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that is, having filled the measure, he confesses that I have been filled. But the name having been transferred into Greek, as I said, from the modi; it is called a modios because of its plainness. And a kabos from that same dialect is a different measure, namely the fourth part of a modios. And a choinix and a hyphe are one thing, but it is called by a double name. And it is of two xestai and a fraction. A handful of flour; this is uncomplicated and clear to all. Artabe, this measure was called so among the Egyptians. And it is of 72 xestai. And from much precision this also was put together thus: for seventy-two men were then building the tower, when also from one language they were confused into seventy-two languages; whence they were also called meropes for the divided speech. And the metrētēs also has the same measure of 72 xestai according to the holy measure. Three measures of fine flour, which for the angels Abraham commanded Sarah to prepare, from which three measures he instructed cakes of bread to be made. And each of these measures held a gomor. And the gomor was a tenth of the great measure, that is, of the artabe, which comes to seven and a fifth xestai. And in the same modios of the gomor there are again three measures, which came from 2 and 1/3 xestai. Three kana of groats, where they were accustomed then to store the groats in new vessels. And it is a kind of grain cut in two. A nebel of wine, which is a measure of 150 xestai, which makes 3 liquid sata. For the liquid saton is of 56 xestai. An alabastron of myrrh, is a glass vessel holding a litra of oil. And the measure is half of a xestes. And it is called an alabastron because it is easily broken, being likened to salt. A kampsakēs of water is a measure of twelve xestai. But the one prepared for Elijah, which was also a kampsakēs, was a measure of four xestai. A kotylē is half a xestēs; and it is called a kotylē from the xestēs being cut in two. A kyathos is a sixth of a xestēs. And Scripture calls the kyathoi medekōth. And it calls masmarōth the strainers, which we also call ithmoi. And both are used by the same name, since they also have the same function. A tryblion is a saucer in its form, or a side-dish, and it has a measure of half a xestēs. The Alexandrian xestēs bears the weight of two litrai in oil. Aporryma is measured among the Thebans only. For it is half of the saitēs. And the true saitēs is of 22 xestai. Sabitha. This name is Syriac, which is interpreted a wine-press measure, among the Ascalonites of 22 xestai. In. The large in is of 18 xestai, and the holy in of 9 xestai. A chous is of 8 xestai. And the one called holy