DIONYSIUS THE PRESBYTER TO TIMOTHY THE FELLOW-PRESBYTER

 ...ous Intelligences he described in the sacredly-written compositions of the Oracles, so that he might lead us up through the sensible to the intelli

 anagogical interpretations, which propose to us the formations possible for us of the formless and supernatural visions, but that this also is most fi

 to be entirely deprived of participation in the beautiful, if indeed, as the truth of the oracles says, All things are very good. <4> It is possible

 they veil the “Holy of Holies” and honor the dissimilar sacred representations, so that neither are the divine things easily accessible to the profane

 to be led up by analogy to the imitation of God and, what is the most divine thing of all, as the oracles say, to become a “fellow worker with God” an

 beings and irrationally living things and we rational beings have come to be in participation of the divine bestowal. For, intelligibly impressing the

 The things divinely promised to the forefather David have been fulfilled, while another announced the good news to the shepherds as those who had been

 their own powers and illuminations and their own sacred and supermundane good order. For it is impossible for us to know the mysteries of the super-ce

 and stably established and receptive of the visitation of the Godhead in all passionlessness and immateriality, and God-bearing, and servingly opened

 that Jesus himself initiates them immediately and first-givingly reveals to them his philanthropic good-working. For “I,” he says, “speak righteousnes

 below the earth extending its most good providence over all beings, as the super-princely principle and cause of every essence, and embracing all thin

 being led up to the super-essential principle of all things, and becoming partakers of the initiating purifications and illuminations and perfections,

 to lead principially and to be formed as much as possible in the likeness of that very principle-making principle and to reveal its super-essential or

 from which we also have looked up to the infinite and ungrudging sea of the divine light, opened readily to all for participation, over which no forei

 is led up. <2> And all are revealers and messengers of those before them, the most senior ones of God the Mover, and correspondingly the rest of those

 <ΧII.> <1> This also is inquired into by those who love to contemplate the intelligible oracles: for if the last ranks are unparticipant in the entire

 he has assigned the primary hierarchy. And is this statement perhaps true? For he who said this said that the Thearchic power, proceeding to all thing

 they do participate, but in a subordinate manner, looking to the first orders and through them, as those primarily deemed worthy of imitating God, are

 has reasonably ascribed the property to the Seraphim, after God. It is not at all strange, therefore, if the Seraph is said to purify the theologian.

 it having been previously understood that the clarifications of the sacredly-formed images sometimes show the same orders of the celestial essences hi

 of operations. Indeed, the divinely wise, knowing this, form the celestial substances out of fire, showing their God-like and, as far as possible, God

 and that which is dedicated to the whole of life, and the girdles, the guarding of their generative powers and that their unifying disposition is turn

 strong and indomitable, and that which assimilates itself, as far as possible, to the hiddenness of the ineffable Thearchy by the covering of its inte

 Let this much be said by me also concerning the sacred formations, falling short of their precise manifestation, but contributing, as I think, so that

