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to rule part with him, and in common to defend against any enemy whatsoever. On these agreements the Vandals, having crossed the strait, settled Libya from the Ocean to Tripoli by Cyrene. And the Visigoths, rising up from Gaul, also conquered Spain. But some of the Roman senate, friends of Boniface, reported the false accusation of Aetius to Placidia, making manifest also the letter of Aetius to Boniface, which Boniface had sent to them. But Placidia, being astonished, did no harm to Aetius, but sent an encouraging message with oaths to Boniface. And when Gotharius died, Gizeric became sole ruler of the Vandals. And Boniface, having received the message, campaigned against the Vandals, a great army having come to him from both Rome and Byzantium, with Aspar as general. And when war broke out against Gizeric, the army of the Romans was defeated. And so Boniface, having come to Rome with Aspar, dispelled the suspicion, proving the truth. And Africa came under the Vandals. At that time Marcian too, being a soldier and serving Aspar, was captured alive by Gizeric, he who reigned after this. It is to be known that there are three amermoumneis in all of Syria, that is, in the dominion of the Arabs, of whom the first sits in Baghdad, and is from the family of Mouameth, that is, of Mouchoumet; the second sits in Africa, and is from the family of Alem and Fatime, the daughter of Mouameth, that is, of Mouchoumet, from whom they are also named Fatemites; the third sits in Spain, and is from the family of Mauias. It is to be known that at the beginning when the Saracens became masters of all Syria, an amermoumnes was seated in Baghdad. And he was master of all Persia and of Africa and of Egypt and of Arabia Felix. And he had great emirates, that is, these provinces: the first emirate, Persia, that is, Khorasan, the second emirate, Africa, the third emirate, Egypt, the fourth emirate, Philistia, that is, Ramla, the fifth emirate, Damascus, the sixth emirate, Chemps, that is, Emesa, the seventh emirate, Chalep, the eighth emirate, Antioch, the ninth emirate, Charran, the tenth emirate, Emet, the eleventh emirate, Esibe, the twelfth emirate, Mousel, the thirteenth emirate, Tikrit. But when Africa was broken off from the authority of the amermoumnes in Baghdad and became its own master and proclaimed its own emir, the first emirate became, as it was also before, Persia, the second Egypt and in order the rest, as has been said before. But recently again, the amermoumnes in Baghdad having become weak, the emir of Persia, that is, of Khorasan, became independent; and he called himself amermoumnes, wearing also the Kouran on tablets around