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me, in which you will not be deceived, as I at least think. And Josaphat said to him. All these things you have said well and fittingly; but I wish to learn this, who is your Master, whom at the beginning of the discourse about that sower you said you had mentioned. 78 ῃιι Then Barlaam, taking up the discourse again, said: If you wish to learn of my Master, He is the Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, the blessed and only Potentate, the King of kings and Lord of lords, who alone has immortality, dwelling in light unapproachable, who with the Father and the Holy Spirit is glorified. For I am not one of those who proclaim these many and disorderly gods, and who worship these lifeless and mute idols; but I know and confess one God glorified in three persons, Father, I say, and Son, and Holy Spirit, in one nature and essence, in one glory and kingdom undivided. This one God, therefore, in three persons, without beginning and without end, eternal and everlasting, uncreated, immutable and incorporeal, invisible, uncircumscribed, incomprehensible, alone good and just, who brought all things into being out of nothing, both the visible and the invisible, first He creates the heavenly and invisible powers, certain numberless multitudes, immaterial and incorporeal, ministering spirits of the majesty of God; then this visible world, heaven and earth and the sea, which He also brightened with light and adorned, the heaven with the sun and moon and the stars, the earth with all sorts of plants and various animals, and the sea in turn with the 80 most abundant race of swimming creatures. All these things, He spoke, and they were made; He commanded, and they were created. Then He creates man with His own hands, taking dust from the earth for the fashioning of the body, and giving him a rational and intelligent soul through His own in-breathing, which is written to have been created in the image and likeness of God: in His image, because of its intelligence and free will, and in His likeness, because of the possible likeness to Him in virtue. Honoring this man with free will and immortality, He appointed him king of the things upon the earth; and He made from him the female, a helper for him like himself. And having planted a paradise in Eden toward the east, filled with all joy and delight, He placed in it the man whom He had formed, commanding him to partake freely of all the divine plants therein, but laying a commandment to not taste of one only at all, which is called the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, saying thus: in whatsoever day you eat of it, you shall surely die. And one of the aforesaid angelic powers, a leader of one host, having in himself no trace of natural evil from the Creator, but having been created for good, by a choice of his own free will he turned from good to evil, and was lifted up in arrogance, wishing to rise up against his Master and God. Therefore he was cast out from his rank and his dignity, and, instead of that blessed glory and angelic name, he was called devil and surnamed Satan. 82 For God cast him down as unworthy of the glory from above; and a great multitude of the order of angels under him were dragged down and cast out with him, who, having become evil in their choice, and, instead of good, having followed the apostasy of their ruler, were named demons, as wanderers and deceivers. The devil, therefore, having utterly denied the good, and having acquired an evil nature, conceived an envy toward man, seeing himself from so great a