from which we also have looked up to the infinite and ungrudging sea of the divine light, opened readily to all for participation, over which no foreign gods presided, but one principle of all, and to this the angels ruling as hierarchs over each nation led their followers, we must think of Melchizedek as being a most God-loving hierarch not of non-existent beings, but of the truly existing most high God. For indeed the divinely wise have not simply called Melchizedek not only God-loving but also a priest, except to show clearly to the prudent that not only was he himself turned to the truly existing God, but furthermore as a hierarch he also led others in the ascent to the true and only Deity. <4> And let us remind your hierarchical understanding of this too, that both to Pharaoh by the angel presiding over the Egyptians and to the ruler of the Babylonians by their own angel the caring and sovereign power of the providence and lordship of all was conveyed through visions, and for those nations servants of the truly existing God were appointed as rulers, the interpretation of the visions prefigured by the angels having been revealed by God through angels to holy men near to the angels, to Daniel and to Joseph. For there is one principle and providence of all, and one must by no means think that the Deity rules over the Jews by special allotment, while angels, either privately or with equal honor or in opposition, or some other gods, preside over the other nations, but that oracle must be understood according to this sacred meaning, not as if God divided the dominion over us with other gods or angels and was allotted to Israel as its national ruler and leader, but as the one providence of the Most High over all distributed all men for their salvation to the uplifting guidance of their own angels, while Israel alone, almost beyond all others, turned to the light-giving and knowledge of the true Lord. Wherefore theology, signifying that He allotted Israel to Himself for the worship of the truly existing God, says, "The Lord's portion was made," but indicating that it too, equally with the other nations, was assigned to one of the holy angels in order to know through him the one principle of all, it said that Michael leads the people of the Jews, clearly teaching us that there is one providence over all things, super-essentially established above all invisible and visible powers, and that all the angels presiding over each nation, as far as they are able, willingly raise up to it, as to their own principle, those who follow them. <Χ.> <1> It is concluded by us, therefore, that the most ancient ordering of the minds around God, being initiated by the perfecting illumination, in that it is raised up immediately to it, by a more hidden and more manifest light-giving of the Deity, is purified and is illuminated and is perfected, more hidden, as being more intelligible and more simplifying and unifying, but more manifest, as being first-given and first-manifested and more universal and poured out more into it as being transparent, and by this again, analogously, the second, and by the second the third, and by the third our hierarchy, according to the same law of well-ordered arrangement, in divine harmony and analogy hierarchically toward the supra-principal principle and consummation of all good order

