But do ye all, as many as are made glad, by the gift of regeneration, and make your boast of that saving renewal, show me, after the sacramental grace, the change in your ways that should follow it, and make known by the purity of your conversation the difference effected by your transformation for the better. For of those things which are before our eyes nothing is altered: the characteristics of the body remain unchanged, and the mould of the visible nature is nowise different. But there is certainly need of some manifest proof, by which we may recognize the new-born man, discerning by clear tokens the new from the old. And these I think are to be found in the intentional motions of the soul, whereby it separates itself from its old customary life, and enters on a newer way of conversation, and will clearly teach those acquainted with it that it has become something different from its former self, bearing in it no token by which the old self was recognized. This, if you be persuaded by me, and keep my words as a law, is the mode of the transformation. The man that was before Baptism was wanton, covetous, grasping at the goods of others, a reviler, a liar, a slanderer, and all that is kindred with these things, and consequent from them. Let him now become orderly, sober, content with his own possessions, and imparting from them to those in poverty, truthful, courteous, affable—in a word, following every laudable course of conduct. For as darkness is dispelled by light, and black disappears as whiteness is spread over it, so the old man also disappears when adorned with the works of righteousness. Thou seest how Zacchæus also by the change of his life slew the publican, making fourfold restitution to those whom he had unjustly damaged, and the rest he divided with the poor—the treasure which he had before got by ill means from the poor whom he oppressed. The Evangelist Matthew, another publican, of the same business with Zacchæus, at once after his call changed his life as if it had been a mask. Paul was a persecutor, but after the grace bestowed on him an Apostle, bearing the weight of his fetters for Christ’s sake, as an act of amends and repentance for those unjust bonds which he once received from the Law, and bore for use against the Gospel. Such ought you to be in your regeneration: so ought you to blot out your habits that tend to sin; so ought the sons of God to have their conversation: for after the grace bestowed we are called His children. And therefore we ought narrowly to scrutinize our Father’s characteristics, that by fashioning and framing ourselves to the likeness of our Father, we may appear true children of Him Who calls us to the adoption according to grace. For the bastard and the supposititious son, who belies his father’s nobility in his deeds, is a sad reproach. Therefore also, methinks, it is that the Lord Himself, laying down for us in the Gospels the rules of our life, uses these words to His disciples, “Do good to them that hate you, pray for them that despitefully use you and persecute you; that ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for He maketh His sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust43    S. Matt. v. 44.” For then He says they are sons when in their own modes of thought they are fashioned in loving kindness towards their kindred, after the likeness of the Father’s goodness.

