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and he has built sacred precincts, as has been recounted by me before, and stoas and agoras and public baths and almost everything else; so that these are in no way inferior to the palaces in the 1.11.22 city. And he constructed another harbor on the opposite mainland, in the place named after Eutropius, not far from this Heraion, built in the same manner as the others which I just mentioned. 1.11.23 Thus, to speak as briefly as possible, are the works built by the Emperor Justinian in the imperial city. What alone has been left for us here 1.11.24 I shall now make clear. Since the emperor has his residence here, on account of the greatness of the empire, a crowd of all kinds of 1.11.25 men from every land enters the city. And each of them arrives, either guided by some business or by hope or by chance, but many, for whom things at home are not well, needing to petition the emperor, become residents in the city because of some necessity, either pressing, or imminent, 1.11.26 or impending. To whom it happens, in addition to their other helplessness, that they also lack housing, not being able to pay the rent for 1.11.27 a stay here. But Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora solved this difficulty for them. For very close to the sea, where the place is called the Stadium (for it was dedicated, I suppose, to certain games in ancient times), they built immensely large hospices, to be timely lodgings for those suffering from such things. 2.t.1 BOOK II. 2.1.1 As many sacred precincts as the Emperor Justinian founded anew in Constantinople and its suburbs, and as many as had become dilapidated through length of time he renewed, and the other buildings, as many as he has made here, have been described in the previous book. 2.1.2 For the rest, we must proceed to the fortifications, and with which he surrounded the frontiers of the land of the Romans. Where indeed it would be quite necessary for my account to struggle and 2.1.3 to labor through impossible tasks. For we shall not describe the pyramids, that much-talked-of undertaking of those who have ruled in Egypt, a work judged to be a useless gratification, but rather all the fortresses with which this emperor saved the empire, by fortifying it and making the plot against the Romans impossible for the barbarians. And it seemed to me not out of place to begin from the borders of the Medes. 