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whether it was necessary to circumcise those who believed from the Gentiles, or to compel them to endure nothing of the sort. Then this Paul himself and Silas went up. How then does he say, ‘I did not go up, nor did I confer’? Because, first, he did not go up on his own, but was sent by others; and second, he did not arrive in order to learn, but to persuade others. For from the beginning he himself held this opinion, which the apostles also later ratified, that it was not necessary to be circumcised; but since he did not yet seem credible to them, but they paid attention to those in Jerusalem, he went up, not to learn anything more himself, but to persuade those who opposed him that those in Jerusalem also vote for these things.

Thus also from the beginning he understood what was necessary, and needed no teacher, but what the apostles were to ratify after much deliberation, these things he himself, before the deliberation, held immovably within himself from above. And Luke, indicating these things, said that Paul delivered a long and lengthy discourse to them concerning these matters even before coming to Jerusalem. But since it seemed good to the brethren to learn also about those matters, he went up on their behalf, not on his own. But if he says, ‘I did not go up,’ it is also possible to say that neither at the beginning of his preaching did he go up, nor when he went up, did he go up in order to learn. For indeed he signifies both these things, saying, ‘Immediately I did not confer with flesh and blood.’ He did not say simply, ‘I did not confer,’ but ‘Immediately.’ And if he went up after this, it was not in order to receive anything. But I went away into Arabia. Behold a fervent soul; he was eager to occupy places not yet tilled, but still in a wilder state. For if he had waited with the apostles, having nothing to learn, the preaching would have been hindered; for it was necessary for them to spread the word everywhere. For this reason this blessed man, fervent in spirit, immediately took up the teaching of barbarous and wild people, choosing a life of struggle, and one having much toil.

11. And behold his humility. For having said, ‘I went away into Arabia,’

he added, ‘and again I returned to Damascus.’ He does not speak of his achievements, nor whom he catechized and how many, although at the time of his baptism he showed such zeal as to confound the Jews, and brought them to such a state of irritation that both they and the Greeks lay in wait and wished to kill him; which would not have happened, if he had not made a great addition to the believers. For since they were being defeated by his teaching, they finally turned to murder, which was a clear sign 61.631 of Paul’s victory. But Christ did not allow him to die, preserving him for the preaching; but nevertheless he says nothing of these achievements; so everything he says, he says not for the sake of ambition, nor to be thought greater than the apostles, nor because he is stung by being disparaged, but fearing that some harm might come to the preaching from this. For he calls himself one born out of due time, and the first of sinners, and the last of the apostles, and unworthy of such a title; and he who labored more than all said these things, which is the greatest humility. For one who is conscious of no good in himself, but says humble things about himself, is sensible, not humble; but he who after so many crowns utters such things, he is the one who knows how to be modest. ‘And again I returned,’ he says, ‘to Damascus.’ And yet how many things was it likely he had accomplished there? For concerning this city he says that the ethnarch of Aretas the king was guarding the whole of it, wishing to capture this blessed man; which was the greatest sign that he was vigorously and powerfully driving the Jews. But he says none of these things here, nor would he have placed them there at that time, if he had not also then seen that the occasion demanded

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πότερον χρὴ περιτέμνειν τοὺς ἐξ ἐθνῶν πιστεύοντας, ἢ μηδὲν τοιοῦτον ἀναγκάζειν αὐτοὺς ὑπομένειν. Τότε ἀνῆλθεν αὐτὸς οὗτος ὁ Παῦλος καὶ Σίλας. Πῶς οὖν φησιν, Οὐκ ἀνῆλθον, οὐδὲ ἀνεθέμην; Ὅτι πρῶτον μὲν οὐκ αὐτὸς ἀνῆλθεν, ἀλλ' ἀπεστάλη παρ' ἑτέρων· δεύτερον δὲ οὐ μαθησόμενος παρεγένετο, ἀλλ' ἑτέρους πείθων. Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ταύτης εἴχετο τῆς γνώμης, ἣν καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι μετὰ ταῦτα ἐκύρωσαν τὸ μὴ δεῖν περιτέμνεσθαι· ἐπειδὴ δὲ αὐτοῖς οὐκ ἐδόκει τέως ἀξιόπιστος εἶναι, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις προσεῖχον, ἀνῆλθεν, οὐκ αὐτός τι εἰσόμενος πλέον, ἀλλὰ πείσων τοὺς ἀντιλέγοντας, ὅτι καὶ οἱ ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις τούτοις ψηφίζονται.

