doxology for greater things, offered up more magnificently by someone, and intercession, a request to God concerning certain things by one having a certain greater confidence, and thanksgiving, a confession with prayers for having obtained good things from God, the magnitude being reciprocated by the one confessing or the magnitude of the benefit done to him appearing to the one who has been benefited. 14.3 Examples of the first are the words of Gabriel to Zacharias, who had likely prayed concerning the birth of John, having it thus: “Fear not, Zacharias, because your petition has been heard, and your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you will call his name John,” and the things recorded in Exodus concerning the making of the calf, in this manner: “And Moses petitioned before the Lord God and said: Why, O Lord, are you angry with your people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt with great strength?” and in Deuteronomy: “And I petitioned before the Lord a second time just as the first time, for forty days and forty nights (I ate no bread and drank no water) concerning all your sins which you sinned,” and in Esther: “Mordecai petitioned God, remembering all the works of the Lord, and said: Lord, Lord, King almighty,” and Esther herself “petitioned the Lord God of Israel and said: O Lord, our king.” 14.4 Of the second, in Daniel: “And Azarias, having stood up, prayed thus and opening his mouth in the midst of the fire said,” and in Tobit: “And I prayed with anguish, saying: You are righteous, O Lord, and all your works, all your ways are mercy and truth, and you judge true and righteous judgment forever.” But since they have obelized the saying in Daniel as not being in the Hebrew, and those of the circumcision dispute the book of Tobit as not being in the covenant, I will cite that of Hannah from the first of Kingdoms: “And she prayed to the Lord and wept with weeping. And she vowed a vow and said: O Lord of hosts, if you will indeed look upon the affliction of your servant” and the rest, and in Habakkuk: “A prayer of Habakkuk the prophet, with a song. O Lord, I have heard your voice and was afraid; O Lord, I have considered your works and was amazed; in the midst of two living creatures you will be known, in the drawing near of the years you will be recognized.” This very clearly shows what is according to the definition of prayer, that it is sent up with doxology by the one praying. But also in Jonah, “Jonah prayed to the Lord his God from the belly of the sea monster and said: I cried out in my affliction to the Lord my God, and he heard me; from the belly of Hades, from my cry, you heard my voice; you cast me into the depths of the heart of the sea, and rivers surrounded me.” 14.5 Of the third, in the apostle, who reasonably assigns prayer to us but intercession to the Spirit, as being superior and having “boldness before the one” for whom he intercedes; “for what we should pray for,” he says, “as we ought, we do not know, but the Spirit himself makes intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered. And he who searches the hearts knows what the mind of the Spirit is, because he makes intercession for the saints according to God”; for the Spirit “makes intercession for” and “intercedes,” but we pray. And what was said by Joshua concerning the sun standing still over Gibeon also seems to me to be an intercession: “Then Joshua spoke to the Lord, on the day when God delivered up the Amorite under the hand of Israel, when he crushed them in Gibeon, and they were crushed before the face of the sons of Israel. And Joshua said: Let the sun stand still over Gibeon, and the moon over the valley of Elom”; and in Judges I think that Samson said while interceding: “Let me die with the Philistines,” when “he leaned with might, and the house fell on the satraps and on all the people who were in it.” And even if it is not stated that they interceded but that Joshua and Samson spoke, their speech seems to be an intercession; which is thought by us to be different from prayer, if we were to hear the names in their proper sense.