2.1.4 After the Medes withdrew from the land of the Romans, having given up to them the city of Amida, as has been described in the books on the wars, Emperor Anastasius made haste to surround with a wall a certain village, previously obscure, Dara by name, very near the Persian border, and to make it a city that would be a fortress against the 2.1.5 enemy. But since it was forbidden in the treaties, which Emperor Theodosius had once made with the Persian race, that neither side should build any new fortification in its own territory lying anywhere near the borders of the other, the Persians, putting forward the terms of the peace, became an obstacle to the work with all zeal, although 2.1.6 they were hard pressed by the demands of a Hunnic war. But the Romans, seeing them unprepared on this account, took up the building more keenly, being eager to finish before the enemy, having concluded their struggle against the Huns, 2.1.7 might come against them. Therefore, being fearful because of their suspicion of the enemy and always expecting their attacks, they did not carry out the building with precision, since the excessive speed of their haste robbed them of 2.1.8 soundness in the work. For soundness is nowhere accustomed to dwell with brevity, nor does precision tend to follow 2.1.9 speed. So then, they hurriedly completed the construction of the circuit wall, having made it not impregnable to the enemy, but having given it only the necessary height, and indeed not even having set the stones themselves in a suitable way, or worked their joints properly, or fitted them together reasonably with the mortar of lime. 2.1.10 Therefore, in a short time (for by snow and the heat of the sun, by the building's

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καὶ ἱερὰ τεμένη πεποίηται, ᾗπέρ μοι ἔμπροσθεν δεδιήγηται, καὶ στοάς τε καὶ ἀγορὰς καὶ λουτρῶνας ἐν δημοσίῳ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα σχεδόν τι πάντα· ὥστε δὴ ταῦτα τῶν ἐν τῇ 1.11.22 πόλει βασιλείων ἐλασσοῦσθαι μηδέν. καὶ λιμένα δὲ ἄλλον ἐτεκτήνατο ἐν τῇ ἀντιπέρας ἠπείρῳ, ἐν τοῖς Εὐτροπίου ἐπωνύμοις, τοῦ Ἡραίου τοῦδε οὐ πολλῷ ἄποθεν, κατὰ ταὐτὰ εἰργασμένον τοῖς ἄλλοις, ὧνπερ ἐπεμνήσθην ἀρτίως. 1.11.23 Τὰ μὲν οὖν Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ ἐν πόλει δεδημιουργημένα τῇ βασιλίδι, ὡς διὰ βραχυτάτων εἰπεῖν, ταύτῃ πη ἔχει. ὃ δὲ μόνον ἡμῖν ἐνταῦθα δὴ ἀπολέλειπται 1.11.24 αὐτίκα δηλώσω. τῇδε τοῦ βασιλέως τὰ διαιτητήρια ἔχοντος, διὰ μέγεθος τῆς βασιλείας, ἐκ πάσης γῆς ὅμιλος ἀν1.11.25 θρώπων τῇ πόλει παντοδαπὸς ἐπεισέρχεται. παραγίνεται δὲ αὐτῶν ἕκαστος ἢ πράξει τινὶ ποδηγούμενος ἢ ἐλπίδι ἢ τύχῃ, πολλοὶ δέ τινες, οἷς δὴ τὰ κατὰ τὴν οἰκίαν οὐκ ἐν καλῷ κεῖται, βασιλέως δεησόμενοι, τῇ πόλει ἔνδημοι γίνονται διὰ βίαν τινὰ ἢ πιέζουσαν ἢ ἐγκειμένην 1.11.26 ἢ μέλλουσαν. οἷσπερ συμβαίνει πρὸς τῇ ἄλλῃ ἀμηχανίᾳ καὶ οἰκίας ὑποσπανίζειν, οὐχ οἵοις τε οὖσι τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς 1.11.27 ἐνταῦθα διατριβῆς προέσθαι μίσθωσιν. ταύτην δὲ αὐτοῖς βασιλεύς τε Ἰουστινιανὸς καὶ ἡ βασιλὶς Θεοδώρα τὴν ἀπορίαν διέλυσαν. τῆς γὰρ θαλάσσης ὡς ἀγχοτάτω, ἵνα δὴ Στάδιον ὁ χῶρος καλεῖται (ἀγῶσι γάρ, οἶμαι, τὸ παλαιὸν ἀνεῖτό τισι) ξενῶνας ὑπερμεγέθεις ἐδείμαντο, τοῖς τὰ τοιαῦτα ταλαιπωρουμένοις ἐπὶ καιροῦ γενησομένους καταλυτήρια. 