John Chrysostom, On the Tempting Devil

such a one be swallowed up, and we be taken advantage of by Satan; let us snatch the man from the throat of the beast, he says. For the Apostle often used the devil as a public executioner; and executioners punish sinners, not indeed as much as they wish, but as much as the judges permit; for this is the law for an executioner, to punish while attending to the nod of the judge. Have you seen to how great a dignity the Apostle has ascended? He who is clothed in a body used the incorporeal one as an executioner, and what the common Master says to the devil concerning Job, commanding thus, Touch his flesh, but do not touch his soul, giving him limits and measures of punishments, so that the beast, being rash, might not leap upon him more shamelessly, this the Apostle also does; for having delivered to him the one who had fornicated, he says: For the destruction of the flesh; that is, Do not touch his soul. Have you seen the authority of a servant? Therefore, do not fear the devil, even if he is incorporeal; for he has offended; and nothing is weaker than one who has offended, even if he is not clothed in a body; just as nothing is stronger than one who has confidence, even if he bears about a mortal body. 5. All these things have been said by me now, not that I might absolve the devil of his charges, but that I might free you from your indolence. For he very much wishes to bring the blame for our sins upon himself, so that, being nourished by these hopes and approaching every form of wickedness, we might increase the punishment against ourselves, obtaining no pardon from shifting the blame onto him; just as Eve also did not obtain it. But let us not do this, but let us recognize ourselves, let us recognize our wounds; for thus we will be able to apply the medicines; for he who is ignorant of his disease will take no care of his illness. We have sinned much; I know it too; for we are all under penance; but we have not been deprived of forgiveness, nor have we fallen away from repentance; for we are still standing in the arena, and are in the contests of repentance. Are you an old man and have you reached the final departure? Do not think that even so you have fallen from repentance, nor de 49.263 spair of your own salvation, but think of the thief who was freed on the cross. For what is shorter than that hour, in which he was crowned? but nevertheless it was sufficient for his salvation. Are you young? Do not be confident in your youth, nor think that you have a sufficient period of life; For the day of the Lord so comes as a thief in the night. For this reason He made our end uncertain, that we might make our diligence and foresight certain. Do you not see those who are snatched away untimely each day? for this reason someone advises: Do not wait to turn to the Lord, nor put it off from day to day, lest, while you delay, you be utterly destroyed. Let the old man have that exhortation; let the young man have this admonition. But are you in security, and are you rich, and do you take pride in your wealth, and does nothing terrible happen to you? but hear what Paul says: But when they say peace and security, then sudden destruction comes upon them. Affairs are full of great change; we are not masters of our end; let us become masters of virtue; our Master, Christ, is a lover of mankind. Do you wish me to speak also of the ways of repentance? There are some that are many and various and different, and they all lead to heaven. The first way of repentance is the condemnation of sins; For declare your sins first, that you may be justified; wherefore also the prophet said: I said, I will confess my transgression against myself to the Lord, and you forgave the ungodliness of my heart. Therefore, condemn your sins also; this is sufficient for the Master for a defense; for he who condemns his sins is more reluctant to fall into the same ones again. Stir up the accuser within, your conscience, so that not

