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being puffed up and arrogant, but as some have recorded, that also fearing Constantius who was jealous of him on account of his successes, lest he remove him from life as he had his brother Gallus, he looked to apostasy 51 and having suborned some of the commanders under him, through them he incited the soldiery, and forming a faction they proclaimed him Augustus. Then men with swords drawn, standing over him, as if he were not accepting the proclamation of emperorship, threatened to kill him if he did not obey. Thus perhaps even unwillingly, yielding to the impulse of the multitude of soldiers, he accepted the rule. And when a diadem was sought, so that he might be crowned with it immediately, he swore that he did not have one; and when some asked for some female ornament, so that a diadem might be improvised from it, Julian refused this as an ill-omened sign. But since one of the commanders wore a golden torque, which had gold-set stones, they took this and fitted it to his head. And he sent Pentadius the master of the imperial offices with others to Constantius, writing to him and defending himself, that he was not willingly advanced to the proclamation of emperorship, but was forced by soldiers not wishing to campaign under a Caesar, but under an 52 emperor and so that they could demand from him rewards worthy of their labors, and asking him to accept the partnership in rule as something that would be for the benefit of the state, and promising to send him the racehorses from Spain, as was customary, and the chosen men from the Gauls. Having written these things, he did not sign himself as emperor in the inscription, but as Caesar, so that Constantius, not being offended by the inscription, would not send the letter back. When this was delivered to the emperor Constantius while he was staying in Caesarea in Cappadocia, he answered nothing out of anger. But he announced the campaign against the Persians to the soldiers, and sent Leonas the quaestor to Julian, writing to him and accusing him because he did not await his opinion, and attributing to his insolence rather than to his own the fact that he accepted the title of Augustus not by the judgment of the one having the authority, but by the disorderly clamor of soldiers, and advising him to abstain from that which had been 53 improperly done and to return to the former station, which he had received from him. However, he allowed the quaestor also to deprive of their authority those holding offices there and the praetorian prefect himself, and to install others into these positions, whom he named for each. So the quaestor went to Julian and reported to him the words of Constantius. And they were that "You should have remembered how much you are in my debt, not only that I proclaimed you Caesar, but also that when you became an orphan at a childish age I raised you, having taken you in myself." But he, interrupting, said to the quaestor, "And who, my good sir, brought this orphanhood upon me at such an age? Was it not the murderer of my parents? Then does he not know that by reminding me of these things he is reopening the wound and making it worse?" And having also gone through the letter to him, Julian, regarding the advice to lay aside the imperial station and again to choose that of Caesar, said to the quaestor, "I will do this, but by the will of the armies." But the quaestor, being afraid that if Julian revealed this to the soldiers, he himself being present 54 would be torn to pieces by them, begged him not to communicate any of these things to the military crowd. However, despairing of being able to accomplish any of the things ordered him, he returned with letters from the one who had usurped power, shamelessly reproaching the emperor and rebuking him as having sinned greatly against his family and threatening that he would become the avenger of those who had suffered unjustly. And so he departed for Constantius; but the usurper, knowing that many among those with him sided with Constantius, drove them all out from there, and he himself prepared for a civil war. In these circumstances his wife also died, as some say, giving birth while with him, but as others say, having already been cast out.