ἐξ ὧν καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀνενεύσαμεν ἐπὶ τὸ πᾶσιν ἑτοίμως εἰς μετάδοσιν ἀναπεπ ταμένον τοῦ θεαρχικοῦ φωτὸς ἄπειρόν τε καὶ ἄφθονον πέλαγος, οὐκ ἔκφυλοί τινες ἐπεστάτουν θεοί, μία δὲ πάντων ἀρχὴ καὶ πρὸς ταύτην ἀνῆγον τοὺς ἑπομένους οἱ καθ' ἕκαστον ἔθνος ἱεραρχοῦντες ἄγγελοι, τὸν Μελχισεδὲκ ἐννοητέον ἱεράρχην ὄντα φιλοθεώτατον οὐ τῶν οὐκ ὄντων, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ὄντως ὄντος ὑψίστου θεοῦ. Καὶ γὰρ οὐχ ἁπλῶς τὸν Μελχισεδὲκ οἱ θεόσοφοι οὐ φιλόθεον μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ἱερέα κεκλήκασιν ἢ ἵνα τοῖς ἐχέφροσιν ἐναργῶς ἐμφαίνωσιν ὅτι μὴ μόνον αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τὸν ὄντως ὄντα θεὸν ἐπέστραπτο, προσέτι δὲ καὶ ἄλλοις ὡς ἱεράρχης ἡγεῖτο τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν ἀληθῆ καὶ μόνην θεαρχίαν ἀναγωγῆς. <4> Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ τὴν σὴν ἱεραρχικὴν σύνεσιν ὑπομνήσωμεν ὅτι καὶ τῷ Φαραὼ πρὸς τοῦ τοῖς Aἰγυπτίοις ἐπιστατοῦντος ἀγγέλου καὶ τῷ <τῶν> Βαβυλωνίων ἄρχοντι πρὸς τοῦ οἰκείου [καὶ] τὸ τῆς πάντων προνοίας καὶ κυριότητος κηδεμονικὸν καὶ ἐξουσιαστικὸν κατὰ τὰς ὁράσεις διεπορθμεύετο καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἐκείνοις οἱ τοῦ ὄντως <ὄντος> θεοῦ θερά ποντες ἡγεμόνες καθίσταντο, τῆς τῶν τυπωθεισῶν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων ὁράσεων ἐκφαντορίας τοῖς τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐγγὺς ἱεροῖς ἀνδράσι, τῷ ∆ανιὴλ καὶ τῷ Ἰωσήφ, ἐκ θεοῦ δι' ἀγγέλων ἀποκαλυφθείσης. Μία γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάντων ἀρχὴ καὶ πρόνοια, καὶ οὐδαμῶς οἰητέον Ἰουδαίων μὲν ἀποκληρωτικῶς ἡγεῖσθαι τὴν θεαρχίαν, ἀγγέλους δὲ ἰδίως ἢ ὁμοτίμως ἢ ἀντιθέτως ἢ θεούς τινας ἑτέρους ἐπιστατεῖν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἔθνεσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ λόγιον ἐκεῖνο κατὰ τήνδε τὴν ἱερὰν ἔννοιαν ἐκληπτέον οὐχ ὡς μερισαμένου θεοῦ μεθ' ἑτέρων θεῶν ἢ ἀγγέλων τὴν καθ' ἡμᾶς ἡγεμονίαν καὶ τῷ Ἰσραὴλ εἰς ἐθνάρχην καὶ ἐθναγὸν ἀποκληρωθέντος, ἀλλ' ὡς αὐτῆς μὲν τῆς μιᾶς ἁπάντων ὑψίστου προνοίας πάντας ἀνθρώπους σωστικῶς ταῖς τῶν οἰκείων ἀγγέλων ἀνατατικαῖς χειραγωγίαις διανειμάσης, μόνου δὲ σχεδὸν παρὰ πάντας τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ ὄντως κυρίου φωτο δοσίαν καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν ἐπιστραφέντος. Ὅθεν ἡ θεολογία τὸ μὲν ἑαυτὸν ἀποκληρῶσαι τὸν Ἰσραὴλ ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ ὄντως <ὄντος> θεοῦ θεραπείαν ἐμφαίνουσα τὸ «Ἐγενήθη μερὶς κυρίου» φησίν, ἐνδεικνυμένη δὲ τὸ καὶ αὐτὸν ἐν ἴσῳ τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀπονεμηθῆναί τινι τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων εἰς τὸ δι' αὐτοῦ τὴν μίαν ἁπάντων ἀρχὴν ἐπιγνῶναι τὸν Μιχαὴλ ἔφη τοῦ Ἰουδαίων ἡγεῖσθαι λαοῦ, σαφῶς ἡμᾶς ἐκδιδάσκουσα τὸ μίαν εἶναι τῶν ὅλων πρόνοιαν ἁπασῶν τῶν ἀοράτων καὶ ὁρατῶν δυνάμεων ὑπερ ουσίως ὑπεριδρυμένην, πάντας δὲ τοὺς καθ' ἕκαστον ἔθνος ἐπιστατοῦντας ἀγγέλους ἐπ' αὐτὴν ὡς οἰκείαν ἀρχὴν τοὺς ἑπομένους ἐθελουσίως ὅση δύναμις ἀνατείνοντας. <Χ.> <1> Συνῆκται τοίνυν ἡμῖν ὡς ἡ μὲν πρεσβυτάτη τῶν περὶ θεὸν νοῶν διακόσμησις ὑπὸ τῆς τελεταρχικῆς ἐλλάμψεως ἱεραρχουμένη τῷ ἐπ' αὐτὴν ἀμέσως ἀνατείνεσθαι κρυφιωτέρᾳ καὶ φανοτέρᾳ τῆς θεαρχίας φωτο δοσίᾳ καθαίρεται καὶ φωτίζεται καὶ τελεσιουργεῖται, κρυφιωτέρᾳ μὲν ὡς νοητοτέρᾳ καὶ μᾶλλον ἁπλωτικῇ καὶ ἑνοποιῷ, φανοτέρᾳ δὲ ὡς πρωτο δότῳ καὶ πρωτοφανεῖ καὶ ὁλικωτέρᾳ καὶ μᾶλλον εἰς αὐτὴν ὡς διειδῆ κεχυμένῃ, πρὸς ταύτης δὲ πάλιν ἀναλόγως ἡ δευτέρα καὶ πρὸς τῆς δευτέρας ἡ τρίτη καὶ πρὸς τῆς τρίτης ἡ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἱεραρχία κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τῆς εὐκόσμου ταξιαρχίας θεσμὸν ἐν ἁρμονίᾳ θείᾳ καὶ ἀναλογίᾳ πρὸς τὴν ἁπάσης εὐκοσμίας ὑπεράρχιον ἀρχὴν καὶ περάτωσιν ἱεραρχικῶς