his neck in the manner of a collar. And he says he is from the family of Alem. But the emir of Arabia Felix was always and forever under the authority of the emir of Egypt. But he also became independent, and he too called himself amermoumnes; and he too says he is from the family of Alem. 26 The genealogy of the illustrious king Hugh. It is to be known that the king of Italy, the great Lothair, the grandfather of the illustrious king Hugh, was descended from the family of the great Charles, about whom there is much praise, and encomia and narratives and valiant deeds in wars. This Charles, then, was sole ruler of all the kingdoms, and he reigned in great Francia. And in his days none of the remaining kings dared to call himself king, but all were his tributaries, who, having sent sufficient money and abundant wealth to Palestine, built very many monasteries. This Lothair, therefore, taking up his own troops, having campaigned against Rome, conquered it by war, and was crowned by the pope of that time. And

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μέρους ἄρχειν σὺν αὐτῷ, κοινῇ δὲ ἀμύνεσθαι τὸν οἱονδήποτε πολέμιον. Ἐπὶ ταύταις ταῖς ὁμολογίαις Οὐανδῆλοι τὸν πορθμὸν διαβάντες, τὴν Λιβύην κατῴκησαν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ μέχρι Τριπόλεως τῆς κατὰ Κυρήνην. Οἱ δὲ Ἰσίγοτθοι ἀναστάντες ἀπὸ Γαλλίας, ἐκράτησαν καὶ τὴν Ἱσπανίαν. Τινὲς δὲ τῆς συγκλήτου Ῥωμαίων, φίλοι Βονιφατίου, τὴν Ἀετίου ψευδοκατηγορίαν ἀνήγγειλαν τῇ Πλακιδίᾳ, ἐμφανῆ ποιήσαντες καὶ τὴν πρὸς Βονιφάτιον Ἀετίου ἐπιστολήν, τοῦ Βονιφατίου ταύτην αὐτοῖς ἀποστείλαντος. Ἡ δὲ Πλακιδία ἐκπλαγεῖσα τὸν μὲν Ἀέτιον οὐδὲν ἠδίκησεν, Βονιφατίῳ δὲ λόγον προτρεπτικὸν μεθ' ὅρκων ἀπέστειλεν. Τοῦ δὲ Γοτθαρίου τελευτήσαντος, Γηζέριχος τῶν Οὐανδήλων γέγονεν αὐτοκράτωρ. Βονιφάτιος δὲ τὸν λόγον δεξάμενος τῶν Οὐανδήλων κατεστράτευσεν, στρατοῦ μεγάλου ἐλθόντος αὐτῷ ἀπό τε Ῥώμης καὶ τοῦ Βυζαντίου, στρατηγοῦντος Ἄσπαρος. Πολέμου δὲ κροτηθέντος πρὸς Γηζέριχον, ἡττήθη ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων στρατός. Καὶ οὕτω Βονιφάτιος μετὰ Ἄσπαρος εἰς Ῥώμηνἐλθών, τὴν ὑποψίαν διέλυσεν, ἀποδείξας τὴν ἀλήθειαν. Ἡ δὲ Ἀφρικὴ ὑπὸ Οὐανδήλοις γέγονεν. Τότε καὶ Μαρκιανὸς στρατιώτης ὢν καὶ δουλεύων Ἄσπαρα ζῶν συνελήφθη ὑπὸ Γηζερίχου, ὁ μετὰ ταῦτα βασιλεύσας. Ἰστέον, ὅτι τρεῖς ἀμερμουμνεῖς εἰσιν ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Συρίᾳ, ἤγουν ἐν τῇ τῶν Ἀράβων ἀρχῇ, ὧν ὁ μὲν πρῶτος καθέζεται ἐν τῷ Βαγδάδ, ἔστιν δὲ ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Μουάμεθ γενεᾶς, ἤτοι τοῦ Μουχούμετ· ὁ δὲ δεύτερος καθέζεται ἐν Ἀφρικῇ, καὶ ἔστι ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Ἀλὴμ γενεᾶς καὶ Φατιμέ, τῆς θυγατρὸς Μουάμεθ, ἤτοι τοῦ Μουχούμετ, ἐξ οὗ καὶ Φατεμῖται