the day's army and those stationed in the tetradia, as we have said above, to take from the general two of the most experienced and brave men from those going on watch duty, so that they may be well instructed by them in what they themselves previously did and observed. The tourmarch, having mixed these two men with one of the four tetradia, should send them out, according to the previously described manner of keeping watch, to approach the enemy army in order to hear their voices and the neighing of the horses. Therefore, the two men who previously kept watch on the enemy army in other camps, when all their host was together and encamped, will be able to guess from the host's uproar and commotion and from the neighing of the horses, and from the area in which they pitched their tents—for the space will not be found to be a third of what they occupied in the previous camps, when they all encamped together—and from this it is possible to guess and to understand that the enemy's host is diminished in that area and is not with them in the camp. And how indeed is it not possible to guess this when six thousand men, more or less, and up to twelve thousand horses are missing from the camp, all of whom those who previously kept watch had seen and estimated were there together. 14.5 Because of the uncertainty, then, and so that those on watch may obtain a complete understanding of the truth about this, it is necessary for the tourmarch sent on watch to do this also: having selected eight horsemen, the most experienced men and extremely well-practiced in the roads, to order them either to the right or to the left from the rear, where the tourmarch is stationed, to get in front of the enemy, standing off from their tents by half a mile, and having gotten in front to investigate accurately and to search the roads. And if indeed the enemy horsemen have passed through and were up to two hundred, those who were sent out will discern their passage, let alone up to twelve thousand horses, more or less. For the tracks of so many horses having recently passed will be clearly discerned by those sent out, and returning with great speed to the tourmarch let them report about this and by what road they made their sortie. And the tourmarch should at once with great haste inform the general about this and by what road they went. 14.6 Therefore the general must take counsel on these matters with the generals and other experienced men with him. And if he sees that his own army has the strength to be set in battle array against the enemy's army, let him be prepared for battle against them, especially if his infantry force is also nearby, able to unite with him on the same day. If, then, the place in which the enemy is bivouacked has a fortification for their security or a difficult stream to cross, he must not equip for war against them; but if it is level on all sides, and especially if the infantry is able to arrive on the day of the battle's engagement, let him be prepared for this. 14.7 But if the place has a defensive position, as we said, and the infantry force is lacking, it is necessary to set out with great speed to catch the enemy raiders, and to send a capable officer to take up the tracks of the enemies who have set out on a raiding sortie; and he himself with all the host, marching from the flank, should hasten, marching more swiftly, to get near, as he well knows the roads on which the enemy marches; and let him march with security. And when the dawn of day approaches, let him send out watchmen to spy on the enemy; and going up to high hills let them strive to see them. 14.8 And when it is day, the general should hide his own host, so that the enemy, seeing its dust, is not more likely to be ambushed by them. And being informed, either by those following the raiding party or by those on reconnaissance and watch duty

