1 The E in pronouns is unaspirated. For example ἐγὼ, ἐκεῖνος, ἐμὸς, ἐμοὶ, and the rest. Except for ἓ, from which also comes ἑαυτὸν, and ἕθεν according to Homer, "Fleeing before him."

CONCERNING PREPOSITIONS.

1 Every preposition beginning with a vowel is unaspirated. For example ἀνὰ, ἀμφὶ, ἀντὶ,

ἀπὸ, ἐπὶ, ἐν, εἰς, ἐξ, which is also called ἐκ. And when a vowel follows, it keeps the Xi. For example ἐξ οὐρανοῦ. ἐξ ὕψους. ἐξ ᾅδου. But when a consonant follows, it is expressed by Kappa alone for the sake of euphony. For example ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἐκ ῥώμης, ἐκ τῆς γῆς, ἐκ θαλάττης, and the like. Except for ὑπὸ and ὑπέρ.

CONCERNING CONJUNCTIONS.

1 Every conjunction beginning with a vowel is unaspirated. For example ἀλλά. ἐάν. εἰ,

instead of ἐάν. And the disjunctive ἢ, with an eta, and ἤτοι. Except for the causal ones. For these are aspirated. ἵνα, ὅπως, ὅτι, ἕνεκα. However, ὄφρα is unaspirated 213 and this happens by the dropping of the tau. For there is a rule that says, words formed by dropping an unaspirated [letter] are aspirated. For example τόσος, ὅσος. τοῖος, οἷος. ποτὲ, ὁτέ. τότε, ὅτε. πηνίκα, ἡνίκα. And the relative articles from the demonstrative ones by dropping the T. about which we have found. Except for τόφρα, ὄφρα. As also Homer: "So long, at least, I will go through the army." And τῆμος, ἦμος. And ἦμος is unaspirated because of the rule that says, the H in a trochaic word is unaspirated. ἦχος. ἦδος. ἦθος. Except for ἧπαρ, and ἧλος. And ὄφρα because of the rule that says, that the e and o, being before an aspirated [sound], are unaspirated. ὄφις. ἔθνος. ἔφεσις. ὄφρα. ἔχις. Ὄχος, the chariot. ὀθόνη.

CONCERNING NUMBERS.

1 The E of numbers is aspirated. ἓν, from εἷς, becoming ἑνὸς, ἓξ, ἑπτὰ,

ἑβδομήκοντα, ἑκατόν. And the rest. Except for ἐννέα, εἴκοσι, and ἐννενήκοντα. And, generally speaking, every number beginning with a vowel is aspirated, except for the ones mentioned and for ὀκτὼ and ὀγδοήκοντα.

CONCERNING THE BREATHINGS OF DIPHTHONGS.

1 The diphthong αι in words of more than one syllable is unaspirated. For example

αἰκίζω. αἰδοῦμαι. αἰζηός. αἰλιανός. Αἴλουρος, an animal. αἰάζω. Αἴρω, to lift up. And the rest. Unless an M follows. For example αἷμα. Αἱμύλος, the crafty one, and deceitful. Αἷμος, a mountain. Except for Αἴμων, the knowledgeable one. Note Αἱρῶ, to seize. Αἱροῦμαι, to wish. Being of more than one syllable and aspirated. But it is said "in words of more than one syllable" because of the relative articles, for example αἳ, instead of αἵτινες. αἷν, dual. And αἷς, instead of αἷστισι. Note Αἲ, instead of φεῦ, being unaspirated. The diphthong αυ is unaspirated. αὔξω. αὐδῶ. αὐτός. αὔριον. αὐτή. Except for αὕτη, barytone, as from οὗτος. And αὑτὸν, instead of ἑαυτόν. The diphthong ει is unaspirated. For example, εἶδος. εἰκάζω. Εἴρω, to weave. εἴργω. εἴβω. Εἴρων, the flatterer. εἴλη. And what comes from it, εἰληθενοῦμαι. εἰλεός. εἰλικρί́νεια. Except for Εἵλως, the slave. Εἱλωτεύω, to be a slave. And Εἱλωτεία, slavery. 214 εἱλίσσω. εἱλόμην, from declension. Εἱκὼν, the one who sent. εἱμαρ-μένη. Εἷμα, the garment. And Εἵμενος, the one clothed. εἷς, εἷνα, the one. And εἷο

1 Τὸ ἐν ἀντωνυμίαις Ε ψιλοῦται. οἷον ἐγὼ, ἐκεῖνος, ἐμὸς, ἐμοὶ, καὶ τὰ λοιπά. πλὴν τοῦ ἓ, ἀφ' οὗ καὶ τὸ ἑαυτὸν, καὶ τὸ ἕθεν καθ' Ὅμηρον, Πρόσθεν ἕθεν φεύγοντα.

ΠΕΡΙ ΠΡΟΘΕΣΕΩΝ.

1 Πᾶσα πρόθεσις ἀπὸ φωνήεντος ἀρχομένη ψιλοῦται. οἷον ἀνὰ, ἀμφὶ, ἀντὶ,

ἀπὸ, ἐπὶ, ἐν, εἰς, ἐξ, ἥτις καὶ ἐκ λέγεται. καὶ ὅτε μὲν ἐπάγεται φωνῆεν, φυλάττει τὸ Ξ. οἷον ἐξ οὐρανοῦ. ἐξ ὕψους. ἐξ ᾅδου. ὅτε δὲ σύμφωνον ἐπά γεται, ἐκφέρεται διὰ μόνου τοῦ Κ διὰ τὴν εὐφωνίαν. οἷον ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἐκ ῥώμης, ἐκ τῆς γῆς, ἐκ θαλάττης, καὶ τῶν ὁμοίων. πλὴν τῆς ὑπὸ καὶ ὑπέρ.

