of rational discernment, as Israel did in the time of Moses, commits idolatry. For having cast into the fire of the passions the words concerning theology as earrings; and as a necklace of ornament, the right doctrines according to natural contemplation, and as bracelets for the hands, the practice of practical virtue, it fashions an imaginary idol of sin, then worships it through action. Moses, having pitched his own tent outside the camp, that is, having established his own judgment and thought outside of visible things, begins to worship God, and entering into the darkness, the invisible and immaterial place of knowledge, there he is initiated into the most holy mysteries. Behold, he says, a place by me. The place is the Holy Spirit, in whom one having come to be, is deemed worthy of divine contemplation. And the rock is firm faith; and its cleft is the dim contemplation through it. And the "back parts" of God are the ancient origins of the world, which Moses alone saw, he alone having prophesied the past. There are three kinds of prophecy: that which declares the past, that which declares the present, that which declares the future. Just as Moses the lawgiver bore a veil upon his face, so also the things legislated by him bore a veil, obscurity. And the cause of both this and that veil was the weakness of the Hebrews, being unable to see either the radiance of the face of Moses or the immateriality of the writings, since they were earthly-minded; but it was treasured up for us, who saw the face of Christ, of whom Moses was a type, without a veil, through our apostles and teachers, according to his humanity, and we have known the truth of the obscure things. When the creations after God, and the excellences concerning the nature of God were revealed to Moses; for these are the "back parts" of God; and when the face of his soul was glorified, that is, his mind was enlightened and made brilliant; the people could not bear such glory, nor converse directly with the contemplation. Therefore, a veil was needed, I mean the denseness of the letter, overshadowing the brilliance of the contemplation of the thoughts. OF LEVITICUS CONCERNING SACRIFICES. God does not delight in animal sacrifices; for this belongs to one with passions. 77.1216 But symbolically through these he legislated spiritual sacrifices, I mean the mortification of passions slaughtered by the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God, and the offering of the natural powers, being wholly consumed by the fire of the Spirit. For the ram is a symbol of the rational faculty, because of its leadership; the bull, of the spirited faculty; and the goat, of the appetitive faculty. Moses, by commanding to remove from the sacrificial victims the kidneys, and the fat, and the breast, and the lobe of the liver, signified through these the removal of the unnatural powers and activities of both the spirited and appetitive faculties, and to consume them with the divine fire of the power according to spiritual knowledge; the appetite being signified by the kidneys, and its activity, which is pleasure, by the fat. And again, the spirited faculty, by the breast; and its activity by the lobe of the liver, in which the bitter and most sharp bile is fixed. The one who ministers to God through pious speech the hearts of others, to which the breast corresponds, and their practical power, to which the arm corresponds, setting them apart for the work of the commandments, has become a priest, receiving from those who offer themselves as a sacrifice to God the breast and the arm. Unfit for the priestly ministry is the one blind in mind, and the one lame by not walking uprightly in life and doctrines; and the one with a mutilated nose by not having perfect discernment. And a fracture of hand and foot, the breaking of the power of the
