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in a simple form or in a composite. Simple, then, is martur, marturos, ho martus, Charops, Charopos, ho Charopos, "and of lord Charops", Troizen, Troizenos, ho Troizenos, "son of Troizen", Iber, Iberos, ho Iberos", from which in Quadratus in the fifth of the Roman Chiliads it is Iberoisin thus: "And indeed waging war with both Ligurians and Iberians." Habron also says the same in *Paronyms*. And "Iberus himself with a goat-beard" is said in Cratinus's *Malthakoi*. The Iberians are said to be water-drinkers, as Athenaeus says thus in the second book of *Deipnosophistae*: "Phylarchus in the seventh says that all the Iberians are water-drinkers, although they are the wealthiest of all men (for they possess both very much silver and gold), and he says that they always eat one meal a day out of parsimony, and wear very expensive clothes." 24 Concerning Hispania. From where is Hispania named? From Hispanus, a giant so-called. Two Hispanias are provinces of Italy: the great one, and the small one. Charax mentioned this one in the tenth book of *Chronicles*: "In Lesser Hispania, when the Lusitanians outside revolted again, Quintus was sent against them as a general by the Romans." The same person about both together: "Quintus, the Roman polemarch in both Hispanias. And being defeated by Viriathus, he made a truce with him." He says that this was called Iberia in the third book of *Hellenica*: "The Greeks first called Hispania Iberia, not yet having learned the name for the entire nation, but from a part of the land, which is near the Iberus river, and it is named from that, they called the whole of it so;" But later they say it was renamed Panonia. 25 From the history of the blessed Theophanes of Sigriane. In this year Valentinian was not strong enough not only to recover Britannia and Gaul and Hispania, but he also lost western Libya, the country called that of the Afri, in the following manner. There were two generals, Aetius and Boniface, whom Theodosius sent to Rome at the request of Valentinian. But Boniface having received the command of western Libya, Aetius, being envious, slandered him, as if he were plotting a rebellion and hastening to seize Libya. And he said these things to Placidia, the mother of Valentinian. And he also writes to Boniface that: "If you are summoned, do not be willing to come; for you have been slandered, and the emperors wish to seize you by treachery." Boniface, having received this and trusting Aetius as a genuine friend, was summoned but did not come. Then the emperors accepted Aetius as well-disposed. At that time there were Goths and many and very great nations settled as far as the Danube in the hyperborean regions. And more noteworthy of these are Goths, Visigoths, Gepids