Οὕτω καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τὰ δέοντα συνεώρα, καὶ οὐδενὸς ἐδεῖτο διδασκάλου, ἀλλ' ἃ μετὰ πολλὴν διάκρισιν ἔμελλον οἱ ἀπόστολοι κυροῦν, ταῦτα αὐτὸς πρὸ τῆς διακρίσεως ἄνωθεν ἔσχεν ἀκίνητα παρ' ἑαυτῷ. Καὶ ταῦτα ὁ Λουκᾶς δηλῶν, ἔλεγεν, ὅτι πολὺν καὶ μακρὸν λόγον ὑπὲρ τούτων ἀπέτεινε πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁ Παῦλος καὶ πρὶν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἐλθεῖν. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἔδοξε καὶ περὶ ἐκείνων μαθεῖν, ἀνῆλθεν ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων, οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ. Εἰ δὲ λέγει, Οὐκ ἀνῆλθον, ἔστι κἀκεῖνο εἰπεῖν, ὅτι οὔτε ἐν προοιμίοις τοῦ κηρύγματος ἀνῆλθεν, οὔτε ἡνίκα ἀνῆλθεν, ἐπὶ τῷ μαθεῖν ἀνῆλθε. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ταῦτα ἀμφότερα ἐπισημαίνεται, λέγων· Εὐθέως οὐ προσανεθέμην σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι. Οὐκ εἶπεν ἁπλῶς, Οὐ προσανεθέμην, ἀλλ', Εὐθέως. Εἰ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα ἀνῆλθεν, οὐχ ὑπὲρ τοῦ τι προσλαβεῖν. Ἀλλὰ ἀπῆλθον εἰς Ἀραβίαν. Ὅρα ζέουσαν ψυχήν·τοὺς τόπους ἐσπούδαζε καταλαμβάνειν τοὺς οὐδέπω γεωργηθέντας, ἀλλ' ἀγριώτερον ἔτι διακειμένους. Εἰ γὰρ μετὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἀνέμενεν, οὐδὲν ἔχων μανθάνειν, τὸ κήρυγμα ἂν ἐνεποδίσθη· ἔδει γὰρ αὐτοὺς πανταχοῦ τὸν λόγον διαδοῦναι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὁ μακάριος οὗτος, καὶ ζέων τῷ πνεύματι, τῆς διδασκαλίας εὐθέως ἥπτετο ἀνθρώπων βαρβάρων καὶ ἀγρίων, βίον ἐναγώνιον αἱρούμενος, καὶ πολὺν ἔχοντα τὸν πόνον.

ιαʹ. Καὶ θέα μοι τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Ἀπῆλθον εἰς Ἀραβίαν,

ἐπήγαγε, Καὶ πάλιν ὑπέστρεψα εἰς ∆αμασκόν. Οὐ λέγει τὰ κατορθώματα αὐτοῦ, οὐδὲ τίνας κατήχησε καὶ πόσους, καίτοι γε ἅμα τῷ βαπτισθῆναι τοσοῦτον ἐπεδείξατο ζῆλον, ὡς συγχέειν Ἰουδαίους, καὶ εἰς τοσοῦτον ἤγαγε παροξυσμὸν, ὡς ἐφεδρεύειν καὶ βούλεσθαι αὐτὸν ἀνελεῖν καὶ αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας· ὅπερ οὐκ ἂν ἐγένετο, εἰ μὴ πολλὴν ἐποίησε τοῖς πιστεύουσι τὴν προσθήκην. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἡττῶντο τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, λοιπὸν ἐπὶ φόνον ἐτρέποντο ὅπερ τῆς τοῦ Παύλου νίκης σημεῖον 61.631 καθαρὸν ἦν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ εἴασεν αὐτὸν ὁ Χριστὸς ἀποθανεῖν, τηρῶν αὐτὸν τῷ κηρύγματι· ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδέν φησι τῶν κατορθωμάτων τούτων· οὕτως ἅπερ λέγει πάντα, οὐ φιλοτιμίας ἕνεκεν λέγει, οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ τοῦ νομισθῆναι τῶν ἀποστόλων μείζων, οὐδὲ δακνόμενος ἐπὶ τῷ ἐξευτελίζεσθαι, ἀλλὰ δεδοικὼς μή τι γένηται τῷ κηρύγματι βλάβος ἐντεῦθεν. Καὶ γὰρ ἔκτρωμα ἑαυτὸν καλεῖ, καὶ πρῶτον τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν, καὶ ἔσχατον τῶν ἀποστόλων, καὶ τῆς προσηγορίας τῆς τοιαύτης ἀνάξιον· καὶ ταῦτα ἔλεγεν ὁ πλέον πάντων κοπιάσας, ὅπερ μάλιστά ἐστι ταπεινοφροσύνης. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ μηδὲν ἑαυτῷ συνειδὼς ἀγαθὸν, ταπεινὰ δὲ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ λέγων, εὐγνώμων, οὐ ταπεινόφρων ἐστίν· ὁ δὲ μετὰ τοσούτους στεφάνους τοιαῦτα φθεγγόμενος, ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ὁ μετριάζειν εἰδώς. Καὶ πάλιν ὑπέστρεψα, φησὶν, εἰς ∆αμασκόν. Καίτοι πόσα αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ εἰργάσθαι εἰκὸς ἦν; Περὶ γὰρ τῆς πόλεώς φησι ταύτης, ὅτι πᾶσαν αὐτὴν ὁ ἐθνάρχης Ἀρέτα τοῦ βασιλέως ἐφύλαττε, τὸν μακάριον τοῦτον σαγηνεῦσαι βουλόμενος· ὅπερ σημεῖον μέγιστον ἦν τοῦ σφόδρα καὶ κατὰ κράτος ἐλαύνειν αὐτὸν τοὺς Ἰουδαίους. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων ἐνταῦθα λέγει, οὐδ' ἂν ἐκεῖ αὐτὰ τότε τέθεικεν, εἰ μὴ καὶ τότε τὸν καιρὸν εἶδεν ἐκεῖνον ἀπαιτοῦντα τὴν