13

you endured such dangers? And see the dignity: For you, brethren, he says, became imitators of the churches of God which are in Judea in Christ Jesus, for you also suffered the same things from your own countrymen, just as they did from the Jews, who killed both the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and have persecuted us; and they do not please God and are contrary to all men, forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles that they may be saved, so as to fill up their sins always. But the wrath has come upon them to the uttermost. βʹ. You, he says, became imitators of the churches of God which are in Judea. Great is the comfort. It is nothing wonderful, he says, that they do these things to you, when they do them even to their own countrymen. And this is no small proof that the preaching is true, when even Jews endured to suffer all things. For you also, he says, suffered the same things from your own countrymen, just as they did from the Jews. There is something more in his saying, "they also in Judea"; for he shows that they rejoiced everywhere, as having contended. He says then, that "And you suffered the same things." And what wonder is it again, if also to you, when they dared the same things 62.408 even against the Master? Do you see how he introduced it, having great comfort? And he continually turns this, and in almost all his epistles one might find it, if one examines closely, how in temptations he always brings forward Christ in different ways. See, for instance: here also, in accusing the Jews, he brings them to the remembrance of the Master, and of the Master’s sufferings; so he knows that the matter has the greatest comfort. "Who killed the Lord," he says. But perhaps they did not know him. Indeed, they certainly knew. What then? Did they not also kill and stone their own prophets, whose books they carry about? And yet they did not do these things for the sake of truth. It is not then only a comfort in temptations, but also a reminder not to think that they do these things for the sake of truth, and for this reason to be disturbed. "And have persecuted us," he says. And we, he says, have suffered countless terrible things. "And they do not please God and are contrary to all men, forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles that they may be saved." "Contrary to all men," he says. How? For if it is necessary to speak to the whole world, and these men forbid it, they are the common enemies of the world. They murdered Christ, the prophets, they insult God, they are common enemies of the world, they persecute us who have come for salvation; what wonder is it, if they have shown such things to you also, when they did so even in Judea? "Forbidding us," he says, "to speak to the Gentiles that they may be saved." It is therefore of envy to hinder the salvation of all. "To fill up their sins always." "But the wrath has come upon them to the uttermost." These things will no longer be as before, no longer a return, no longer an end; but the wrath is at hand. How is this clear? From this, from what Christ foretold. For not only is there comfort in having companions in afflictions, but also in hearing that those who afflict are punished. But if the delay causes grief, let the fact that they will no longer have a respite be a comfort. Rather, he even shortened the delay by saying, "The wrath," showing again that it was owed and predetermined and prophesied. But we, brethren, being bereaved of you for a short time in presence, not in heart, endeavored more eagerly to see your face with great desire. He did not say, separated, but what was more. He spoke above about flattery, showing that he does not flatter, that he does not seek glory; here he speaks about love. Since he said above, "As a father his children," "As a nurse," here he says something else, "Being bereaved," which is of children seeking their fathers. And were not they orphaned? No, he says, but we. For if anyone the

13

τοιούτους ἐφέρετε κινδύνους; Καὶ ὅρα τὸ ἀξίωμα· Ὑμεῖς γὰρ, φησὶ, μιμηταὶ ἐγενήθητε, ἀδελφοὶ, τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ, ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὅτι τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπάθετε καὶ ὑμεῖς ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων συμφυλετῶν, καθὼς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, τῶν καὶ τὸν Κύριον ἀποκτεινάντων Ἰησοῦν καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους προφήτας, καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐκδιωξάντων, καὶ Θεῷ μὴ ἀρεσκόντων, καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐναντίων· κωλυόντων ἡμᾶς τοῖς ἔθνεσι λαλῆσαι ἵνα σωθῶσιν, εἰς τὸ ἀναπληρῶσαι αὐτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας πάντοτε. Ἔφθασε δὲ ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀργὴ εἰς τέλος. βʹ. Ὑμεῖς, φησὶ, μιμηταὶ ἐγενήθητε τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ. Πολλὴ ἡ παραμυθία. Οὐδὲν, φησὶν, θαυμαστὸν εἰς ὑμᾶς ταῦτα πράττειν αὐτοὺς, ὅπου γε καὶ εἰς τοὺς συμφυλέτας αὐτῶν. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ τοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα εἶναι ἀληθὲς οὐ μικρὸν τεκμήριον, ὅπου γε καὶ Ἰουδαῖοι πάντα ἠνέσχοντο ὑπομεῖναι. Ὅτι καὶ ὑμεῖς τὰ αὐτὰ, φησὶν, ἐπάθετε ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων συμφυλετῶν, καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Ἔχει τι πλέον τῷ εἰπεῖν, κἀκεῖνοι ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ· δείκνυσι γὰρ ὅτι ἥδοντο πανταχοῦ, ὡς ἀθλήσαντες. Λέγει οὖν, ὅτι Καὶ ὑμεῖς τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπάθετε. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν πάλιν, εἰ καὶ εἰς ὑμᾶς, ὅπου γε καὶ εἰς τὸν ∆εσπότην τὰ αὐτὰ 62.408 ἐτόλμων; Ὁρᾷς, πῶς αὐτὸ εἰσήγαγε μεγάλην ἔχον τὴν παραμυθίαν; Καὶ συνεχῶς τοῦτο στρέφει, καὶ ἐν πάσαις σχεδὸν εὕροι τις ἂν αὐτὸ ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς ἀκριβῶς ἐξετάζων, πῶς ἐν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς ἀεὶ τὸν Χριστὸν παραφέρει διαφόρως. Ὅρα γοῦν· καὶ ἐνταῦθα κατηγορῶν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, εἰς ἀνάμνησιν αὐτοὺς φέρει τοῦ ∆εσπότου, καὶ τῶν τοῦ ∆εσπότου παθημάτων· οὕτως οἶδε μεγίστην παραμυθίαν ἔχον τὸ πρᾶγμα. Τῶν καὶ τὸν Κύριον ἀποκτεινάντων, φησίν. Ἀλλ' ἠγνόησαν αὐτὸν ἴσως. Μάλιστα μὲν οὖν ᾔδεσαν. Τί δαί; οὐχὶ καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους προφήτας ἀπέκτειναν καὶ ἐλιθοβόλησαν, ὧν καὶ τὰ τεύχη περιφέρουσι; Καὶ μὴν ταῦτα οὐκ ἀληθείας ἕνεκεν διεπράξαντο. Οὐκ ἄρα παραμυθία μόνον ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τοῖς πειρασμοῖς. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπόμνησις τοῦ μὴ νομίζειν ὅτι δι' ἀλήθειαν ταῦτα ποιοῦσι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο θορυβεῖσθαι. Καὶ ἡμᾶς, φησὶν, ἐκδιωξάντων. Καὶ ἡμεῖς, φησὶ, μυρία δεινὰ πεπόνθαμεν. Καὶ Θεῷ μὴ ἀρεσκόντων, καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐναντίων, κωλυόντων ἡμᾶς τοῖς ἔθνεσι λαλῆσαι ἵνα σωθῶσι. Πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις, φησὶν, ἐναντίων. Πῶς; Εἰ γὰρ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ δεῖ λαλῆσαι, οὗτοι δὲ κωλύουσι, κοινοὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης εἰσὶν ἐχθροί. Τὸν Χριστὸν ἐφόνευσαν, τοὺς προφήτας, τὸν Θεὸν ὑβρίζουσι, κοινοὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης εἰσὶν ἐχθροὶ, ἡμᾶς ἐλαύνουσι τοὺς ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ παραγενομένους· τί θαυμαστὸν, εἰ καὶ εἰς ὑμᾶς τοιαῦτα ἐπεδείξαντο, ὅπου γε καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ; Κωλυόντων ἡμᾶς, φησὶ, τοῖς ἔθνεσι λαλῆσαι ἵνα σωθῶσι. Βασκανίας ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ τὴν τῶν πάντων ἐμποδίζειν σωτηρίαν. Εἰς τὸ ἀναπληρῶσαι αὐτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας πάντοτε. Ἔφθασε δὲ ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀργὴ εἰς τέλος. Οὐκέτι ταῦτα ἔσται οἷα τὰ πρότερα, οὐκέτι ἐπάνοδος, οὐκέτι πέρας· ἀλλ' ἐγγὺς ἐφέστηκεν ἡ ὀργή. Πόθεν δῆλον; Ἀπὸ τούτου, ἀφ' οὗ προεῖπεν ὁ Χριστός. Οὐ γὰρ τοῦτο μόνον ἔχει παραμυθίαν τὸ κοινωνοὺς τῶν θλίψεων λαβεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ τοὺς θλίβοντας ἀκοῦσαι τιμωρουμένους. Εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀναβολὴ λυπεῖ, παραμυθείσθω τὸ μηκέτι ἀνανεύειν αὐτούς. Μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τὴν ἀναβολὴν συνέστειλε τῷ εἰπεῖν, Ἡ ὀργὴ, δεικνὺς πάλιν ὀφειλομένην καὶ προωρισμένην, καὶ προφητευομένην. Ἡμεῖς δὲ, ἀδελφοὶ, ἀπορφανισθέντες ἀφ' ὑμῶν πρὸς καιρὸν ὥρας, προσώπῳ, οὐ καρδίᾳ, περισσοτέρως ἐσπουδάσαμεν τὸ πρόσωπον ὑμῶν ἰδεῖν ἐν πολλῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ. Οὐκ εἶπε, χωρισθέντες, ἀλλ' ὃ πλέον ἦν. Εἶπεν ἀνωτέρω περὶ τῆς κολακείας, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐ κολακεύει, ὅτι οὐ ζητεῖ δόξαν· λέγει ἐνταῦθα περὶ τῆς ἀγάπης. Ἐπειδὴ εἶπεν ἀνωτέρω· Ὡς πατὴρ τέκνα, Ὡς τροφὸς, ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἕτερόν φησιν, Ἀπορφανισθέντες, ὅπερ ἐστὶ παίδων πατέρας ζητούντων. Καὶ μὴ ἐκεῖνοι ἀπωρφανίσθησαν. Οὒ, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς. Εἰ γάρ τις τὸν