Of the Work of Monks.

 1. Thy bidding, holy brother Aurelius, it was meet that I should comply withal, with so much the more devotion, by how much the more it became clear u

 2. First then, it is to be seen, what is said by persons of that profession, who will not work: then, if we shall find that they think not aright, wha

 3. Nor do they attend to this, that if another should say, that the Lord indeed, speaking in parables and in similitudes concerning spiritual food and

 4. First then we ought to demonstrate that the blessed Apostle Paul willed the servants of God to work corporal works which should have as their end a

 5. I would, however, proceed to a more searching and diligent consideration and handling of these words, had I not other places of his Epistles much m

 6. Which thing whoso thinks cannot have been done by the Apostles, that with them women of holy conversation should go about wheresoever they preached

 7. But lest any should fancy that this was granted only to the twelve, see also what Luke relateth: “After these things,” saith he, “the Lord chose al

 8. But let us return to the order of our discourse, and the whole of the passage itself of the Epistle let us diligently consider. “Have we not,” sait

 9. But he speaks more openly in the rest which he subjoins, and altogether removes all causes of doubting. “If we unto you,” saith he, “have sown spir

 10. And he comes back again, and in all ways, over and over again, enforceth what he hath the right to do, yet doeth not. “Do ye not know,” saith he,

 11. And he goes on, and adjoins, lest perchance any should imagine that he only therefore received not, because they had not given: “But I have not wr

 12. But now, that as bearing with the infirmity of men he did this, let us hear what follows: “For though I be free from all men, yet have I made myse

 13. Of this weakness of his, he saith in another place, “We made ourselves small among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her children.” For in that pass

 14. Here peradventure some man may say, “If it was bodily work that the Apostle wrought, whereby to sustain this life, what was that same work, and wh

 15. But when he might use to work, that is, in what spaces of time, that he might not be hindered from preaching the Gospel, who can make out? Though,

 16. For he himself also, with an eye to the like necessities of saints, who, although they obey his precepts, “that with silence they work and eat the

 17. On account then of these either occupations of the servants of God, or bodily infirmities, which cannot be altogether wanting, not only doth the A

 18. And a little after he saith, “For as touching the ministering to the saints, it is superfluous for me to write to you. For I know the forwardness

 19. As therefore the Apostle, nay rather the Spirit of God possessing and filling and actuating his heart, ceased not to exhort the faithful who had s

 20. For what these men are about, who will not do bodily work, to what thing they give up their time, I should like to know. “To prayers,” say they, “

 21. Moreover, if discourse must be bestowed upon any, and this so take up the speaker that he have not time to work with his hands, are all in the mon

 22. There also is said at what work the Apostle wrought. “After these things,” it says, “he departed from Athens and came to Corinth and having found

 23. Hence arises another question for peradventure one may say, “What then? did the other Apostles, and the brethren of the Lord, and Cephas, sin, in

 24. This question I should briefly solve, if I should say, because I should also justly say, that we must believe the Apostle. For he himself knew why

 25. If at the least they once had in this world wherewithal they might easily without handiwork sustain this life, which property, when they were conv

 26. That, namely, befalleth them which in undisciplined younger widows, the same Apostle saith must be avoided: “And withal they learn to be idle and

 27. As it is, however, they, against the Apostle of Christ, recite a Gospel of Christ. For so marvellous are the works of the sluggards, hindered that

 28. Here then shall these persons in their turn be in another more sublime degree of righteousness outdone, by them who shall so order themselves, tha

 29. But let us grant this also, that the whole year round there may in the fields be found either of tree or of herbs or of any manner of roots, that

 30. Wherefore, that I may briefly embrace the whole matter, let these persons, who from perverse understanding of the Gospel labor to pervert apostoli

 31. For if they be urged from the Gospel that they should put nothing by for the morrow, they most rightly answer, “Why then had the Lord Himself a ba

 32. Some man will say: “What then does it profit a servant of God, that, having left the former doings which he had in the world he is converted unto

 33. Wherefore even they which having relinquished or distributed their former, whether ample or in any sort opulent, means, have chosen with pious and

 34. But then the Lord saith, “Be not solicitous for your life what ye shall eat, nor for the body, what ye shall put on.” Rightly: because He had said

 35. And that which follows concerning birds of the air and lilies of the field, He saith to this end, that no man may think that God careth not for th