2.τ.1 ΛΟΓΟΣ Βʹ. 2.1.1 Ὅσα μὲν δὴ ἐπί τε Κωνσταντινουπόλεως καὶ τῶν ἐκείνῃ προαστείων ἱερὰ τεμένη βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς νέα ἱδρύσατο, καὶ ὅσα καταπεπονηκότα διὰ χρόνου μῆκος ἀνενεώσατο, τά τε ἄλλα οἰκοδομήματα, ὅσα δὴ ἐνταῦθα 2.1.2 πεποίηται, ἐν τῷ ἔμπροσθεν λόγῳ δεδήλωται. τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ἐπὶ τὰ ἐρύματα ἡμῖν ἰτέον, καὶ οἷσπερ τὰς ἐσχατιὰς περιέβαλε Ῥωμαίων τῆς γῆς. ἔνθα δὴ καὶ ταλαιπωρεῖσθαι τῷ λόγῳ τὰ μάλιστα ἐπάναγκες ἂν εἴη καὶ 2.1.3 τὰ ἀμήχανα διαπονεῖσθαι. οὐ γὰρ τὰς πυραμίδας ἀφηγησόμεθα, τοῦτο δὴ τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ βεβασιλευκότων τὸ διαθρυλλούμενον ἐπιτήδευμα, ἐς χάριν ἀποκεκριμένον ἀνόνητον, ἀλλὰ τὰ ὀχυρώματα σύμπαντα, οἷς ὁ βασιλεὺς οὗτος τὴν βασιλείαν ἐσώσατο, τειχισάμενός τε αὐτὴν καὶ ἀμήχανον τοῖς βαρβάροις καταστησάμενος τὴν ἐς Ῥωμαίους ἐπιβουλήν. ἐκ δὲ ὁρίων τῶν Μηδικῶν ἄρξασθαι οὔ μοι ἀπὸ τρόπου ἔδοξεν εἶναι. 2.1.4 Ἐπειδὴ Μῆδοι ἀνεχώρησαν ἐκ Ῥωμαίων τῆς γῆς, πόλιν αὐτοῖς Ἄμιδαν ἀποδόμενοι, ᾗπερ ἐν λόγοις τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῶν πολέμων δεδήλωται, βασιλεὺς μὲν Ἀναστάσιος ἄγχιστά πη τῶν Περσικῶν ὅρων κώμην ἄδοξόν τινα τὰ πρότερα οὖσαν, ∆άρας ὄνομα, τείχει περιβαλεῖν διὰ σπουδῆς ἔσχε, πόλιν τε αὐτὴν ἐπιτείχισμα ἐσομένην τοῖς 2.1.5 πολεμίοις ἐργάσασθαι. ἐν δὲ ταῖς σπονδαῖς ἀπειρημένον, ἅσπερ ποτὲ βασιλεὺς Θεοδόσιος ἔθετο πρὸς τὸ Περσῶν γένος, μηδετέρους ἐν χωρίῳ οἰκείῳ ἐν γειτόνων που τοῖς τῶν ἑτέρων ὁρίοις κειμένῳ ὀχύρωμα νεώτερόν τι ἐπιτεχνᾶσθαι, προτεινόμενοι Πέρσαι τὰς ἐπὶ τῇ εἰρήνῃ ξυνθήκας ἐμπόδιοι τῷ ἔργῳ σπουδῇ τῇ πάσῃ ἐγίνοντο, καί2.1.6 περ Οὐννικοῦ πολέμου πιεζόμενοι τῇ ἀσχολίᾳ. Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ αὐτοὺς ἀπαρασκεύους διὰ ταῦτα ὁρῶντες ὀξύτερον τῆς οἰκοδομίας ἀντελαμβάνοντο, προτερῆσαι διὰ σπουδῆς ἔχοντες πρὶν οἱ πολέμιοι τὴν πρὸς Οὔννους ἀγώνισιν 2.1.7 διαλύσαντες ἐπὶ σφᾶς ἴωσιν. ὑποψίᾳ οὖν τῇ ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων περίφοβοι ὄντες καὶ καραδοκοῦντες ἀεὶ τὰς ἐφόδους, οὐκ ἐς τὸ ἀκριβὲς τὴν οἰκοδομίαν ἐξῆγον, τοῦ τάχους αὐτοῖς τῷ ὑπερβάλλοντι τῆς σπουδῆς παραιρου2.1.8 μένου τὴν ἐς τὸ ἔργον ἀσφάλειαν. τῷ γὰρ συντόμῳ τό γε ἀσφαλὲς οὐδαμῆ εἴωθε ξυνοικίζεσθαι, οὐδὲ τῷ ὀξεῖ τὸ 2.1.9 ἀκριβὲς φιλεῖ ἕπεσθαι. οὕτω τοίνυν ἐπισπερχῶς ἀπειργάσαντο τὴν τοῦ περιβόλου ἀνάστασιν οὐκ ἀνανταγώνιστον τοῖς πολεμίοις πεποιημένοι, ἀλλ' ὅσον αὐτῷ ἀναγκαῖον ὕψος ἐνθέμενοι, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ αὐτοὺς ἐμβεβλημένοι ἐν ἐπιτηδείῳ τοὺς λίθους, ἢ αὐτῶν ἐν δέοντι εἰργασμένοι τὴν σύνθεσιν, ἢ τῷ τέλματι τῆς τιτάνου κατὰ λόγον 2.1.10 ἐναρμοσάμενοι. χρόνου οὖν ὀλίγου (χιόσι τε γὰρ καὶ ἡλίου θέρμῃ τῷ τῆς οἰκοδομίας