καταποθῇ ὁ τοιοῦτος, καὶ πλεονεκτηθῶμεν ὑπὸ τοῦ Σατανᾶ· προεξαρπάσωμεν τῆς φάρυγγος τοῦ θηρίου τὸν ἄνθρωπον, φησίν. Ὡς γὰρ δημίῳ πολλάκις ἐχρήσατο τῷ διαβόλῳ ὁ Ἀπόστολος· οἱ δὲ δήμιοι κολάζουσι μὲν τοὺς ἡμαρτηκότας, οὐ μὴν ὅσον βούλονται, ἀλλ' ὅσον οἱ δικάζοντες ἐπιτρέπουσιν· οὗτος γὰρ δημίου νόμος, τῷ νεύματι τοῦ δικαστοῦ προσέχοντα τιμωρεῖσθαι. Εἶδες εἰς ὅσον ἀξίωμα ἀνέβη ὁ Ἀπόστολος; Ὁ σῶμαπερικείμενος τῷ ἀσωμάτῳ ὡς δημίῳ ἐχρήσατο, καὶ ὅπερ ὁ κοινὸς ∆εσπότης λέγει τῷ διαβόλῳ περὶ τοῦ Ἰὼβ, παραγγέλλων οὕτως, Ἅψαι τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ, πλὴν τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ μὴ ἅψῃ, ὅρους αὐτῷ διδοὺς καὶ μέτρα τιμωριῶν, ἵνα μὴ προπετὲς ὂν τὸ θηρίον ἀναισχυντότερον ἐπιπηδήσῃ, τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Ἀπόστολος ποιεῖ· παραδοὺς γὰρ αὐτῷ τὸν πεπορνευκότα, φησίν· Εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός· τοῦτ' ἔστι, Τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ μὴ ἅψῃ. Εἶδες αὐθεντίαν οἰκέτου; Μὴ τοίνυν φοβοῦ τὸν διάβολον, κἂν ἀσώματος ᾖ· προσέκρουσε γάρ· οὐδὲν δὲ τοῦ προσκεκρουκότος ἀσθενέστερον, κἂν μὴ σῶμα περικείμενος ᾖ· ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲν τοῦ παῤῥησίαν ἔχοντος ἰσχυρότερον, κἂν σῶμα περιφέρῃ θνητόν. εʹ. Ταῦτά μοι πάντα εἴρηται νῦν, οὐχ ἵνα τὸν διάβολον ἐγκλημάτων ἀπαλλάξω, ἀλλ' ἵνα ὑμᾶς ἐλευθερώσω τῆς ῥᾳθυμίας. Καὶ γὰρ σφόδρα βούλεται ἐκεῖνος τῶν ἡμετέρων ἁμαρτημάτων ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν αἰτίαν, ἵνα ταύταις ταῖς ἐλπίσι τρεφόμενοι, καὶ πᾶν εἶδος κακίας ἐπιόντες, πολλὴν αὐξήσωμεν καθ' ἑαυτῶν τὴν κόλασιν, οὐδεμιᾶς τυγχάνοντες συγγνώμης ἀπὸ τοῦ μετατιθέναι ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὴν αἰτίαν· ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ ἡ Εὔα ἔτυχεν. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς μὴ τοῦτο ποιῶμεν, ἀλλ' ἐπιγνῶμεν ἑαυτοὺς, ἐπιγνῶμεν τὰ τραύματα· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τὰ φάρμακα ἐπιθεῖναι δυνησόμεθα· ὁ γὰρ τὴν νόσον ἀγνοῶν οὐδεμίαν ποιήσεται τῆς ἀῤῥωστίας ἐπιμέλειαν. Ἡμάρτομεν πολλά· οἶδα κἀγώ· πάντες γάρ ἐσμεν ἐν ἐπιτιμίοις· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀπεστερήμεθα συγγνώμης, οὐδὲ ἐξεπέσομεν μετανοίας· ἔτι γὰρ ἐν τῷ σκάμματι ἑστήκαμεν, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι τῆς μετανοίας ἐσμέν. Γέρων εἶ καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐσχάτην ἀπήντηκας ἔξοδον; Μὴ νομίσῃς μηδὲ οὕτως ἐκπεπτωκέναι μετανοίας, μηδὲ ἀπο 49.263 γνῷς τῆς σωτηρίας τῆς ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλ' ἐννόησον τὸν λῃστὴν τὸν ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ ἐλευθερωθέντα. Τί γὰρ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης βραχύτερον, καθ' ἣν ἐστεφανοῦτο; ἀλλ' ὅμως ἤρκεσεν αὐτῷ καὶ αὕτη πρὸς σωτηρίαν. Νέος εἶ; μὴ θαρσήσῃς τῇ νεότητι, μηδὲ νομίσῃς ἱκανὴν ἔχειν προθεσμίαν τῆς ζωῆς· Ἡ γὰρ ἡμέρα Κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτὶ, οὕτως ἔρχεται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἄδηλον ἡμῶν ἐποίησε τὴν τελευτὴν, ἵνα δήλην ποιησώμεθα τὴν σπουδὴν καὶ τὴν πρόνοιαν. Οὐχ ὁρᾷς ἀώρους καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἀναρπαζομένους; διὰ τοῦτο παραινεῖ τις· Μὴ ἀνάμενε ἐπιστρέψαι πρὸς Κύριον, μηδὲ ἀναβάλλου ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας, μή ποτε, ὡς μέλλεις, ἐκτριβῇς. Ὁ γέρων ἐκείνην ἐχέτω τὴν παραίνεσιν· ὁ νέος ταύτην ἐχέτω τὴν νουθεσίαν. Ἀλλ' ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ εἶ, καὶ πλουτεῖς, καὶ κομᾷς χρήμασι, καὶ οὐδέν σοι γίνεται δεινόν; ἀλλ' ἄκουσον τί φησιν ὁ Παῦλος· Ὅταν δὲ λέγωσιν εἰρήνην καὶ ἀσφάλειαν, τότε αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς ἐφίσταται ὄλεθρος. Πολλῆς γέμει μεταβολῆς τὰ πράγματα· οὐκ ἐσμὲν κύριοι τῆς τελευτῆς· γενώμεθα κύριοι τῆς ἀρετῆς· φιλάνθρωπός ἐστιν ὁ ∆εσπότης ἡμῶν Χριστός. Βούλεσθε εἴπω καὶ μετανοίας ὁδούς; Πολλαί τινές εἰσι καὶ ποικίλαι καὶ διάφοροι, καὶ πᾶσαι πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν φέρουσιν. Ἔστι πρώτη μετανοίας ὁδὸς ἁμαρτημάτων κατάγνωσις· Λέγε γὰρ σὺ πρῶτος τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου, ἵνα δικαιωθῇς· διὸ καὶ ὁ προφήτης ἔφη· Εἶπα· Ἐξαγορεύσω κατ' ἐμοῦ τὴν ἀνομίαν μου τῷ Κυρίῳ, καὶ σὺ ἀφῆκας τὴν ἀσέβειαν τῆς καρδίας μου. Κατάγνωθι τοίνυν καὶ σὺ τῶν ἡμαρτημένων· ἀρκεῖ τοῦτο τῷ ∆εσπότῃ πρὸς ἀπολογίαν· ὁ γὰρ καταγνοὺς τῶν ἡμαρτημένων, ὀκνηρότερός ἐστι πρὸς τὸ τοῖς αὐτοῖς πάλιν περιπεσεῖν. Κίνησον τὸν κατήγορον ἔνδον τὸ σὸν συνειδὸς, ἵνα μὴ