 36. Since these things are so, suffer me awhile, holy brother, (for the Lord giveth me through thee great boldness,) to address these same our sons an

 37. We are not binding heavy burdens and laying them upon your shoulders, while we with a finger will not touch them. Seek out, and acknowledge the la

 38. These things, my brother Aurelius, most dear unto me, and in the bowels of Christ to be venerated, so far as He hath bestowed on me the ability Wh

 39. For there is less sin, if people do not praise the sinner in the desires of his soul, and speak good of him who practiseth iniquities. Now what is

 40. And then that further device of theirs, (if words can express it), how painfully ridiculous is it, which they have invented for defense of their l

 41. Wherefore, they which will not do right things, let them give over at least to teach wrong things. Howbeit they be others whom in this speech we r

13. Of this weakness of his, he saith in another place, “We made ourselves small among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her children.”35    “Parvuli.” 1 Thess. ii. 5–7. [See R.V.] For in that passage the context indicates this: “For neither at any time,” saith he, “used we flattering words, as ye know, nor an occasion of covetousness; God is witness: nor of men sought we glory, neither of you, nor yet of others when we might have been burdensome to you as the Apostles of Christ: but we made ourselves small among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her children.” What therefore he saith to the Corinthians, that he had power of his apostleship, as also the other Apostles, which power he testifieth that he had not used; this also he saith in that place to the Thessalonians, “When we might have been burdensome to you as Christ’s Apostles:” according to that the Lord saith, “The workman is worthy of his hire.” For that of this he speaks, is indicated by that which he above set down, “Neither for occasion of coveteousness, God is witness.” By reason, namely, of this which by right of the Lord’s appointment was due to good evangelists, who not for its sake do evangelize but seek the kingdom of God, so that all these things should be added unto them, others were taking advantage thereof, of whom he also saith, “For they that are such serve not God, but their own belly.”36    Rom. xvi. 18 From whom the Apostle wished so to cut off this occasion, that even what was justly due to him, he would forego. For this himself doth openly show in the second to the Corinthians, speaking of other Churches supplying his necessities. For he had come, as it appears, to so great indigence, that from distant Churches were sent supplies for his necessities, while yet from them among whom he was, he accepted nothing of that kind. “Have I committed a sin, “saith he, “in humbling myself that ye might be exalted, because I have preached to you the Gospel of God freely? Other Churches I despoiled, taking wages of them to minister unto you: and when I was present with you and wanted, to no man was I burdensome. For that which was lacking to me the brethren which came from Macedonia supplied, and in all things I have kept myself from being burdensome to you, and will keep myself. It is the truth of Christ in me, that this glory shall not be infringed in me in the regions of Achaia. Wherefore? because I love you not? God knoweth. But what I do, I also mean to do, that I may cut off occasion from them which seek occasion, that wherein they glory they may be found as also we.”37    2 Cor. xi. 7–12. [See R.V.] Of this occasion, therefore, which he here saith that he cuts off, he would have that understood which he saith in the former place, “Neither for occasion of covetousness, God is witness.” And what he here saith, “In humbling myself that ye might be exalted:” this in the first to the same Corinthians, “I became to the weak as weak;” this to the Thessalonians, “I became small among you, as a nurse cherisheth her children.”38    1 Thess. ii. 7–9 Now then observe what follows: “So,” saith he, “being affectionately desirous of you, we are minded to impart unto you not alone the Gospel of God, but our own souls also; because ye are become most dear to us. For ye remember, brethren, our labor and toil, night and day working, that we might not burden any of you.” For this he said above, “When we might be burdensome to you, as Christ’s Apostles.” Because, then, the weak were in peril, lest, agitated by false suspicions, they should hate an, as it were, venal Gospel, for this cause, trembling for them as with a father’s and a mother’s bowels of compassion, did he this thing. So too in the Acts of the Apostles he speaks the same thing, when, sending from Miletus to Ephesus, he had called thence the presbyters of the Church, to whom, among much else, “Silver,” saith he, “and gold, or apparel of no man have I coveted; yourselves know, that to my necessities and theirs who were with me these hands have ministered. In all things have I shown you that so laboring it behoveth to help the weak, mindful also of the words of the Lord Jesus, for that He said, More blessed is it rather to give than to receive.”39    Acts xx. 33–35

CAPUT XII.