and Vandals, differing in names only and in nothing else, using one dialect; and all are of the Arian heresy. These, in the time of Arcadius and Honorius, having crossed the Danube, were settled in the land of the Romans. And the Gepids, from whom the Lombards and Avars were later divided, inhabited the areas around Singidunum and Sirmium. The Visigoths, after Alaric sacked Rome, proceeded into Gaul and took control of the regions there. And the Goths, holding Pannonia first, then in the 19th year of the reign of Theodosius the Younger, with his permission, inhabited the regions of Thrace, and having spent 58 years in Thrace, with Theuderic, a patrician and consul, leading them, with Zeno's permission, they took control of the western empire. And the Vandals, having allied with the Alans and the Germans, who are now called Franks, having crossed the river †Ninus†, with Godigisel as their leader, settled in Hispania, which is the first country of Europe from the western Ocean. And Boniface, fearing the Roman emperors, having crossed from Libya, came to Hispania to the Vandals, and finding that Godigisel had died, but that his sons, Guntharic and Geiseric, were managing the rule, having urged them, he promised to divide western Libya into three parts, on the condition that each of the third

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ἁπλῷ σχήματι ἢ ἐν συνθέτῳ. Ἁπλὸν μὲν οὖν μάρτυρ, μάρτυρος, ὁ μάρτυς, Χάροψ, Χάροπος, ὁ Χάροπος, "Χαρόποιό τ' ἄνακτος", Τροίζην, Τροίζηνος, ὁ Τροίζηνος, "υἱὸς Τροιζήνοιο", Ἴβηρ, Ἴβηρος, ὁ Ἴβηρος", ἀφ' οὗ παρὰ Κουαδράτῳ ἐν Ῥωμαϊκῆς χιλιάδος εʹ ἔστιν Ἰβήροισιν οὕτως· "Καί τοι Λίγυσί θ' ἅμα καὶ Ἰβήροισι πολεμέοντες." Τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ Ἅβρων ἐν Παρωνύμοις φησί. Καὶ "αὐτὸς Ἴβηρος τραγοπώγων" ἐν Μαλθακοῖς εἴρηται Κρατίνου. Λέγονται οἱ Ἴβηρες ὑδροποτεῖν, ὡς Ἀθήναιος ἐν ∆ειπνοσοφιστῶν βʹοὕτως· "Φύλαρχος μὲν ἐν τῇ ζʹ καὶ τοὺς Ἴβηράς φησι ὑδροποτεῖν πάντας, καίτοι πλουσιωτάτους πάντων ἀνθρώπων τυγχάνοντας (κέκτηνται γὰρ καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ χρυσὸν πλεῖστον), μονοσιτεῖν τε αὐτοὺς ἀεὶ λέγει διὰ μικρολογίαν, ἐσθῆτάς τε φορεῖν πολυτελεστάτας." 24 Περὶ Ἱσπανίας. Πόθεν εἴρηται Ἱσπανία; Ἀπὸ Ἱσπάνου γίγαντος οὕτω καλομένου. Ἱσπανίαι δύο τῆς Ἰταλίας ἐπαρχίαι· ἡ μὲν μεγάλη, ἡ δὲ μικρά. Ταύτης ἐμνήσθη Χάραξ ἐν ιʹ Χρονικῶν· "Ἐν Ἱσπανίᾳ τῇ μικρᾷ τῇἔξω Λουσιτανῶν πάλιν ἀποστάντων, ἐπέμφθη ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων στρατηγὸς ἐπ' αὐτοὺς Κύιντος." Ὁ αὐτὸς ὁμοῦ περὶ τῶν δύο· "Κύιντος ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων πολέμαρχος ἐν ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς Ἱσπανίαις. Ἡσσώμενοςδὲ ὑπὸ Οὐιριάθου σπονδὰς πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐποιήσατο." Ταύτην κεκλῆσθαί φησιν Ἰβηρίαν ἐν Ἑλληνικῶν γʹ· "Τὴν δὲ Ἱσπανίαν Ἕλληνες τὰ πρῶτἸβηρίαν ἐκάλουν, οὔπω ξύμπαντος τοῦ ἔθνους τὴν προσηγορίαν μεμαθηκότες, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ μέρους τῆς γῆς, ὅ ἐστιν πρὸς ποταμὸν Ἴβηρα, καὶ ἀπ' ἐκείνου ὀνομάζεται, τὴν πᾶσαν οὕτω καλοῦντες·" Ὕστερον δέ φασιν αὐτὴν μετακεκλῆσθαι Πανωνίαν. 