Ὑμεῖς δὲ πάντες, ὅσοι τῷ δώρῳ τῆς παλιγγενεσίας ἐγκαλλωπίζεσθε καὶ καύχημα φέρετε ἀνακαινισμὸν τὸν σωτήριον, δείξατέ μοι μετὰ τὴν μυστικὴν χάριν τὴν τῶν τρόπων ἐναλλαγὴν καὶ τῆς ἐπὶ τὸ κρεῖττον μετακοσμήσεως τὴν διαφορὰν τῇ καθαρότητι τῆς πολιτείας γνωρίσατε: τῶν μὲν γὰρ ὑποπιπτόντων τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς οὐδὲν ἀλλοιοῦται, οἱ δὲ τοῦ σώματος χαρακτῆρες μένουσιν ἀμετάβλητοι καὶ ἡ τῆς ὁρωμένης φύσεως διάπλασις οὐκ ἀμείβεται, χρεία δὲ πάντως τινὸς ἐναργοῦς ἀποδείξεως, δι' ἧς ἐπιγνωσόμεθα τὸν ἀρτίτοκον ἄνθρωπον συμβόλοις τισὶ φανεροῖς τὸν νέον ἀπὸ τοῦ παλαιοῦ διακρίνοντες. ταῦτα δὲ οἶμαι τυγχάνειν τὰ κατὰ πρόθεσιν τῆς ψυχῆς κινήματα, ἀφ' ὧν ἑαυτὴν χωρίζουσα τῆς παλαιᾶς συνηθείας, νεωτέραν δὲ τέμνουσα τῆς πολιτείας ὁδὸν διδάξει σαφῶς τοὺς γνωρίμους, ὡς ἄλλη τις ἐξ ἄλλης γεγένηται οὐθὲν τῆς παλαιᾶς κακίας ἐφελκομένη γνώρισμα. ἔστι δὲ οὗτος τῆς μεταποιήσεως ὁ τρόπος, ἄν μοι πεισθέντες τὸν λόγον ὡς νόμον φυλάξητε: ἦν ὁ πρὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος ἄνθρωπος ἀκόλαστος, πλεονέκτης, ἅρπαξ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, λοίδορος, συκοφάντης καὶ εἴ τι τούτοις ὅμοιον καὶ ἀκόλουθον. γενέσθω νῦν κόσμιος, σώφρων, ἀρκούμενος τοῖς ἰδίοις καὶ ἐκ τούτων τοῖς ἐν πενίᾳ μεταδιδούς, φιλαλήθης, τιμητικός, εὐπροσήγορος, πᾶσαν ἁπλῶς ἐπαινουμένην πρᾶξιν ἀσκῶν: ὡς γὰρ τῷ φωτὶ τὸ σκότος λύεται καὶ ἀφανίζεται τὸ μέλαν ἐπιχρωσθείσης λευκότητος, οὕτω καὶ ὁ παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος τοῖς τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἔργοις ἐπικοσμηθεὶς ἀφανίζεται. ὁρᾷς ὅπως καὶ ὁ Ζακχαῖος τῇ μεταβολῇ τοῦ βίου τὸν τελώνην ἀπέκτεινε πρὸς μὲν τοὺς ζημιωθέντας ἀδίκως τετραπλῆν ἐπανάγων τὴν ἀπόδοσιν, ἐμέρισε δὲ τοῖς πτωχοῖς τὰ κατάλοιπα, ἃ πρότερον παρὰ τῶν πτωχῶν θλιβομένων κακῶς ἐθησαύρισεν. εὐαγγελιστὴς ὁ Ματθαῖος, ἄλλος τελώνης, ὁμότεχνος τοῦ Ζακχαίου εὐθέως μετὰ τὴν κλῆσιν ὥσπερ τι προσωπεῖον ἤμειψε τὸν βίον. διώκτης ὁ Παῦλος, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὴν χάριν ἀπόστολος βαρείας φέρων τὰς ἁλύσεις ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ εἰς ἀπολογίαν καὶ μετάνοιαν τῶν ἀδίκων δεσμῶν, ἃ παρὰ τοῦ νόμου ποτὲ λαβὼν κατὰ τῶν εὐαγγελίων ἐβάσταζε. τοιαύτην προσῆκεν εἶναι τὴν ἀναγέννησιν, οὕτως ἐξαλείφειν τὴν πρὸς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν συνήθειαν, οὕτω πολιτεύεσθαι τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ θεοῦ: τέκνα γὰρ ἐκείνου μετὰ τὴν χάριν ἀκούομεν. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο προσῆκεν ἀκριβῶς ἐπισκοπήσασθαι τὰ τοῦ γεννήτορος ἡμῶν ἰδιώματα, ἵνα πρὸς ὁμοιότητα τοῦ πατρὸς ἑαυτοὺς μορφοῦντες καὶ σχηματίζοντες γνήσιοι φαινώμεθα παῖδες τοῦ πρὸς τὴν εἰσποίησιν ἡμᾶς τὴν κατὰ χάριν καλέσαντος: φαῦλον γὰρ κατηγόρημα ὁ νόθος καὶ ὑποβολιμαῖς καὶ τὴν πατρικὴν εὐγένειαν ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων ψευδόμενος. διό μοι δοκεῖ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ κύριος ἐν εὐαγγελίοις τοὺς τοῦ βίου κανόνας διατάττων ἡμῖν ἐκείνοις χρῆσθαι πρὸς τοὺς μαθητευομένους τοῖς λόγοις: Καλῶς ποιεῖτε τοῖς μισοῦσιν ὑμᾶς, προσεύχεσθε ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων ὑμᾶς καὶ διωκόντων, ὅπως γένησθε υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς, ὅτι τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ ἀνατέλλει ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς καὶ βρέχει ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους. υἱοὺς γὰρ τότε γίνεσθαι λέγει, ὅταν τῆς πατρικῆς ἀγαθότητος τὴν ὁμοίωσιν ἐν τῇ πρὸς τοὺς ὁμοφύλους φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῖς οἰκείοις λογισμοῖς ἐντυπώσωνται.