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με, ἧς οὐ ψευσθήσῃ, ὡς ἔγωγε οἶμαι. εἶπε δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰωασάφ. Ταῦτα μὲν δὴ πάντα καλῶς εἶπας καὶ εὐαρμόστως· ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο θέλω μαθεῖν, τίς ἐστιν ὁ σὸς ∆εσπότης, ὃν κατ' ἀρχὰς τοῦ λόγου περὶ τοῦ σπορέως ἐκείνου εἰρηκέναι ἔλεγες. 78 ῃιι Αὖθις οὖν ἀναλαβὼν τὸν λόγον ὁ Βαρλαάμ, εἶπεν· Εἰ τὸν ἐμὸν βούλει ∆εσπότην μαθεῖν, ὁ Κύριός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, ὁ μονογενὴς Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ μακάριος καὶ μόνος δυνάστης, ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ Κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων, ὁ μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν, φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον, ὁ σὺν Πατρὶ καὶ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δοξαζόμενος. οὐκ εἰμὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ τῶν τοὺς πολλοὺς τούτους καὶ ἀτάκτους ἀναγορευόντων θεούς, καὶ τὰ ἄψυχα ταῦτα καὶ κωφὰ σεβομένων εἴδωλα· ἀλλ' ἕνα Θεὸν γινώσκω καὶ ὁμολογῶ ἐν τρισὶν ὑποστάσεσι δοξαζόμενον, Πατρί, φημί, καὶ Υἱῷ, καὶ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, ἐν μιᾷ δὲ φύσει καὶ οὐσίᾳ, ἐν μιᾷ δόξῃ καὶ βασιλείᾳ μὴ μεριζομένῃ. οὗτος οὖν ὁ ἐν τρισὶν ὑποστάσεσιν εἷς Θεός, ἄναρχός τε καὶ ἀτελεύτητος, αἰώνιός τε καὶ ἀΐδιος, ἄκτιστος, ἄτρεπτός τε καὶ ἀσώματος, ἀόρατος, ἀπερίγραπτος, ἀπερινόητος, ἀγαθὸς καὶ δίκαιος μόνος, ὁ τὰ πάντα ἐκ μὴ ὄντων ὑποστησάμενος, τά τε ὁρατὰ καὶ τὰ ἀόρατα, πρῶτον μὲν δημιουργεῖ τὰς οὐρανίους δυνάμεις καὶ ἀοράτους, ἀναρίθμητά τινα πλήθη ἄϋλά τε καὶ ἀσώματα, λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ μεγαλειότητος· ἔπειτα τὸν ὁρώμενον κόσμον τοῦτον, οὐρανόν τε καὶ γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν, ὅνπερ καὶ φωτὶ φαιδρύνας κατεκόσμησεν, οὐρανὸν μὲν ἡλίῳ καὶ σελήνῃ καὶ τοῖς ἄστροις, γῆν δὲ παντοίοις βλαστήμασι καὶ διαφόροις ζῴοις, τήν τε θάλασσαν πάλιν τῷ 80 παμπληθεῖ τῶν νηκτῶν γένει. ταῦτα πάντα, αὐτὸς εἶπε, καὶ ἐγεννήθησαν, αὐτὸς ἐνετείλατο καὶ ἐκτίσθησαν. εἶτα δημιουργεῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον χερσὶν ἰδίαις, χοῦν μὲν λαβὼν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς εἰς διάπλασιν τοῦ σώματος, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν λογικὴν καὶ νοερὰν διὰ τοῦ οἰκείου ἐμφυσήματος αὐτῷ δούς, ἥτις κατ' εἰκόνα καὶ ὁμοίωσιν τοῦ Θεοῦ δεδημιουργῆσθαι γέγραπται· κατ' εἰκόνα μέν, διὰ τὸ νοερὸν καὶ αὐτεξούσιον, καθ' ὁμοίωσιν δὲ διὰ τὴν τῆς ἀρετῆς κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ὁμοίωσιν. τοῦτον τὸν ἄνθρωπον αὐτεξουσιότητι καὶ ἀθανασίᾳ τιμήσας, βασιλέα τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς κατέστησεν· ἐποίησε δὲ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τὸ θῆλυ, βοηθὸν αὐτῷ κατ' αὐτόν. Καὶ φυτεύσας παράδεισον ἐν Ἐδὲμ κατὰ ἀνατολάς, εὐφροσύνης καὶ θυμηδίας πάσης πεπληρωμένον, ἔθετο ἐν αὐτῷ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὃν ἔπλασε, πάντων μὲν τῶν ἐκεῖσε θείων φυτῶν κελεύσας ἀκωλύτως μετέχειν, ἑνὸς δὲ μόνου θέμενος ἐντολὴν ὅλως μὴ γεύσασθαι, ὅπερ ξύλον τοῦ γινώσκειν καλὸν καὶ πονηρὸν κέκληται, οὕτως εἰπών. ᾗ δ' ἂν ἡμέρᾳ φάγητε ἀπ' αὐτοῦ, θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε. εἷς δὲ τῶν εἰρημένων ἀγγελικῶν δυνάμεων, μιᾶς στρατιᾶς πρωτοστάτης, οὐδόλως ἐν ἑαυτῷ παρὰ τοῦ ∆ημιουργοῦ κακίας φυσικῆς ἐσχηκὼς ἴχνος ἀλλ' ἐπ' ἀγαθῷ γενόμενος, αὐτεξουσίῳ προαιρέσει ἐτράπη ἐκ τοῦ καλοῦ εἰς τὸ κακόν, καὶ ἐπήρθη τῇ ἀπονοίᾳ, ἀντᾶραι βουληθεὶς τῷ ∆εσπότῃ καὶ Θεῷ. διὸ ἀπεβλήθη τῆς τάξεως αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀξίας, καί, ἀντὶ τῆς μακαρίας δόξης ἐκείνης καὶ ἀγγελικῆς ὀνομασίας, διάβολος ἐκλήθη καὶ Σατανᾶς προσωνόμασται. ἔρριψε 82 γὰρ αὐτὸν ὁ Θεὸς ὡς ἀνάξιον τῆς ἄνωθεν δόξης· συναπεσπάσθη δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ συναπεβλήθη καὶ πλῆθος πολὺ τοῦ ὑπ' αὐτὸν τάγματος τῶν ἀγγέλων, οἵτινες, κακοὶ γεγονότες τὴν προαίρεσιν, καί, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ τῇ ἀποστασίᾳ ἐξακολουθήσαντες τοῦ ἄρχοντος αὐτῶν, δαίμονες ὠνομάσθησαν, ὡς πλάνοι καὶ ἀπατεῶνες. Ἀρνησάμενος οὖν πάντη τὸ ἀγαθὸν ὁ διάβολος, καὶ πονηρὰν προσλαβόμενος φύσιν, φθόνον ἀνεδέξατο πρὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὁρῶν ἑαυτὸν μὲν ἐκ τηλικαύτης