25 Ἐκ τῆς ἱστορίας τοῦ ὁσίου Θεοφάνους τῆς Σιγριανῆς. Τούτῳ τῷ ἔτει Οὐαλεντινιανὸς οὐ μόνον Βρεττανίαν καὶ Γαλλίαν καὶ Ἱσπανίαν ἀνασώσασθαι οὐκ ἴσχυσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ἑσπέριον Λιβύην, τὴν τῶν Ἄφρων καλουμένην χώραν προσαπώλεσε τρόπῳ τοιῷδε. ∆ύο στρατηγοὶ ἦσαν, Ἀέτιος καὶ Βονιφάτιος, οὓς Θεοδόσιος κατὰ αἴτησιν Οὐαλεντινιανοῦ εἰς Ῥώμην ἀπέστειλεν. Βονιφάτιος δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς ἑσπερίου Λιβύης λαβών, φθονήσας Ἀέτιος διαβολὴν ποιεῖται κατ' αὐτοῦ, ὡς ἀνταρσίαν μελετῶντος καὶ τῆς Λιβύης κρατῆσαι σπεύδοντος. Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν πρὸς Πλακιδίαν ἔλεγε, τὴν τοῦ Οὐαλεντινιανοῦ μητέρα. Γράφει δὲ καὶ Βονιφατίῳ, ὅτι· "Ἐὰν μεταπεμφθῇς, παραγενέσθαι μὴ θελήσῃς· διεβλήθης γάρ, καὶ δόλῳ σε οἱ βασιλεῖς βούλονται χειρώσασθαι." Ταῦτα δεξάμενος Βονιφάτιος καὶ ὡς γνησίῳ φίλῳ Ἀετίῳ πιστεύσας, μεταπεμφθεὶς οὐ παρεγένετο. Τότε οἱ βασιλεῖς ὡς εὐνοοῦντα τὸν Ἀέτιον ἀπεδέξαντο. Ἦσαν δὲ τῷ τότε Γότθοι καὶ ἔθνη πολλά τε καὶ μέγιστα μέχρι τοῦ ∆ανουβίου ἐν τοῖς ὑπερβορείοις τόποις κατῳκισμένα. Τούτων δὲ ἀξιολογώτερά εἰσι Γότθοι, Ἰσίγοτθοι, Γήπαιδες καὶ Οὐανδῆλοι, ἐν ὀνόμασι μόνον καὶ οὐδενὶ ἑτέρῳ διαλλάττοντες, μιᾷ διαλέκτῳ κεχρημένοι· πάντες δὲ τῆς Ἀρείου ὑπάρχουσι κακοπιστίας. Οὗτοι ἐπ' Ἀρκαδίου καὶ Ὁνωρίου τὸν ∆ανούβιν διαβάντες, ἐν τῇ τῶν Ῥωμαίωνγῇ κατῳκίσθησαν. Καὶ οἱ μὲν Γήπαιδες, ἐξ ὧν ὕστερον διῃρέθησαν Λογγίβαρδοι καὶ Ἄβαρεις, τὰ περὶ Σιγγιδῶνα καὶ Σέρμιον χωρία ᾤκησαν. Οἱ δὲ Ἰσίγοτθοι μετὰ Ἀλάριχον τὴν Ῥώμην πορθήσαντες,εἰς Γαλλίας ἐχώρησαν καὶ τῶν ἐκεῖ ἐκράτησαν. Γότθοι δὲ Παννονίαν ἔχοντες πρῶτον, ἔπειτα ιθʹ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας Θεοδοσίου τοῦ νέου, ἐπιτρέψαντος, τὰ τῆς Θρᾴκης χωρία ᾤκησαν, καὶ ἐπὶ νηʹ χρόνους ἐν τῇ Θρᾴκῃ διατρίψαντες, Θευδερίχου ἡγεμονεύοντος αὐτῶν πατρικίου καὶ ὑπάτου, Ζήνωνος αὐτοῖς ἐπιτρέψαντος, τῆς ἑσπερίου βασιλείας ἐκράτησαν. Οἱ δὲ Οὐανδῆλοι Ἀλανοὺς ἑταιρισάμενοι καὶ Γερμανούς, τοὺς νῦν καλουμένους Φράγγους, διαβάντες τὸν † Νῖνον † ποταμόν, ἡγούμενον ἔχοντες Γογίδισκλον, κατῴκησαν ἐν Ἱσπανίᾳ, πρώτῃ οὔσῃ χώρᾳ τῆς Εὐρώπης ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑσπερίου Ὠκεανοῦ. Βονιφάτιος δὲ φοβηθεὶς τοὺς τῶν Ῥωμαίων βασιλεῖς, περάσας ἀπὸ Λιβύης, εἰς Ἱσπανίαν πρὸς τοὺς Οὐανδήλους ἦλθεν, καὶ εὑρὼν τὸν μὲν Γογίδισκλον τελευτήσαντα, τοὺς δὲ ἐκείνου παῖδας, Γότθαρόν τε καὶ Γηζέριχον τὴν ἀρχὴν διέποντας, τούτους προτρεψάμενος τὴν ἑσπέριον Λιβύην εἰς τρία μέρη διελεῖν ὑπέσχετο, ἐφ' ᾧ ἕκαστον τοῦ τρίτου