν γῆν, τὰ ὕδατα ἐξ ὧν ἐστι χιὼν καὶ κρύσταλλος καὶ χάλαζα καὶ παγετοὶ καὶ δρόσος, τὰ πνεύματα τὰ λειτουργοῦντα ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἅτινά ἐστι τάδε· ἄγγελοι πρὸ προσώπου καὶ ἄγγελοι τῆς δόξης καὶ ἄγγελοι πνευμάτων πνεόντων, ἄγγελοι νεφελῶν καὶ γνόφων καὶ χιόνος καὶ χαλάζης καὶ πάγου, ἄγγελοι φωνῶν, βροντῶν καὶ ἀστραπῶν, ἄγγελοι ψύχους καὶ καύματος, χειμῶνος καὶ φθινοπώρου καὶ ἔαρος καὶ θέρους καὶ πάντων τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν κτισμάτων αὐτοῦ τῶν ἐν οὐρανοῖς καὶ ἐν τῇ γῇ, τὰς ἀβύσσους, τήν τε ὑποκάτω τῆς γῆς καὶ τοῦ χάους, τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐπάνω τῆς ἀβύσσου τῶν ὑδάτων τῶν ποτε ἐπάνω τῆς γῆς, ἐξ οὗ περ σκότος, ἑσπέρα καὶ νύξ, τὸ φῶς ἡμέρας τε καὶ ὄρθρου. Ταῦτα τὰ ἑπτὰ μέγιστα ἔργα ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. Ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ τὸ στερέωμα τὸ ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ὑδάτων. Ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐμερίσθη τὰ ὕδατα· τὸ ἥμισυ αὐτῶν ἀνέβη ἐπάνω τοῦ στερεώματος καὶ τὸ ἥμισυ αὐτῶν ἔμεινεν ὑποκάτω τοῦ στερεώματος ἐν μέσῳ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς. Τοῦτο μόνον ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἡμέρᾳ. Τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τὰς θαλάσσας, τοὺς ποταμούς, τὰς πηγὰς καὶ τὰς λίμνας, τὰ σπέρματα τοῦ σπόρου καὶ τὰ βλαστήματα, τὰ ξύλα κάρπιμά τε καὶ ἄκαρπα καὶ τοὺς δρυμούς. Ταῦτα τὰ τέσσαρα ἔργα τὰ μέγιστα ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. Τῇ τετάρτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τὸν ἥλιον, τὴν σελήνην, τοὺς ἀστέρας.

Ταῦτα τὰ τρία ἔργα τὰ μεγάλα ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐν τῇ τετάρτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. Τῇ πέμπτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τὰ κήτη τὰ μεγάλα, τοὺς ἰχθύας καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἑρπετὰ τὰ ἐν τοῖς ὕδασι, τὰ πετεινὰ τὰ πτερωτά. Ταῦτα τὰ τρία ἔργα τὰ μεγάλα ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐν τῇ πέμπτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. Τῇ ἕκτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τὰ θηρίᾳ, τὰ κτήνη, τὰ ἑρπετὰ τῆς γῆς, τὸν ἄνθρωπον. Ταῦτα τὰ τέσσαρα μεγάλα ἔργα ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐν τῇ ἕκτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. Καὶ ἐγένετο πάντα δύο καὶ εἴκοσι γένη ἐν ταῖς ϛʹ ἡμέραις. «Καὶ συνετέλεσε πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ἕκτῃ ἡμέρᾳ», ὅσα ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς καὶ ἐν τῇ γῇ, ἐν ταῖς θαλάσσαις καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀβύσσοις, ἐν τῷ φωτὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ σκότει καὶ ἐν πᾶσι. Καὶ ἀνεπαύσατο ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ πάντων τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ἑβδόμῃ ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ηὐλόγησεν αὐτὴν καὶ ἡγίασεν αὐτήν. Καὶ ἐδήλωσε δι' ἀγγέλου τῷ Μωϋσῇ ὅτι καὶ εἴκοσι δύο κεφαλαὶ ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ μέχρι τοῦ Ἰακὼβ τοῦ καὶ Ἰσραὴλ λέγων «καὶ ἐκλέξομαι ἐμαυτῷ ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτοῦ λαὸν περιούσιον ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν». Αἱ δὲ κεφαλαί, αἵ εἰσι γενεαί, περὶ ὧν εἶπεν ὁ Κύριος, εἰσὶν αὗται: Ἀδάμ, Σήθ, Ἐνώς, Καϊνάν, Μαλελεήλ, Ἰάρεδ, Ἐνώχ, Μαθουσάλα, Λάμεχ, Νῶε, Σήμ, Ἀφραξάδ, Σάλα, Ἕβερ, Φαλέχ, Ῥαγαῦ τὸν γὰρ Καϊνάν ... τὸ βιβλίον τῶν ἀριθμῶν, Σερούχ, Ναχώρ, Θαρέ, Ἀβραάμ, Ἰσαάκ, Ἰακὼβ ὁ καὶ Ἰσραήλ, ὁμοῦ εἴκοσι δύο γενεαι ∆ι' ὃ καὶ εἴκοσι δύο εἰσὶ τὰ παρὰ τοῖς Ἑβραίοις γράμματα, ἅ ἐστι ταῦτα· ἄλεφ, βήθ, γιμηλ, δελεδ, η, ουαῦ, ζήθ, ἤθ, τήθ, ἰώθ, χάφ, λαμεδ, μήμ, νουν, σαμεχ, αϊν, φη, σαδη, κωφ, ρης, σιν, θαῦ. ∆ιόπερ καὶ