τῆς λογικῆς διακρίσεως, ὡς πάλαι τοῦ Μωσέως ὁ Ἰσραὴλ, εἰδωλολατρεῖ. Ῥίψας γὰρ εἰς τὸ πῦρ τῶν παθῶν ὡς μὲν ἐνώτια τοὺς περὶ θεολογίας λόγους· ὡς δὲ περιτραχήλιον κόσμου, τὰ ὀρθὰ κατὰ τὴν φυσικὴν θεωρίαν δόγματα, ὡς δὲ ψέλλια χειρῶν, τὴν ἐνέργειαν τῆς πρακτικῆς ἀρετῆς, ἀποτελεῖ φαντασίαν εἴδωλον ἁμαρτίας, εἶτα λατρεύει τούτῳ διὰ τῆς πράξεως. Ὁ Μωσῆς ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς πηξάμενος τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σκηνὴν, τοῦτ' ἔστιν, ἔξω τῶν ὁρωμένων ἱδρυσάμενος τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γνώμην καὶ διάνοιαν, προσκυνεῖν ἄρχεται τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ εἰς τὸν γνόφον ἐλθὼν, τὸν ἀειδῆ καὶ ἄϋλον τῆς γνώσεως τόπον, ἐκεῖ τελεῖται τὰς ἱερωτάτας μυήσεις. Ἰδοὺ, φησὶ, τόπος παρ' ἐμοί. Τόπος τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, ἐν ᾧ τις γενόμενος, θεωρίας ἀξιοῦται θείας. Πέτρα δὲ ἡ στεῤῥὰ πίστις· ὀπὴ δὲ αὐτῆς ἡ ἀμυδρὰ δι' αὐτῆς θεωρία. Ὀπίσθια δὲ Θεοῦ, ἡ ἀρχαιογονία τοῦ κόσμου, ἃ μόνος εἶδε Μωσῆς, μόνος τὰ παρελθόντα προφητεύσας. Τρία δὲ εἴδη προφητείας· τὸ τὰ παρελθόντα δηλοῦν, τὸ, τὰ ἐνεστῶτα, τὸ, τὰ μέλλοντα. Ὥσπερ Μωσῆς ὁ νομοθέτης ἐπὶ τοῦ προσώπου κάλυμμα ἔφερεν· οὕτω καὶ τὰ παρ' αὐτοῦ νομοθετηθέντα κάλυμμα ἔφερε, τὴν ἀσάφειαν. Αἴτιον δὲ καὶ τούτου κἀκείνου τοῦ καλύμματος, ἡ τῶν Ἑβραίων ἀσθένεια, μήτε τὴν αἴγλην τοῦ προσώπου Μωσέως, μήτε τὴν ἀϋλίαν τῶν γεγραμμένων, οἵων τε ὄντων ἰδεῖν, οἷα γεώδη φρονούντων· ἐθησαυρίζετο δὲ ἡμῖν, οἳ καὶ τὸ Χριστοῦ πρόσωπον, οὗ τύπος ἦν ὁ Μωσῆς, χωρὶς ἐπικαλύμματος εἴδομεν, διὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ διδασκάλων ἡμῶν, κατὰ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον, καὶ τὴν τῶν ἀσαφῶν ἀλήθειαν ἔγνωμεν. Ἀποκαλυφθέντων Μωσῇ τῶν μετὰ Θεὸν δημιουργημάτων, καὶ τῶν περὶ τὴν φύσιν τοῦ Θεοῦ πλεονεκτημάτων· ταῦτα γὰρ ὀπίσθια τοῦ Θεοῦ· καὶ τοῦ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ προσώπου δοξασθέντος, ἤτοι τοῦ νοὸς αὐτοῦ φωτισθέντος καὶ λαμπρυνθέντος· ὁ λαὸς οὐκ ἐδύναντο φέρειν τὴν τοιαύτην δόξαν, οὐδ' ἀμέσως ὁμιλεῖν τῇ θεωρίᾳ. Λοιπὸν οὖν καλύμματος ἐδεήθη, λέγω δὴ τῆς παχύτητος τοῦ γράμματος, ἐπισκιαζούσης τὴν λαμπρότητα τῆς θεωρίας τῶν νοημάτων. ΤΟΥ ΛΕΥΙΤΙΚΟΥ ΠΕΡΙ ΘΥΣΙΩΝ. Οὐχ ἥδεται ζωοθυσίαις ὁ Θεός· ἐμπαθοῦς γὰρ τοῦτο. 77.1216 Συμβολικῶς δὲ διὰ τούτων τὰς πνευματικὰς θυσίας ἐνομοθέτησε, νέκρωσιν λέγω παθῶν σφαζομένων τῇ μαχαίρᾳ τοῦ Πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστι ῥῆμα Θεοῦ, καὶ προσαγωγὴν τῶν φυσικῶν δυνάμεων, τῷ πυρὶ τοῦ πνεύματος ὁλοκαυτουμένων. Σύμβολον γὰρ ὁ μὲν κριὸς τοῦ λογιστικοῦ, διὰ τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν, ὁ δὲ ταῦρος τοῦ θυμικοῦ, ἡ αἲξ δὲ τοῦ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ. Ὁ Μωσῆς κελεύσας ἀφαιρεῖν τῶν ἱερείων τοὺς νεφροὺς, καὶ τὸ στέαρ, καὶ τὸ στηθύνιον, καὶ τὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ἥπατος, ᾐνίξατο διὰ τούτων ἀφαιρεῖν τὰς παρὰ φύσιν δυνάμεις καὶ ἐνεργείας τοῦ τε θυμοῦ καὶ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας, καὶ τῷ θείῳ πυρὶ τῆς κατὰ τὴν πνευματικὴν γνῶσιν δυνάμεως ἐκτήκειν αὐτάς· τῆς μὲν ἐπιθυμίας διὰ τῶν νεφρῶν δηλουμένης, τῆς δὲ ἐνεργείας αὐτῆς, ἥτις ἐστὶν ἡ ἡδονὴ, διὰ τοῦ στέατος. Καὶ αὖθις τοῦ μὲν θυμοῦ, διὰ στηθυνίου· τῆς δὲ ἐνεργείας αὐτοῦ διὰ τοῦ λοβοῦ τοῦ ἥπατος, ἐν ᾧ πέπηγεν ἡ πικρὰ καὶ δριμυτάτη χολή. Ὁ ἱερουργῶν τῷ Θεῷ δι' εὐσεβοῦς λόγου τὰς τῶν ἄλλων καρδίας αἷς ἀναλογεῖ τὸ στηθύνιον· καὶ τὴν πρακτικὴν αὐτῶν δύναμιν, ᾗ ἀναλογεῖ ὁ βραχίων, ἀφορίζων τῇ ἐνεργείᾳ τῶν ἐντολῶν, γέγονεν ἱερεὺς, λαμβάνων παρὰ τῶν ἑαυτοὺς θυσίαν, τῷ Θεῷ προσαγόντων τὸ στηθύνιον καὶ τὸν βραχίονα. Ἀνεπιτήδειος εἰς ἱερουργίαν ὁ τυφλὸς τὸν νοῦν, καὶ ὁ χωλὸς τῷ μὴ ὀρθοποδεῖν ἐν βίῳ καὶ δόγμασι· καὶ ὁ κολοβόῤῥιν τῷ μὴ τελείαν ἔχειν διάκρισιν. Σύντριμμα δὲ χειρὸς καὶ ποδὸς, ἡ θραῦσις τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