of six xestai, which is a twelfth of a metrētēs. A talanton is the measure exceeding every weighed unit, and according to poundage it is of 125 litrai. Six thousand lepta of the talanton, which lepta are called assaria. And sixty assaria is the dēnarion. And one hundred dēnaria was the argyrous, and from the beginning the coin was struck as an argyrous. And from the assaria from the beginning this came into circulation. And they say that Abraham introduced the type into the land of Canaan. And the one hundred and twenty-fifth part of the talanton is one litra. And the litra is of 12 ounkiai. And the ounkia has two statēres. And the statēr is half an ounkia, having two didrachma. The siklon is also called a kodrantēs. And the siklon was a fourth part of an ounkia, and half of a statēr, having two drachmai. For the drachmē was an eighth of an ounkia. And the drachmē was also called a holkē of the same weight. And I say that also by the siklos they weighed the hair of Absalom at the time when he was shorn, having a weight of 125 sikloi, which is 31 ounkiai and one siklos, as two and a half litrai and one siklos. An obolos itself also was struck in silver coins. And this also was an eighth of an ounkia, not made from silver, but from iron. And there was also another obolos struck from silver, being a coin, which was very small, and was an eightieth of an ounkia. For it says in Leviticus "and the

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τουτέστι πλήσας τὸ μέτρον ὁμολογεῖ ὅτι πεπλήρωμαι. Μετενεχθὲν δὲ τὸ ὄνομα εἰς ἑλληνίδα, ὡς ἔφην, ἀπὸ τοῦ μόδι ; μόδιος κέκληται διὰ τὴν τρανότητα. Κάβος δὲ ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς διαλέκτου διάφορον μέτρον ἐστὶν ἤγουν τὸ τέταρτον μοδίου. Χοῖνιξ δὲ καὶ ὑφὴ ἓν μέν ἐστι, διττῷ δὲ ὀνόματι κέκληται. Ἔστι δὲ δύο ξεστῶν καὶ ποστημορίου. ∆ρὰξ ἀλεύρου· τοῦτο ἀπερίεργόν ἐστι καὶ πᾶσι δῆλον. Ἀρτάβη, τοῦτο τὸ μέτρον παρ' Αἰγυπτίοις ἐκλήθη. Ἔστι δὲ οβʹ ξεστῶν. Ἐκ πολλῆς δὲ ἀκριβείας καὶ τοῦτο οὕτως συνήχθη· ἑβδομήκοντα δύο γὰρ ἄνδρες τότε τὸν πύργον ᾠκοδόμουν, ὅτε καὶ εἰς ἑβδομήκοντα δύο γλώσσας ἐκ μιᾶς συνεχέθησαν· ὅθεν καὶ μέροπες ἐκλήθησαν εἰς τὴν μεμερισμένην φωνήν. Τὸ δ' αὐτὸ καὶ ὁ μετρητὴς τὸ μέτρον ἔχει τῶν οβʹ ξεστῶν κατὰ τὸ μέτρον τὸ ἅγιον. Τρία μέτρα σεμιδάλεως, ἃ τοῖς ἀγγέλοις Ἀβραὰμ τῇ Σάρρᾳ ἑτοιμάζειν προσέταττεν, ἐξ ὧν τριῶν μέτρων ἐγκρυφίαν ἄρτου γενέσθαι ἐνετείλατο. Ταῦτα δὲ τὰ μέτρα ἕκαστον γόμορ ἐχώρει. Τὸ δὲ γόμορ δέκατον ἦν τοῦ μεγάλου μέτρου, τοῦτ' ἔστι τῆς ἀρτάβης, ὃ γίνεται ἑπτὰ ξεστῶν καὶ πέμπτον. Ἐν δὲ τῷ αὐτῷ μοδίῳ τοῦ γόμορ τρία μέτρα πάλιν ὑπάρχει, ἃ ἐγένοντο ἀπὸ ξεστῶν βʹ καὶ γʹ. Τρία κανᾶ χονδριτῶν, ἔνθα εἰώθασι τότε ἐν τοῖς καινοῖς ἀποτιθέναι τοὺς χονδρίτας. Ἔστι δὲ εἶδος σίτου εἰς δύο τεμνομένου. Νέβελ οἴνου, ὅπερ ἐστὶ μέτρον ξεστῶν ρνʹ, ὃ ποιεῖ ὑγρὰ σάτα γʹ. Τὸ γὰρ ὑγρὸν σάτον νϛʹ ξεστῶν ὑπάρχει. Ἀλάβαστρον μύρου, βικίον μὲν ὑέλινόν ἐστιν χωροῦν λίτραν ἐλαίου. Τὸ δὲ μέτρον ἐστὶ ξέστου τὸ ἥμισυ. Ἀλάβαστρον δὲ κέκληται διὰ τὸ εὔθρυπτον, ἁλὶ ἀπεικαζόμενον. Καμψάκης ὕδατος δώδεκα μὲν ξεστῶν ἐστὶ τὸ μέτρον. Ὁ δὲ τῷ Ἠλίᾳ ἑτοιμασθεὶς ὁ καὶ αὐτὸς καμψάκης ἦν τεσσάρων ξεστῶν τὸ μέτρον. Κοτύλη ἥμισυ ξέστου ὑπάρχει· κέκληται δὲ κοτύλη ἀπὸ τοῦ τὸν ξέστην εἰς δύο κόπτεσθαι. Κύαθός ἐστιν ἕκτον ξέστου. Μεδεκὼθ δὲ λέγει τοὺς κυάθους ἡ Γραφή. Τὰ δὲ μασμαρὼθ λέγει τοὺς διυλιστῆρας, οὓς καὶ ἰθμοὺς καλοῦμεν. Τῷ αὐτῷ δὲ ὀνόματι ἀμφότερα κέχρηνται, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐνέργειαν ἔχουσι. Τρυβλίον ὀψόβαφόν ἐστι τὴν πλάσιν, ἤτοι παροψίς, ἥμισυ δὲ ξέστου τὸ μέτρον ἔχει. Ξέστης ὁ Ἀλεξανδρινὸς δύο λιτρῶν φέρει ὁλκὴν ἐν τῷ ἐλαίῳ. Ἀπόρρυμα παρὰ μόνοις Θηβαίοις μετρεῖται. Ἥμισυ γὰρ τοῦ σαΐτου ἐστίν. Ὁ δὲ ἀληθινὸς σαΐτης ξεστῶν ἐστιν κβʹ. Σαβιθά. Τοῦτον συριατικόν ἐστι τὸ ὄνομα, ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται ληνιαῖον ἄντλημα, παρὰ Ἀσκαλωνίταις ξεστῶν κβʹ. Ἴν. Τὸ ἲν μέγα ξεστῶν ἐστὶ ιηʹ, τὸ δὲ ἅγιον ἲν ξεστῶν θʹ. Χοῦς ἐστὶ ξεστῶν ηʹ. Τὸ δὲ καλούμενον ἅγιον ξεστῶν ἕξ, ὅ ἐστι δωδέκατον μετρητοῦ. Τάλαντόν ἐστι τὸ ὑπερβάλλον πᾶν σταθμιζόμενον μέτρον, κατὰ δὲ τὸν λιτρισμὸν ρκεʹ λιτρῶν ὑπάρχει. Ἑξακισχίλια λεπτὰ τοῦ ταλάντου, ἃ λεπτὰ καλεῖται ἀσσάρια. Ἑξήκοντα δὲ ἀσσάρια ὑπάρχει τὸ δηνάριον. Ἑκατὸν δὲ δηνάρια ὑπῆρχεν ὁ ἀργυροῦς, ἀπ' ἀρχῆς δὲ ἐτυπώθη ἀργυροῦς τὸ νόμισμα. Ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἀσσαρίων ἀπ' ἀρχῆς τοῦτο ἐφοίτησε. Φασὶ δὲ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ εἰς τὴν Χαναναίαν τὸν τύπον ἐνηνοχέναι. Τοῦ δὲ ταλάντου τὸ ἑκατοστὸν εἰκοστὸν πέμπτον λίτρα μία. Ἡ δὲ λίτρα ιβʹ οὐγγιῶν ὑπάρχει. Ἡ δὲ οὐγγία ἔχει στατῆρας δύο. Ὁ δὲ στατὴρ ἥμισυ μέν ἐστιν οὐγγίας, ἔχων δύο δίδραγμα. Καλεῖται δὲ καὶ ὁ κοδράνης τὸ σίκλον. Τὸ δὲ σίκλον τὸ τέταρτον μὲν ἦν τῆς οὐγγίας, ἥμισυ δὲ τοῦ στατῆρος, δύο δραγμὰς ἔχον. Ὄγδοον γὰρ τῆς οὐγγίας ἦν ἡ δραγμή. Ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ καὶ ὁλκὴ ἡ δραγμὴ τοῦ αὐτοῦ σταθμοῦ. Φημὶ δὲ ὡς καὶ τῷ σίκλῳ τὴν τρίχα τοῦ Ἀβεσαλὼμ ἐστάθμιζον κατὰ τὸν καιρόν, ὃν ἐκουρεύετο, ὁλκὴν ἐχούσης ρκεʹ σίκλων, ὃ ἐστὶ λαʹ οὐγγίας καὶ σίκλου ἑνός, ὡς δύο ἥμισυ λιτρῶν καὶ σίκλου ἑνός. Ὀβολὸς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν ἀργύροις ἐτυποῦτο. Ὄγδοον δὲ ἦν καὶ οὗτος τῆς οὐγγίας, οὐκ ἐξ ἀργύρου πεποιημένος, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ σιδήρου. Ἦν δὲ καὶ ἕτερος ὀβολὸς ἐξ ἀργύρου τυπούμενος, νόμισμα ὤν, ὃ ἦν λεπτότατον, ὀγδοηκοστὸν δὲ ἦν τῆς οὐγγίας. Λέγει γὰρ ἐν τῷ Λευιτικῷ «τὸ δὲ