ἡμέρας τὸ φοσσᾶτον καὶ εἰς τὰ τετράδια ἱσταμένους, καθὼς ἀνωτέρω εἰρήκαμεν, δύο ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐμπειροτάτους καὶ ἀνδρείους τῶν εἰς τὴν παραμονὴν ἀπερχομένων παρὰ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ λαμβάνειν, ἵνα καλῶς παρ' αὐτῶν ἀναδιδάσκωνται οἷα πρότερον κἀκεῖνοι ἐνήργησαν καὶ ἐθεάσαντο. Αὐτοὺς δὲ τοὺς δύο ἀναμίξας ἑνὶ τῶν τεσσάρων τετραδίων ὁ τουρμάρχης ἀποστειλάτω, κατὰ τὸν προεκτεθέντα τύπον τῆς παραμονῆς, ἐγγίσαι τῷ φοσσάτῳ πρὸς τὸ ἀκούειν τὰς φωνὰς αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς χρεμετισμοὺς τῶν ἵππων. Οἱ οὖν δύο ἄνδρες οἱ πρότερον παραμείναντες ἐν ἄλλοις ἀπλήκτοις τῷ φοσσάτῳ, ὅτε καὶ ὁ λαὸς αὐτῶν ἅπας συνῆν καὶ συνηπλήκευε, δυνήσονται στοχάσασθαι ἀπό τε τῆς τοῦ λαοῦ ὀχλαγωγίας καὶ ταραχῆς καὶ τοῦ χρεμετισμοῦ τῶν ἵππων, ἀπό τε τοῦ χώρου ἐν ᾧ τὰς σκηνὰς ἐπήξαντοοὐ γὰρ εὑρεθήσεται ὁ χῶρος τὸ τρίτον μέρος ἔχων, ὧν ἐν τοῖς ὄπισθεν ἀπλήκτοις κατεῖχον, ὅτε ἅπαντες ὁμοῦ συνηπλήκευον, καὶ ἐκ τούτου δυνατόν ἐστι στοχάσασθαι καὶ κατανοῆσαι ὡς ἐπιλείπει ὁ λαὸς τῶν πολεμίων ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ χώρῳ καὶ μὴ εἶναι σὺν αὐτοῖς ἐν τῷ ἀπλήκτῳ. Καὶ πῶς γὰρ οὐ δυνατὸν τοῦτο στοχάσασθαι ὁπόταν ἓξ χιλιάδες ἀνδρῶν, πλεῖον ἢ ἔλασσον, καὶ ἵππων ἄχρι τῶν δώδεκα ἐπιλείπωσιν ἐκ τοῦ ἀπλήκτου, οὓς πάντας ὁμοῦ εἶναι οἱ πρώην παραμείναντες ἑώρων καὶ κατεστοχάζοντο. 14.5 ∆ιὰ οὖν τὸ ἀμφίβολον, πρὸς τὸ καὶ τελείαν λαβεῖν τοὺς παραμένοντας περὶ τούτου τῆς ἀληθείας κατάληψιν, δέον καὶ τοῦτο τὸν εἰς τὴν παραμονὴν ἀποσταλέντα τουρμάρχην διαπράξασθαι· ἱππότας ὀκτώ, ἄνδρας τῶν ἐμπειροτάτων καὶ τὰς ὁδοὺς εἰς ἄκρον ἐξησκημένους ἀπολεξάμενος, διορίσασθαι εἴτε δεξιὰ εἴτε εὐώνυμα ἐκ τῶν ὄπισθεν, ἐν ᾧ ὁ τουρμάρχης ἵσταται, ἔμπροσθεν γενέσθαι τῶν πολεμίων ἀφισταμένους τῶν σκηνῶν μιλίου τὸ ἥμισυ, καὶ ἔμπροσθεν γενομένους ἀκριβῶς ἐρευνῆσαι καὶ τὰς ὁδοὺς ἀναψηλαφῆσαι. Καὶ εἰ ἄρα οἱ τῶν πολεμίων ἱππεῖς διῆλθον καὶ ἄχρι τῶν διακοσίων ὑπῆρχον, διαγνώσουσι τὴν τούτων διάβασιν οἱ ἀποσταλέντες, μή τί γε ἄχρι τῶν δώδεκα χιλιάδων ἵπποι, πλέον ἢ ἔλασσον. Τὰ γὰρ ἴχνη τῶν τοσούτων ἵππων ὡς προσφάτως διελθόντων σαφῶς οἱ ἀποσταλέντες διαγνώσονται, καὶ τάχει πολλῷ πρὸς τὸν τουρμάρχην ὑποστρέφοντες περὶ τούτου ἀπαγγειλάτωσαν καὶ διὰ ποίας ὁδοῦ τὴν ὁρμὴν ἐποιήσαντο. Ὁ δὲ τουρμάρχης παραυτίκα σπουδῇ πολλῇ τῷ στρατηγῷ καταμηνυσάτω περὶ τούτου καὶ διὰ ποίας ὁδοῦ ἐπορεύθησαν. 14.6 ∆εῖ οὖν τὸν στρατηγὸν πρὸς ταῦτα βουλεύσασθαι μετὰ τῶν συνόντων αὐτῷ στρατηγῶν καὶ λοιπῶν ἐμπείρων. Καὶ εἰ μὲν ὁρᾷ τὸ ἑαυτοῦ στράτευμα δύναμιν ἔχον τοῦ ἀντιπαρατάξασθαι τῷ τῶν πολεμίων φοσσάτῳ, πρὸς τὴν κατ' αὐτῶν μάχην παρασκευασθήτω, εἴγε πλησίον ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ τῶν πεζῶν αὐτοῦ στράτευμα, δυνάμενον τῇ αὐτῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἑνωθῆναι αὐτῷ. Εἰ οὖν ἐστιν ὁ χῶρος, ἐν ᾧ οἱ πολέμιοι αὐλίζονται, ὀχύρωμα ἔχων εἰς ἐκείνων ἀσφάλειαν ἢ ῥύακα δυσδιάβατον, οὐ χρὴ πρὸς τὸν κατ' αὐτῶν ἐξαρτύεσθαι πόλεμον· εἰ δὲ ἐφόμαλός ἐστι πανταχόθεν, μάλιστα δὲ καὶ τῶν πεζῶν δυναμένων καταβαλεῖν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τῆς τοῦ πολέμου προσβολῆς, παρασκευασθήτω πρὸς τοῦτο. 14.7 Εἰ δὲ ὁ χῶρος ὀχυρότητα ἔχει, ὡς ἔφημεν, καὶ τὸ πεζικὸν στράτευμα ἐπιλείπει, δέον ὁρμῆσαι τάχει πολλῷ πρὸς τὸ τοὺς κουρσεύοντας τῶν πολεμίων καταλαβεῖν, καὶ ἄρχοντα μὲν χρήσιμον ἀποστεῖλαι τοῦ ἐπιλαβέσθαι τῶν ἰχνῶν τῶν πρὸς τὴν ἐκδρομὴν τοῦ κούρσου ὁρμησάντων πολεμίων· αὐτὸς δὲ μετὰ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ ἐκ πλαγίου περιπατῶν σπευσάτω, ὀξύτερον βαδίζων, πλησίον γενέσθαι, καθὼς τὰς ὁδοὺς ἐξεπίσταται ἐν αἷς οἱ πολέμιοι περιπατοῦσι· καὶ μετ' ἀσφαλείας περιπατείτω. Ἡνίκα δὲ τὸ διάφαυμα τῆς ἡμέρας ἐγγίσει, ἀποστειλάτω βιγλάτορας εἰς κατασκοπὴν τῶν πολεμίων· καὶ εἰς ὑψηλοὺς βουνοὺς ἀνερχόμενοι ἀγωνισάσθωσαν θεάσασθαι αὐτούς. 14.8 Ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἡμέρας γενομένης τὸν ἑαυτοῦ λαὸν ἀποκρυπτέτω, ἵνα μὴ τὸν κονιορτὸν αὐτοῦ οἱ πολέμιοι θεασάμενοι μᾶλλον ἐνεδρευθῇ παρ' αὐτῶν. Καταμηνυόμενος δέ, ἢ παρὰ τῶν ἐπακολουθούντων τῷ κούρσῳ ἢ παρὰ τῶν εἰς ἐπισκοπὴν καὶ βίγλαν