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ἐπαρθεὶς καὶ ὑπερφρονήσας, ὡς δ' ἔνιοι συνεγράψαντο, ὅτι καὶ δεδιὼς τὸν Κωνστάντιον βασκαίνοντά οἱ διὰ τὰ εὐτυχήματα, μὴ κατὰ τὸν ἀδελφὸν Γάλλον καὶ αὐτὸν ὑπεξαγάγῃ τοῦ ζῆν, εἰς ἀποστασίαν ἀπεῖδε 51 καί τινας τῶν ὑπ' αὐτὸν ταξιαρχῶν ὑπελθὼν δι' ἐκείνων τὸ στρατιωτικὸν παρεκίνησε, καὶ συστὰν ἀνεῖπεν αὐτὸν Αὔγουστον. εἶτα ξιφήρεις ἐπιστάντες αὐτῷ, ὡς δῆθεν μὴ προσιεμένῳ τὴν τῆς βασιλείας ἀνάρρησιν, ἠπείλουν διαχειρίσασθαι αὐτόν, εἰ μὴ πείθοιτο. οὕτω δὲ τάχα καὶ ἄκων τῇ τοῦ στρατιωτικοῦ πλήθους ὑπείξας ὁρμῇ, προσήκατο τὴν ἀρχήν. ζητουμένου δὲ διαδήματος, ἵν' αὐτίκα τούτῳ ταινιωθείη, ἐκεῖνος μὲν μὴ ἔχειν ἐξώμνυτο· τινῶν δὲ κόσμον αἰτούντων γυναικεῖόν τινα, ἵν' ἐκ τούτου σχεδιασθείη διάδημα, παρῃτήσατο τοῦτο ὁ Ἰουλιανὸς ὡς ἀπαίσιον οἰωνόν. ἐπεὶ δέ τις τῶν ταξιάρχων χρύσεον ἐφόρει στρεπτόν, λίθους ἔχοντα χρυσοδέτους, τοῦτον λαβόντες τῇ ἐκείνου προσήρμοσαν κεφαλῇ. ὁ δὲ Πεντάδιον τὸν μάγιστρον τῶν βασιλικῶν τάξεων σὺν ἑτέροις ἀπέστειλε πρὸς Κωνστάντιον, ἐπιστείλας αὐτῷ καὶ ἀπολογούμενος, ὡς οὐχ ἑκὼν προήχθη πρὸς τὴν τῆς βασιλείας ἀνάρρησιν, βιασθεὶς δ' ὑπὸ στρατιωτῶν μὴ βουλομένων στρατεύεσθαι ὑπὸ Καίσαρι, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ βα52 σιλεῖ καὶ ἵν' ἔχοιεν ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἀξίας τῶν πόνων τὰς ἀμοιβὰς ἀπαιτεῖν, καὶ ἀξιῶν δέξασθαι τὴν τῆς ἀρχῆς κοινωνίαν εἰς ὠφέλειαν ἐσομένην τῇ πολιτείᾳ, ἐπαγγελλόμενός τε καὶ τοὺς ἁμιλλητηρίους ἵππους ἐξ Ἰσπανίας, ὡς ἔθος, καὶ τοὺς ἐπιλέκτους ἄνδρας ἐκ τῶν Γαλλιῶν στέλλειν αὐτῷ. ταῦτ' ἐπιστείλας οὐ βασιλέα ἑαυτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐπιγραφῇ προσεγράψατο, ἀλλὰ Καίσαρα, ἵνα μὴ τῇ ἐπιγραφῇ προσοχθίσας ὁ Κωνστάντιος τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἀποπέμψηται. ταύτης τῷ βασιλεῖ Κωνσταντίῳ κομισθείσης κατὰ τὴν ἐν Καππαδοκίᾳ Καισάρειαν διατρίβοντι, ἐκεῖνος οὐδὲν ὑπ' ὀργῆς ἀπεκρίνατο. ἀλλὰ τὴν μὲν στρατείαν κατὰ Περσῶν τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐκήρυξε, πρὸς δὲ τὸν Ἰουλιανὸν Λεωνᾶν τὸν κοιαίστωρα ἔστειλεν, ἐπιστείλας αὐτῷ καὶ αἰτιώμενος ὅτι μὴ ἀνέμεινε τὴν γνώμην αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἰς ὕβριν ἐκείνου μᾶλλον ἀνάγων ἢ ἑαυτοῦ τὸ μὴ κρίσει τοῦ τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἔχοντος, ἀλλ' ἀτάκτῳ θορύβῳ στρατιωτῶν δέξασθαι αὐτὸν τὴν τοῦ Αὐγούστου κλῆσιν, καὶ συμβουλεύων ἀποσχέσθαι τοῦ μὴ 53 προσηκόντως γενομένου καὶ εἰς τὸ πρότερον ἐπανελθεῖν σχῆμα, ὃ παρ' αὐτοῦ εἴληφε. τῷ μέντοι κοιαίστωρι ἐπέτρεψε καὶ τοὺς τὰς ἀρχὰς ἐκεῖσε ἀνύοντας παραλῦσαι τῆς ἐξουσίας καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν πραιτωρίων ἔπαρχον ἑτέρους τε εἰς ταύτας ἐγκαταστῆσαι, οὓς ἐκεῖνος εἰς ἑκάστην ὠνόμασεν. ἀπελθὼν οὖν ὁ κοιαίστωρ πρὸς τὸν Ἰουλιανὸν τοὺς λόγους αὐτῷ τοῦ Κωνσταντίου ἀπήγγειλεν. οἱ δ' ἦσαν ὅτι "ἔδει σε μεμνῆσθαι ὅσων ὀφειλέτης μοι εἶ, οὐ μόνον ὅτι σε Καίσαρα ἀνηγόρευσα, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ ὀρφανὸν ἐν παιδικῇ γενόμενον ἡλικίᾳ ἀνεθρεψάμην, αὐτὸς προσλαβόμενος." ὁ δ' ὑπολαβὼν τῷ κοιαίστωρι ἔφη "τίς δέ μοι, ὦ βέλτιστε, ἐν τοιαύτῃ ἡλικίᾳ τὴν ὀρφανίαν ἐπήνεγκεν; ἢ οὐχὶ ὁ τῶν ἐμῶν γονέων φονεύς; εἶτα οὐκ οἶδε τούτων ἀναμιμνήσκων με ἀναξαίνων τὸ τραῦμα καὶ χαλεπώτερον ἐργαζόμενος;" ἐπελθὼν δὲ καὶ τὸ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπιστόλιον ὁ Ἰουλιανὸς πρὸς τὴν συμβουλὴν τοῦ ἀποθέσθαι τὸ βασίλειον σχῆμα καὶ αὖθις ἑλέσθαι τὸ Καίσαρος, ἔφη πρὸς τὸν κοιαίστωρα ὅτι "ποιήσω τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ γνώμῃ τῶν στρατευμάτων." ὁ δέ γε κοιαίστωρ φοβηθείς, ὡς, εἰ τοῖς στρατιώταις τοῦτο ἐκφήνειεν ὁ Ἰουλιανός, παρὼν 54 αὐτὸς διασπασθήσεται παρ' αὐτῶν, ἐδεῖτο μή τι τούτων τῷ στρατιωτικῷ κοινώσασθαι ὄχλῳ. ἀπογνοὺς μέντοι δυνήσεσθαί τι τῶν αὐτῷ προστεταγμένων ἀνύσαι, ὑπέστρεψε μετὰ γραμμάτων τοῦ τυραννήσαντος, ἀναιδῶς ὀνειδιζόντων τὸν αὐτοκράτορα καὶ ἐπιπληττόντων ὡς πλεῖστα ἐξαμαρτόντα κατὰ τοῦ γένους αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπειλούντων αὐτὸν γενήσεσθαι τιμωρὸν τῶν ἀδίκως παθόντων. Καὶ ὁ μὲν ἀπῄει πρὸς τὸν Κωνστάντιον· ὁ τύραννος δὲ πολλοὺς εἰδὼς ἐν τοῖς αὐτῷ συνοῦσι τὰ Κωνσταντίου φρονοῦντας πάντας ἐκεῖθεν ἐξήλασεν, αὐτὸς δὲ πρὸς ἐμφύλιον ἡτοιμάζετο πόλεμον. ἐν τούτοις καὶ ἡ αὐτοῦ γυνὴ τελευτᾷ, ὡς μέν τινές φασι, τίκτουσα παρ' αὐτῷ, ὡς δ' ἕτεροι, ἤδη ἐκβεβλημένη.