ΠΕΡΙ ΣΥΝ∆ΕΣΜΩΝ.

1 Πᾶς σύνδεσμος ἀπὸ φωνήεντος ἀρχόμενος ψιλοῦται. οἷον ἀλλά. ἐάν. εἰ,

ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐάν. καὶ ἢ διαζευκτικὸν, διὰ τοῦ η, καὶ ἤτοι. πλὴν τῶν αἰτιολογικῶν. οὗτοι γὰρ δασύ νονται. ἵνα, ὅπως, ὅτι, ἕνεκα. τὸ μέντοι ὄφρα ψιλοῦται 213 καὶ τοῦτο κατὰ ἀποβολὴν τοῦ τ γινόμενον. ἔστι γὰρ κανὼν ὁ λέγων, τὰ κατὰ ἀποβολὴν ψιλοῦ δασύνονται. οἷον τόσος, ὅσος. τοῖος, οἷος. ποτὲ, ὁτέ. τότε, ὅτε. πηνίκα, ἡνίκα. καὶ τὰ ὑποτακτικὰ ἄρθρα ἀπὸ τῶν προτακτικῶν κατὰ ἀποβο λὴν τοῦ Τ. περὶ ὧν εὑρήκαμεν. πλὴν τοῦ τόφρα, ὄφρα. ὡς καὶ Ὅμηρος· Τόφρα γοῦν ἐς στρατὸν εἶμι διαμπερές. καὶ τῆμος, ἦμος. ψιλοῦται δὲ τὸ μὲν ἦμος διὰ τὸν λέγον τα κανόνα, τὸ Η ἐν τροχαϊκῇ λέξει ψιλοῦται. ἦχος. ἦδος. ἦθος. πλὴν τοῦ ἧπαρ, καὶ ἧλος. τὸ δὲ ὄφρα διὰ τὸν λέ γοντα κανόνα, ὅτι τὸ ε ο πρὸ δασέος ὄντα ψιλοῦται. ὄφις. ἔθνος. ἔφεσις. ὄφρα. ἔχις. Ὄχος, τὸ ἅρμα. ὀθόνη.

ΠΕΡΙ ΑΡΙΘΜΩΝ.

1 Τὸ Ε τῶν ἀριθμῶν δασύνεται. ἓν, ἀπὸ τοῦ εἷς, ἑνὸς γινόμενον, ἓξ, ἑπτὰ,

ἑβδομήκοντα, ἑκατόν. καὶ τὰ λοιπά. πλὴν τοῦ ἐννέα, εἴκοσι, καὶ ἐννενήκοντα. καὶ, καθό λου εἰπεῖν, πᾶς ἀριθμὸς, ἀπὸ φωνήεντος ἀρχόμενος, δα σύνεται πλὴν τῶν ῥηθέντων καὶ τῶν ὀκτὼ καὶ τοῦ ὀγδοή κοντα.

ΠΕΡΙ ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΕΞ ∆ΙΦΘΟΓΓΩΝ.

1 Ἡ ˉαˉι δίφθογγος ἐν ταῖς ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν λέξεσι ψιλοῦται. οἷον

αἰκίζω. αἰδοῦμαι. αἰζηός. αἰλιανός. Αἴλου ρος, ζῶον. αἰάζω. Αἴρω, τὸ ἐπαίρω. καὶ τὰ λοιπά. εἰ μὴ τὸ Μ ἐπάγοιτο. οἷον αἷμα. Αἱμύλος, ὁ πανοῦργος, καὶ δόλιος. Αἷμος, ὄρος. πλὴν τοῦ Αἴμων, ὁ ἐπιστήμων. ση-μείωσαι τὸ Αἱρῶ, τὸ κρατῶ. Αἱροῦμαι, τὸ βούλομαι. ὑπὲρ μίαν ὄντα συλλαβὴν καὶ δασυνόμενα. εἴρηται δὲ ἐν ταῖς ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν λέξεσι διὰ τὰ ἄρθρα τὰ ὑποτακτικὰ, οἷον αἳ, ἀντὶ τοῦ αἵτινες. αἷν, δυϊκόν. καὶ αἷς, ἀντὶ τοῦ αἷστισι. σημείωσαι τὸ Αἲ, ἀντὶ τοῦ φεῦ, ψιλούμενον. Ἡ ˉαˉυ δίφθογγος ψιλοῦται. αὔξω. αὐδῶ. αὐτός. αὔριον. αὐτή. πλὴν τοῦ αὕτη, βαρύτονον, ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ οὗτος. καὶ αὑτὸν, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἑαυτόν. Ἡ ˉεˉι δίφθογγος ψιλοῦται. οἷον, εἶδος. εἰκάζω. Εἴρω, τὸ πλέκω. εἴργω. εἴβω. Εἴρων, ὁ κόλαξ. εἴλη. καὶ τὰ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, εἰληθενοῦμαι. εἰλεός. εἰλικρί́νεια. πλὴν τοῦ Εἵλως, ὁ δοῦλος. Εἱλωτεύω, τὸ δουλεύω. καὶ Εἱλωτεία, ἡ δουλεία. 214 εἱλίσσω. εἱλόμην, ἀπὸ κλίσεως. Εἱκὼν, ὁ πέμψας. εἱμαρ-μένη. Εἷμα, τὸ ἱμάτιον. καὶ Εἵμενος, ὁ ἐνδεδυμένος. εἷς, εἷνα, τὸν ἕνα. καὶ εἷο