13. Infirmorum periculis tremefactus eligit laborare, quam de Evangelio vivere. De hac infirmitate sua dicit alio loco: Facti sumus parvuli in medio vestrum, tanquam si nutrix foveat filios suos. Nam ejus circumstantia lectionis hoc indicat: Neque enim, inquit, aliquando in sermone adulationis fuimus, sicut scitis; neque in occasione cupiditatis, Deus testis est; neque quaerentes ab hominibus gloriam, neque a vobis, neque ab aliis; cum possemus oneri vobis esse, ut Christi Apostoli: sed facti sumus parvuli in medio vestrum; tanquam si nutrix foveat filios suos (I Thess. II, 5-7). Quod ergo ad Corinthios dicit, habere se potestatem apostolatus sui, sicut et caeteri Apostoli, qua potestate usum se non esse testatur; hoc etiam in isto loco ad Thessalonicenses ait, Cum possemus oneri vobis esse, ut Christi Apostoli: secundum quod Dominus dicit, 0559Dignus est operarius mercede sua. Nam hinc eum dicere, illud indicat quod supra posuit: Neque in occasione cupiditatis, Deus testis est. Per hoc enim quod jure dominico debebatur bonis evangelistis, non propter hoc evangelizantibus, sed quaerentibus regnum Dei, ut haec omnia apponerentur eis, inveniebant alii occasionem, de quibus idem dicit, Neque enim isti Deo serviunt, sed suo ventri (Rom. XVI, 18). Quibus hanc occasionem amputare volebat Apostolus, ut etiam quod sibi juste debebatur, omitteret. Aperte quippe hoc ipse ostendit in secunda ad Corinthios, ab aliis Ecclesiis suppletas dicens necessitates suas. Venerat enim, sicut apparet, ad tantam indigentiam, ut de longinquis Ecclesiis ei necessaria mitterentur, dum tamen ab eis apud quos erat nihil tale acciperet. Numquid peccatum, inquit, feci, me ipsum humiliando, ut vos exaltaremini, quoniam gratis Evangelium Dei evangelizavi vobis? Alias Ecclesias exspoliavi accipiens stipendium ad vestram ministrationem; et cum apud vos fuissem et egerem, nemini gravis fui. Nam id quod deerat mihi adimpleverunt fratres qui venerunt a Macedonia, et in omnibus ingravate me in vobis custodivi, et custodiam. Est veritas Christi in me, quia gloria haec non infringetur in me in regionibus Achaiae. Quare? quia non vos diligo? Deus scit. Quod autem facio et facturus sum, ut amputem occasionem eorum qui volunt occasionem, ut in quo gloriantur, inveniantur sicut et nos (II Cor. XI, 7-12). De hac igitur occasione quam hic se dicit amputare, voluit intelligi quod ibi ait, Neque in occasione cupiditatis, Deus testis est. Et quod hic dicit, Me ipsum humiliando, ut vos exaltaremini: hoc in prima ad eosdem Corinthios, Factus sum infirmis infirmus; hoc ad Thessalonicenses, Factus sum parvulus in medio vestrum, tanquam si nutrix foveat filios suos. Proinde attende sequentia: Ita, inquit, desiderantes vos, placet impertire vobis non solum Evangelium Dei, verum etiam animas nostras; quoniam charissimi nobis facti estis. Recordamini enim, fratres, laborem nostrum et aerumnam, nocte et die operantes, ne quem vestrum gravaremus (I Thess. II, 8, 9). Hoc enim superius ait, Cum possemus oneri vobis esse, ut Christi Apostoli. Infirmorum igitur periculis, ne falsis suspicionibus agitati odissent quasi venale Evangelium, tanquam paternis maternisque visceribus tremefactus hoc fecit. Sic etiam in Actibus Apostolorum idem loquitur, cum a Mileto mittens Ephesum vocasset inde presbyteros Ecclesiae, quibus inter multa: Argentum, inquit, et aurum vel vestem nullius concupivi, ipsi scitis; quoniam necessitatibus meis et eorum qui mecum fuerunt, hae manus servierint. Omnia ostendi vobis, quoniam sic laborantes oportet juvare infirmos, memores etiam verborum Domini Jesu, quia ipse dixit: Beatius est magis dare quam accipere (Act. XX, 33-35).