ὀνομάζονται· ὁ δὲ τρίτος καθέζεται ἐν Ἱσπανίᾳ, ἔστιν δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς τοῦ Μαυίου. Ἰστέον, ὅτι κατ' ἀρχὰς ἐν τῷ κατακυριεῦσαι τοὺς Σαρακηνοὺς πάσης τῆς Συρίας ἐκαθέσθη ἀμερμουμνῆς εἰς τὸ Βαγδάδ. Ἐδέσποζεν δὲ πάσης τῆς Περσίας καὶ τῆς Ἀφρικῆς καὶ τῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ τῆς εὐδαίμονος Ἀραβίας. Καὶ εἶχεν ἀμηραδίας μεγάλας, ἤτοι στρατηγίδας ταύτας· πρώτην ἀμηραδίαν τὴν Περσίαν, ἤγουν τὸ Χωρασάν, δευτέραν ἀμηραδίαν τὴν Ἀφρικήν, τρίτην ἀμηραδίαν τὴν Αἴγυπτον, τετάρτην ἀμηραδίαν τὴν Φιλιστίημ, ἤτοι τὸ Ῥάμβλε, πέμπτην ἀμηραδίαν τὴν ∆αμασκόν, ἕκτην ἀμηραδίαν τὸ Χέμψ, ἤτοι τὸ Ἔμεσα, ἑβδόμην ἀμηραδίαν τὸ Χάλεπ, ὀγδόην ἀμηραδίαν τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν, ἐνάτην ἀμηραδίαν τὸ Χαράν, δεκάτην ἀμηραδίαν τὸ Ἔμετ, ἑνδεκάτην ἀμηραδίαν τὴν Ἐσιβή, δωδεκάτην ἀμηραδίαν τὸ Μούσελ, τρισκαιδεκάτην ἀμηραδίαν τὸ Τικρίτ. Τῆς δὲ Ἀφρικῆς ἀποσπασθείσης ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ ἀμερμουμνῆ ἐν τῷ Βαγδὰδ ἐξουσίας καὶ ἰδιοκρατησάσης καὶ ἀμηρᾶν ἴδιον ἀναγορευσάσης, γέγονεν, καθὼς καὶ προϋπῆρχεν, πρώτη ἀμηραδία ἡ Περσία, δευτέρα ἡ Αἴγυπτος καὶ καθεξῆς αἱ λοιπαί, καθὼς προείρηται. Ἀρτίως δὲ πάλιν τοῦ ἀμερμουμνῆ τοῦ ἐν τῷ Βαγδὰδ ἀδυνατήσαντος, γέγονεν ἰδιόρρυθμος ὁ τῆς Περσίας ἀμηρᾶς, ἤγουν τοῦ Χωρασάν· καὶ ἀπεκάλεσεν ἑαυτὸν ἀμερμουμνῆν, φορῶν καὶ τὸ κουρὰν διὰ πινακιδίων εἰς τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ δίκην μανιακίου. Λέγει δὲ ἑαυτὸν εἶναι ἐκ τῆς γενεᾶς τοῦ Ἀλήμ. Ὁ δὲ ἀμηρᾶς τῆς εὐδαίμονος Ἀραβίας ὑπῆρχεν ἀεὶ καὶπάντοτε ὑπὸ τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ ἀμηρᾶ Αἰγύπτου. Γέγονεν δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἰδιόρρυθμος, καὶ ἀπεκάλεσεν καὶ αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν ἀμερμουμνῆν· λέγει δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν εἶναι ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Ἀλὴμ γενεᾶς. 26 Ἡ γενεαλογία τοῦ περιβλέπτου ῥηγὸς Οὔγωνος. Ἰστέον, ὅτι ὁ ῥὴξ Ἰταλίας, ὁ μέγας Λωθάριος, ὁ πάππος τοῦ περιβλέπτου ῥηγὸς Οὔγωνος, ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς τοῦ μεγάλου Καρούλου κατήγετο, περὶ οὗ πολὺς ἔπαινος, ἐγκώμιά τε καὶ διηγήματα καὶ περὶ πολέμους ἀνδραγαθήματα. Οὗτος οὖν ὁ Κάρουλος ἦν μονοκράτωρ πάντων τῶν ῥηγάτων, ἐβασίλευσε δὲ εἰς τὴν μεγάλην Φραγγίαν. Ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ οὐδεὶς τῶν ὑπολοίπων ῥηγῶν ἐτόλμησε ῥῆγα ἑαυτὸν καλέσαι, ἀλλὰ πάντες ὑπῆρχον ὑπόσπονδοι αὐτοῦ, ὅστις χρήματα ἱκανὰ καὶ πλοῦτον ἄφθονον ἐν Παλαιστίνῃ ἀποστείλας, ἐδείματο μοναστήρια πάμπολλα. Ὁ τοίνυν Λωθάριος οὗτος ἀναλαβόμενος τὰ ἑαυτοῦ στρατεύματα, κατὰ Ῥώμης ἐκστρατεύσας, ἀπὸ πολέμου ταύτην ἐκράτησεν, καὶ ἐστέφθη παρὰ τοῦ τότε πάπα. Καὶ