δοξολογίας περὶ μειζόνων μεγαλοφυέστερον ἀναπεμπομένην ὑπό του, ἔντευξιν δὲ τὴν ὑπὸ παῤῥησίαν τινὰ πλεί ονα ἔχοντος περί τινων ἀξίωσιν πρὸς θεὸν, εὐχαριστίαν δὲ τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ τετευχέναι ἀγαθῶν ἀπὸ θεοῦ μετ' εὐχῶν ἀνθομολόγησιν, ἀντ ειλημμένου τοῦ ἀνθομολογουμένου τοῦ μεγέθους ἢ τῷ εὐεργετη θέντι μεγέθους φαινομένου τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν γεγενημένης εὐεργεσίας. 14.3 παραδείγματα δὲ τοῦ μὲν πρώτου ὁ Γαβριὴλ πρὸς τὸν Ζα χαρίαν, περὶ τῆς γενέσεως Ἰωάννου ὡς εἰκὸς εὐξάμενον, λόγος οὕ τως ἔχων· «μὴ φοβοῦ, Ζαχαρία, διότι εἰσηκούσθη ἡ δέησίς σου, καὶ ἡ γυνή σου Ἐλισάβετ γεννήσει υἱόν σοι, καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰωάννην,» καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ Ἐξόδῳ ἐπὶ τῇ μοσχοποιΐᾳ ἀναγεγραμμένα τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον· «καὶ ἐδεήθη Μωϋσῆς κατέναντι κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ εἶπεν· ἵνα τί θυμοῖ ὀργῇ, κύριε, εἰς τὸν λαόν σου, οὓς ἐξή γαγες ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ἐν ἰσχύϊ μεγάλῃ;» καὶ ἐν ∆ευτερονομίῳ· «καὶ ἐδεήθην ἔναντι κυρίου δεύτερον καθάπερ καὶ τὸ πρότερον τεσσα ράκοντα ἡμέρας καὶ τεσσαράκοντα νύκτας (ἄρτον οὐκ ἔφαγον καὶ ὕδωρ οὐκ ἔπιον) περὶ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ὑμῶν ὧν ἡμάρτετε,» καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἐσθήρ· «Μαρδοχαῖος ἐδεήθη τοῦ θεοῦ, μνημονεύων πάντα τὰ ἔργα τοῦ κυρίου, καὶ εἶπε· κύριε κύριε βασιλεῦ παντοκράτορ,» καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ Ἐσθὴρ «ἐδεῖτο κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ εἶπε· κύριε, ὁ βασιλεὺς ἡμῶν.» 14.4 τοῦ δὲ δευτέρου ἐν τῷ ∆ανιήλ· «καὶ συστὰς Ἀζαρίας προσ ηύξατο οὕτως καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ ἐν μέσῳ πυρὸς εἶπε,» καὶ ἐν τῷ Τωβήτ· «καὶ προσηυξάμην μετ' ὀδύνης λέγων· δίκαιος εἶ, κύριε, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα σου, πᾶσαι αἱ ὁδοί σου ἐλεημοσύνη καὶ ἀλήθεια, καὶ κρίσιν ἀληθινὴν καὶ δικαίαν σὺ κρίνεις εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.» ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ μὲν ἐν τῷ ∆ανιὴλ ῥητὸν ὠβέλισαν, ὡς μὴ κείμενον ἐν τῷ Ἑβραϊκῷ, τῇ δὲ τοῦ Τωβὴτ βίβλῳ ἀντιλέγουσιν οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς, ὡς μὴ ἐνδιαθήκῳ, παραθήσομαι ἐκ τῆς πρώτης τῶν Βασιλειῶν τὸ τῆς Ἄννης· «καὶ προσηύξατο πρὸς κύριον καὶ κλαυθμῷ ἔκλαυσε. καὶ ηὔξατο εὐχὴν καὶ εἶπε· κύριε τῶν δυνάμεων, ἐὰν ἐφοράσει ἐπί δῃς ἐπὶ τὴν ταπείνωσιν τῆς δούλης σου» καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἀββακούμ· «προσευχὴ Ἀββακοὺμ τοῦ προφήτου μετὰ ᾠδῆς. κύριε, εἰσακήκοα τὴν φωνήν σου καὶ ἐφοβήθην· κύριε, κατενόησα τὰ ἔργα σου καὶ ἐξέστην· ἐν μέσῳ δύο ζῴων γνωσθήσῃ, ἐν τῷ ἐγγίζειν τὰ ἔτη ἐπιγνωσθήσῃ.» σφόδρα δὲ αὕτη ἐμφαίνει τὸ κατὰ τὸν ὅρον τῆς προσευχῆς, ὅτι μετὰ δοξολογίας τῷ προσευχομένῳ ἀναπέμπεται. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἰωνᾷ «προσηύξατο Ἰωνᾶς πρὸς κύριον τὸν θεὸν αὐτοῦ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας τοῦ κήτους καὶ εἶπεν· ἐβόησα ἐν θλίψει μου πρὸς κύριον τὸν θεόν μου, καὶ εἰσήκουσέ μου· ἐκ κοιλίας ᾅδου κραυγῆς μου ἤκουσας φωνῆς μου· ἀπέῤῥιψάς με εἰς βάθη καρδίας θαλάσσης, καὶ ποταμοὶ ἐκύκλωσάν με.» 14.5 τοῦ δὲ τρίτου παρὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ, εὐλόγως τὴν μὲν προσ ευχὴν ἐφ' ἡμῶν τάττοντι τὴν δὲ ἔντευξιν ἐπὶ τοῦ πνεύματος, ὡς κρείττονος ὄντος καὶ «παῤῥησίαν» ἔχοντος «πρὸς τὸν,» ᾧ ἐντυγχάνει· «τὸ γὰρ τί προσευξώμεθα,» φησὶ, «καθὸ δεῖ οὐκ οἴδαμεν, ἀλλὰ αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις ὑπερεντυγχάνει τῷ θεῷ. ὁ δὲ ἐρευνῶν τὰς καρδίας οἶδε τί τὸ φρόνημα τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅτι κατὰ θεὸν ἐντυγχάνει ὑπὲρ ἁγίων»· ὑπερεντυγχάνει γὰρ καὶ «ἐντυγχάνει» τὸ πνεῦμα, ἡμεῖς δὲ προσευχόμεθα. ἔντευξις δέ μοι εἶναι δοκεῖ καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ Ἰησοῦ εἰρημένον περὶ τοῦ στῆναι τὸν ἥλιον κατὰ Γαβαώθ· «τότε ἐλάλησεν Ἰησοῦς πρὸς κύριον, ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ παρέδωκεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν Ἀμοῤῥαῖον ὑποχείριον Ἰσραὴλ, ἡνίκα συνέτριβεν αὐτοὺς ἐν Γαβαὼθ, καὶ συνετρίβησαν ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ. καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς· στήτω ὁ ἥλιος κατὰ Γαβαὼθ, καὶ ἡ σελήνη κατὰ φάραγγα Ἐλώμ»· καὶ ἐν τοῖς Κριταῖς ὁ Σαμψὼν ἡγοῦμαι ὅτι ἐντυγχάνων εἶπε· «συναποθανέτω ἡ ψυχή μου μετὰ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων,» ὅτε «ἔκλινεν ἐν ἰσχύϊ, καὶ ἔπεσεν ὁ οἶκος ἐπὶ τοὺς σατράπας καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα τὸν λαὸν τὸν ἐν αὐτῷ.» εἰ καὶ μὴ κεῖται δὲ ὅτι ἐντετυχήκασιν ἀλλ' ὅτι εἰρήκασιν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ ὁ Σαμψὼν, ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ἔοικεν εἶναι ἔν τευξις· ἥτις ἑτέρα παρὰ τὴν προσευχὴν, εἰ κυρίως ἀκούοιμεν τῶν ὀνομάτων, εἶναι ἡμῖν νομίζεται.